Introduction to HDTV

July 9, 2009 Deepak Thukral, DDE, STI(T),Delhi 1

Introduction Introduction toto

High Definition TelevisionHigh Definition Television( HDTV )( HDTV )

DEEPAK THUKRALDEEPAK THUKRALDy. Director(Engg.)Dy. Director(Engg.)STI(T), DelhiSTI(T), Delhi

July 9, 2009 2Deepak Thukral, DDE, STI(T),Delhi

This technology allows production and broadcast of TV signals with much higher visual information than traditional standards like PAL, NTSC.

Present TV system is Standard Definition –SDTV.

High Definition Television


HDTV - FeaturesHDTV - Features

Up to five times the resolution of SDTV.

Wider Aspect Ratio of 16:9.

Supports 5.1 channel Surround Sound.

Picture quality comparable to 35 mm film quality.

HDTV is a subset of Digital Television.


HDTV – SDTVHDTV – SDTVParameters HDTV SDTV

Active Scan lines

1080 576

Resolution 1920 x 10802 million pixels

720 x 576414000 pixels

Aspect Ratio 16 : 9 4 : 3

Sound 5.1 Surround Stereo


Original impetus for HDTV came from wide screen movies.

Present PAL/NTSC TV standards are half century old.

Progress of technology has brought improvement in domestic viewing quality in HD-DVD, Home theatre, Virtual Reality games. This has forced broadcasters to look for better picture.

All technology based industries undergo such transformations.

Move towards HDTV


1920 pixels

1080lines

NTSC 640 x 480= 307,000 pixels

PAL 720 x 576= 414,000 pixels

1080i HD1920 x 1080

=2 million pixels

720p HD1280 x 720 = 1 million pixels

standard

What is HD


HDTV transmission in cable, satellite and terrestrial modes available for over 5 years.

Consumer response has forced vendors to commit aggressive investment in display devices.

Recent success of wide screen TV has motivated European broadcasters to move towards HDTV in a big way.

THE TREND


STATUSSTATUS Japan pioneered HDTV, commenced broadcast in

1998. 15 HD channels in operation.

North American & Australian markets embraced HDTV very early.

Forecast - HDTV Sets to outsell analogue TV set in USA in 2006.

CHINA - HDTV production activity started from 2000 onwards. First HDTV channel launched by CCTV early 2006. Olympics 2008 - full coverage planned in HDTV.


STATUSSTATUS

EUROPE : Major action in 2005-06.

Alfacam Belgium – HD1: First HDTV channel launched in Europe in 2004.

Premier TV Germany- 3 HD channels. All 64 FIFA 2006 world cup matches broadcast in HD.

France - TF1 & Canal+ started HD service in 2005

BBC & B Sky B – kicked off trial HD service with FIFA 2006 world cup.


HDTV Status WorldwideHDTV Status Worldwide


Sports Coverage in HDTVSports Coverage in HDTV2002 - Soccer World cup 2004 - Athens Olympics 2006 - Winter Olympics 2006 - Commonwealth Games FIFA 2006 World cup, Germany – New HD service

launched by large number of broadcasters.Doha Asian games in Qatar- major events covered

& broadcast in HDTV.CHINA targeting full HD coverage of Olympics

2008


Major Players in HDTV Major Players in HDTV PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Studio camerasStudio cameras

SONY SONY – HDC 1500 series (Both 1080i/720p) – HDC 1500 series (Both 1080i/720p) HDC 3300 super motion camera (Both 1080i/720p)HDC 3300 super motion camera (Both 1080i/720p)

IKEGAMI IKEGAMI – 79E2 series (Both 1080i/720p) – 79E2 series (Both 1080i/720p)

THOMSONTHOMSON – LDK 4000 mkll (1080i or 720p) – LDK 4000 mkll (1080i or 720p)GRASSVALLEYGRASSVALLEY LDK 8000 std (Both 1080i/ 720p) LDK 8000 std (Both 1080i/ 720p)

HITACHIHITACHI – HK3200 series (Both 1080i/720p) – HK3200 series (Both 1080i/720p)



Camcorders/Field camerasCamcorders/Field cameras SONYSONY HDCAM series (1080i)HDCAM series (1080i)

Over 35000 HDCAM units sold till March’07Over 35000 HDCAM units sold till March’07Sold over 40 countries Sold over 40 countries Major markets: Major markets: JapanJapan - More than 3200 HDCAM in use by NHK. Major networks like JNN, - More than 3200 HDCAM in use by NHK. Major networks like JNN,

NNN, FNN etc are using HDCAMNNN, FNN etc are using HDCAMUSAUSA – For program production majority is in HDCAM. NBC, FOX, ABC – For program production majority is in HDCAM. NBC, FOX, ABCEuropeEurope – Major broadcasters using HDCAM include B Sky B channel, – Major broadcasters using HDCAM include B Sky B channel,

EURO 1080 (Luxemberg), Priemere (Germany), TPS (France) etcEURO 1080 (Luxemberg), Priemere (Germany), TPS (France) etcOther Asian marketsOther Asian markets – Korea more than 1200 units by KBC, MBC etc – Korea more than 1200 units by KBC, MBC etc

Singapore by Media Corp. Singapore by Media Corp.



