Introduction to Greek and Roman HistoryLecture 6

After the Persian Wars: Athens as an emerging power

Monuments of War

• TheBattle of Marathon:Epitaph of Aeschylus; who fought at Marathon:The glorious grove of Marathon can tell of his Valour-as can the long haired Persian…”(found in Gela where he died).Date of inscription: disputed.

Herodotus Book 6. Records death of 192 Greeks, whose names were inscribed on the Battlefield.

Battle at Salamis: Themistocles Decree< On Troezen:Orders evacuation of citizens of Athens & Mobilisation of Greek forces. > Date: Disputed 3rd century BC copy

Simonides’ epitaph for the warriors of Thermopylae: Ὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδεκείμεθα, τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι. ‘Stranger, go and to the Spartans tell, that here obedient to their laws, we fell’

The Battle at Thermopylae 480BC

Dedicated at DelphiListing the names of 31 city states set up after the battle Platea,

History in piecesBronze Snake Victory

Monument

Snake Head: @ Istanbul Archaeology Museums

Tripod base: at Delphi

Serpent Column:Instanbul

Serpentine Monument ca. 479 BC.Commemorating the victory at Plataea (originally in Delphi,

moved by Constantine to his Hippodrome in AD 324.

Arranged by numbers of soldiers contributed to the battle (Sparta, Athens and Corinth were first). Numbers taken from Herodotus, Histories 9.81.Seventh coil: ……

Tenians 200?---Sixth coil: Naxians (unreadable)

Eretrians 300?Chalcidians 400

Delos and the Ionian syngheneiaHomeric hymn to Apollo (III), 146-149

Phoebus, in Delos do you most delight your heart; for there the long robed Ionians gather in your honor with their children and shy wives: with boxing and dancing and song

Delos

Distirct

Polis

Aparchai

454: The new Delian League

Athens Urban Plan

Phidias showing the freeze of the Parthenon

Carytids and the Statue of Athena Parthenos

Carytids and the Statue of Athena Parthenos

Pericles & Athens

West & East Pediments of the Parthenon

• EE

Sculptures from the Parthenon (now at the British Museum)

Pediment sculpture Centuaromachy

Temple of Zeus at Olympia

Classical Architecture: Temple of Zeus PlanClassical Architecture: Temple of Zeus Plan

Pediment of Zeus Olympios

Urban Landscape of Zeus at OlympiaUrban Landscape of Zeus at Olympia

The Pythian oracle at Delphi

The Treasury at Delphi

Snake Victory Monument

Thucydides & the Peloponnesian Wars Thucydides & the Peloponnesian Wars

Allies and Allegiances in the second half of the 5th century BCAllies and Allegiances in the second half of the 5th century BC

The Archidamian War, 431-421

Naupactus

Corcyra (Korfu)

431: The Thebans take Plataea

Plataea

Demosthenes Victory at Sphakteria425 BC

Demosthenes Victory at Sphakteria425 BC

Sicily, 415-413

Battle at Syracuse 415-413 BCBattle at Syracuse 415-413 BC

Alscibiades (from the Capitoline Musuem)

Tissaphernes

Thuc. VIII.6The King had lately called upon him for the tribute from his government, for which he was in arrears, being unable to raise it from the Hellenic towns by reason of the Athenians; and he therefore calculated that by weakening the Athenians he should get the tribute better paid, and should also draw the Lacedaemonians into alliance with the King; and by this means, as the King had commanded him, take alive or dead Amorges, the bastard son of Pissuthnes, who was in rebellion on the coast of Caria.