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Teaching Of Listening and Speaking

Introduction

Teaching

Listening &

Speaking

differencesbetween

spoken and

written

language

what does

listeningcomprehension

involve?

what does

learning to

speak involve?

why teach

listening and

speaking?

principles of

teachinglistening and

speaking?

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Differences between Spoken and Written Language

More

informal

Spoken

language

Simple

conjunctions

Rephrased

Shorter

sentences

Simple sentences

structures and

vocabulary

Spontaneous

and less

organized

More

repetition ofwords,

phrases, ideas

Often contains

false starts and

hesitations

Contractions

More

formal

Written

language

Reader

often not

present attime of

writing

Longer

sentences

More complex

sentences structures

and vocabulary

Well-organized

time for planning

Less repetitious

of ideas andlanguage

Sophisticated

conjunctions used to

combine sentences

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What Does Listening Comprehension Involves?

Bottom-up

Processing

Top-down

Processing

Listener hears sth

Doesnt trigger anything in his previous

knowledge

Identifies the sounds he hears, segments them

into words, phrases then sentences

Understands the message

The listener creates meaning inseparate stages starting from thesounds, moving on to words and larger

units

This kind of processing is harder When we are learning a new language,

we often have to process what we hear

in this manner

Listener hears sth

Reminds him of sth in his previous knowledge

Predicts what information he is likely to hear

Understand the message

The listener relates what he alreadyknows to what he is about to hear

This will help him to understand what hehears better

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what does

learning to

speak

involve?

learningfunctions

acquiring

linguisticabilitty

learningautomaticity

of response

learningsocial

appropriacy

acquiring

topic-relatedlanguage

Why teach

listening?

Important in

our daily

lives

Unique

aspects

Important for

developing

speaking skills

Why teach

speaking?

Create

awareness

and

opportunity

to practice

Develop

effective

communication

skills

Certain

speaking skills

doesnt

develop on its

own

Motivate

learners

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principles

of

teaching

listening

understanding

of task

provide contextfor listening

purpose

pre-listening

activities

set suitable

task to the levelof ability

arrange

questions inthe order

minimum

writing

number of

times pupilswill listen

quality of tape

disctinct voicedifferences

suitable time-not noisy

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principles

of teaching

speaking

pupil is a person-

be sensitive

maintain

balance btwn

accuracy and

fluency

good model for

pupils to imitate

suitable

stimuli&enough

time for

preparation

vary interaction

mode

give clear

instructions

monitor pupils'

activity