Camcorders/Field camerasCamcorders/Field cameras

PANASONICPANASONIC – DVCPROHD series (Both 1080i/720p) – DVCPROHD series (Both 1080i/720p)

Over 14000 units sold till March’06Over 14000 units sold till March’06Sold for major broadcasters across the globe. Sold for major broadcasters across the globe. Major markets:Major markets:JapanJapan >1800 units DVCPROHD in use by NHK HTV, BSS, RSK etc >1800 units DVCPROHD in use by NHK HTV, BSS, RSK etcUSAUSA – More than 1900 units are in use by major broadcasters. Europe – – More than 1900 units are in use by major broadcasters. Europe –

More than 300 units are in use by major broadcasters. More than 300 units are in use by major broadcasters. Other Asian markets including ChinaOther Asian markets including China – More than 300 units are in use. – More than 300 units are in use.



Camcorders/Field camerasCamcorders/Field cameras

THOMSON GRASSVALLEYTHOMSON GRASSVALLEY – Tape less format (Hard disk based) – Tape less format (Hard disk based) INFINITY Commercial launch is yet to take place. INFINITY Commercial launch is yet to take place.

IKEGAMYIKEGAMY – Tape less format (Hard disk based) Commercial launch is – Tape less format (Hard disk based) Commercial launch is yet to take place. yet to take place.


PROPOSITION FOR PROPOSITION FOR CONSUMERCONSUMER

Bigger, Better and Wider picture.

Stable and mature technology.

Open standard and Multiple vendors.

Apparent 3D quality, near natural viewing experience.

Attractive value for money.


RECEPTION OF HDTVRECEPTION OF HDTVAll Digital TV reception HDTV or SDTV will

require a Set-top box plus a display device or an Integrated receiver.

Set-top box cost - highly demand sensitive as seen in DTH case.

Prices of Flat panel display devices like plasma & LCD are dropping at 20% every year. Sony, Samsung, Panasonic, Phillips, LG, Viewsonic are major vendors.

Current price of LCD 42” display ~ $1000.


DISPLAY DEVICESDISPLAY DEVICESPlasma and LCD display devices are used for

HDTV viewing. CRT are difficult to make beyond 32” size.

Plasma & LCD displays are sleek and flat, produce vivid colors.

Plasma display devices are based on ionization of gases inside tiny chambers producing UV rays which strike on RGB phosphors

LCD display is based in switching on/off of pixels on application of voltage, allowing glowing of colored pixels.


VALUE PROPOSITION FOR VALUE PROPOSITION FOR BROADCASTERSBROADCASTERS

Broadcasters catch up with film quality as consumers are catching up with DV quality.

Conventional TV quality may be little cheaper but impact on heritage value is significant as HD becomes the norm.

HDTV: Today :Premium technology. Tomorrow :Mainstay


OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY

Cost of equipment will come down quicker as HD appeals to broadcasters and film makers.

All links in HD chain from capture to broadcast and reception have been mastered.

Display device manufacturers have lined up ambitious investments.


OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY

HD DVD market also driving the display market.

HD Master content can be converted to multiple high quality distribution media.

HDTV production equipments cost about 50% higher. Prices being further reduced.


HDTV Broadcast Systems.HDTV Broadcast Systems.

These are defined three fold as:These are defined three fold as: Number of lines in the vertical display resolutionNumber of lines in the vertical display resolution Method of scanning: interlaced or progressive.Method of scanning: interlaced or progressive. Number of frames or fields per second.Number of frames or fields per second. A A 720p50 720p50 means 1280 x 720 (HxV) with 50 progressive means 1280 x 720 (HxV) with 50 progressive

frames per second.frames per second. A A 1080i25 1080i25 meansmeans 1920 x 1080 (HxV) with 25 interlaced 1920 x 1080 (HxV) with 25 interlaced

frames per second. frames per second. Sometimes the field or frame rate is dropped and has to Sometimes the field or frame rate is dropped and has to

be inferred from the context be inferred from the context (e.g. 720p or 1080i).(e.g. 720p or 1080i).

99


Image Quality Considerations.Image Quality Considerations. A 720p has nearly the same vertical resolution as that of A 720p has nearly the same vertical resolution as that of

a 1080i.a 1080i. Interlaced scan method is a form of compression that Interlaced scan method is a form of compression that

degrades the picture quality slightly.degrades the picture quality slightly. Large screen flat panel displays are coming to the Large screen flat panel displays are coming to the

market that will allow progressive scan images to be market that will allow progressive scan images to be displayed correctly.displayed correctly.

Image Resolution Image Resolution is expressed as is expressed as TVL / H TVL / H (TV (TV Lines per picture height) Lines per picture height)

-contd-contd


Image Quality considerations.Image Quality considerations.

Image resolution is defined as the maximum number of Image resolution is defined as the maximum number of black white vertical bars that can be visually resolved black white vertical bars that can be visually resolved within the horizontal distance equal to picture height.within the horizontal distance equal to picture height.

State of the art HDTV camera has State of the art HDTV camera has 1000 TVL /H1000 TVL /H An SDTV camera has 750 TVL/H .An SDTV camera has 750 TVL/H . Super 16 mm film has 500 TVL / H.Super 16 mm film has 500 TVL / H.


D6 HDTV VTR.D6 HDTV VTR. Record & Playback uncompressed HDTV contentRecord & Playback uncompressed HDTV content No appreciable loss in quality even after 20 tape copies No appreciable loss in quality even after 20 tape copies

of multi generation.of multi generation. Metal particle tape with 19 mm cassettes.Metal particle tape with 19 mm cassettes. Sampling Y=74.25 ,U/V =37.125 MHz.(10/8 bits)Sampling Y=74.25 ,U/V =37.125 MHz.(10/8 bits) Can record 12 channels of Audio sampled at 48 KHz Can record 12 channels of Audio sampled at 48 KHz

with up to 24 bits per sample.with up to 24 bits per sample. Make: Toshiba ,Philips.Make: Toshiba ,Philips.


D5 HDTV VTRD5 HDTV VTR For recording uses 4:1 intraframe compression.For recording uses 4:1 intraframe compression. Supports 720p,1080i as well as 1080p formats.Supports 720p,1080i as well as 1080p formats. Can record 8 channels of AES/EBU audio sampled at Can record 8 channels of AES/EBU audio sampled at

48 KHz with up to 24 bits /sample.48 KHz with up to 24 bits /sample. Uses D5 video cassettes.Uses D5 video cassettes. Make: PANASONIC.Make: PANASONIC.


HDCAMHDCAM 1920x1080 is down sampled to 1440x1080.1920x1080 is down sampled to 1440x1080. After DCT compression the recorded bit rate is 144 After DCT compression the recorded bit rate is 144

Mbps.Mbps. Can record 4 channels of AES/EBU 20 bit / 48 KHz Can record 4 channels of AES/EBU 20 bit / 48 KHz

digital audio.digital audio. Tapes are provided in small and large cassette sizes.Tapes are provided in small and large cassette sizes. Make : SONY.Make : SONY.


DVB Standards for HDTV.DVB Standards for HDTV.Video Coding.Video Coding.

A. A. Using MPEG-2 MP@HLUsing MPEG-2 MP@HL > Aspect Ratio 16:9.> Aspect Ratio 16:9. > Luminance Resolution 1080 Lines X 1920 samples > Luminance Resolution 1080 Lines X 1920 samples

per lineper line > Frame Rate : 25Hz -2 interlaced fields/Frame.> Frame Rate : 25Hz -2 interlaced fields/Frame. > 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 Down sampling as in SDTV.> 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 Down sampling as in SDTV. > Maximum Compressed Bit rate 80 M bits/s.> Maximum Compressed Bit rate 80 M bits/s.


DVB Standards for HDTVDVB Standards for HDTVAudio CodingAudio Coding

Surround sound is an integral component of HDTV Surround sound is an integral component of HDTV experience .Available Audio systems:experience .Available Audio systems:

Dolby Digital (Also known AC 3 ).Dolby Digital (Also known AC 3 ). Dolby Digital Plus (Enhanced AC 3 ).Dolby Digital Plus (Enhanced AC 3 ). MPEG-4 HE AAC V 2MPEG-4 HE AAC V 2 DTS (Digital Theater System).DTS (Digital Theater System).


Thank Thank You.You.

Documents

Introduction to HDTV