Intrapersonal Communication

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Intrapersonal Communication

Diyah Ayu Amalia Avina M.Si Avina.lecture.ub.ac.id

Intrapersonal ?

Definition of INTRAPERSONAL

: occurring within the individual mind or self <intrapersonal concerns of the aged>

<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intrapersonal>

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication with ourselves or our self talk (Wood, 2001 p 26)

Related with thinking – information processing

Intrapersonal communication?

Information processing within oneself

Stimulus • Receivin

g information

Processing Storage Recall

Intrapersonal communication : a Process

Sensation

Perception

Memory

Thinking

Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single person, often for the purpose of clarifying ideas or analyzing a situation.

Other times, intrapersonal communication is undertaken in order to reflect upon or appreciate something.

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Sensation

Catching or gathering stimulusPart of perception

Sensation refers the immediate response of our sensory receptors

(eyes, ears, nose, mouth, finger) to basic stimuli such as light, color,

sound, odor, and texture(Solomon. 2004:45)

SENSATION

Type of stimulus

Internal

starve

Tootache

Remember about something

External

watching infotainment

Listen to someone else who give you

an order www.themegallery.com

Sensory system

Vision

smell

Sound

Touch

taste

• Colourful, fancy : – younger feel ;• red – passsion ,lust• ; pink – romance; yellow—happy, spirit-

starve ; blue – relaxing, positive feeling of the future, etc

psychology of

Colour

• mourn=• black –west countries ; white – east

countries

culture (learned association)

• woman – mostly bright colour ; oattern sensitive

• Age – adults (older people) has limiatation of ability to see the colour ex – old people choose white car (LEXUS = 60% WHITE)

biological

• Smell creates emotion and feelings

• Ex :• aromatherapy for relaxation • Food aroma create hunger

feelings• Thinking the other - based on

memories

smell

• Level of wordiness, intonation, pitch, melody give a different sensation for a person

• Ex :• Soundtrack of movies : romantic

feelings, • Sound efect :

• Music at department stores consumer feel relax but give a stimuli to keep shooping.

sound

• Sensation when you touch somehing

• ex :• What do you feel when your

boyfriend touch your hand ? • Test drive• Touch the fabrics

Touch / taxtile

• Sweet, sour, salty,

• Ex : toothpaste for children : strawberry taste

• Adults : mint

taste

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PerceptionPerception is the process by

which these sensation are selected, organized, and

interpreted. (Solomon, 2004:45)

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

Perception Process

www.themegallery.com

Whats wrong? Perception or Sensation ?

Factor that affect perception

Factor that affect

perception

attention

Fuctional factor

Structural factor



What Do You See?

1. attention

Mental process when one of stimuli has dominate in a person mind

Perceptual Selectivity - we notice only a small amount of what's out there, utilizing Perceptual Filters

Perceptual Vigilance - we tend to notice things immediately important to us

Perceptual Defence - we don't see what we don't want to see


stimuli

Eksternal(stimulus selection

factor)

Moving object

stimuli intensity (terlihat menonjol)

Novelty(kebaruan),

repetition

Internal(personal selection factor)

biologyPhysical condition mind

sosiopsikologis sosiogenis motive selective attention

Adaptation

Whether we notice things differently or even continue to notice them at all over time depends on how it registers with us in terms of

intensity duration

discrimination exposure

relevance

How much we notice and react to something also depends on the thing itself; its :

size colour position

novelty

2. Functional Factor

Functional factor (personal factor ), based on the characteristic of a person who give response based on his/her past experience

ex : @restaurant– 1. hungry 2.

thirsty – looking for a different menu

Which one is bigger?

3. Structural factor

Based on physical stimuli and neuron effect

Gestalt theory : if some one has perception about something, he/her percepting it as the whole thing

Organizing and interpretating erceptual and cognition (Krech dan Crutchfield)


example

Beautiful artist still beautiful even sh didn’t us a make up?

Ugly artist If we tought that someone is ugly, we will say “she’s so ugly, otherwise she didn’t wear a make up)

example

Police man who steal something is more bad and pathetic than a regular burglar.

struktural factor from communication material that affected people : Size : bigger is better – give more attention to a bigger

thing Position : left and right rightposition is better Colour : coloured material is more attractive than B/W

material Contrast affected empowering the messages

Perception : a basic Factor

Stereotype

Selectivity

Self concept

situational

Needs (and want)

emotion

stereotype

What people think about “Fixed pattern” for certain object characteristic.

Usually for negative meaning

selectivity

Selective perception because brain only can process several information – not all. It’s only choose the information that attractive to this person

Car :

Brand name

Technical spesification

Colour

-body

- interior

Self concept

the beliefs a person holds about his or her own attribute and how he or she evaluates these qualities.

self concept : basically, a person has an individual attribute, a standar / ideal self that he/her think it should be appear on themselves, and evaluate the quality of thim/her actual attribute

Self concept

Actual

How someone think about him/her self.

Their personal thinking about how other people think

about him/her selves. (related with multiple

selves)

Ideal

A pattarn that someobe think they

should look alike (related by colective

selves)

MULTIPLE SELVES

We have as many selves as we do in different social roles.

Collective self where the person’s identity is derived in

large measure from his or her social group

Ex: beauty white skin, bright eye

SELF ESTEEM

The positive of a person’s self concept vs low self esteem

Ex : feel confidence about herself vs cosmetic /plastic surgery addicted

FANTASY

Basically : people wanted to be look like their ideal concept

Gap bringing a prospect to fulfill the gap consume something

Situational factor

need (and wants)

Need : urgent – should be fulfilled

Want : something that people attracted and wanted to have or to do

Emotion

Psycological factors of a person feeling

INTERPRETATION

Interpretation refers to the meaning what we give for sensory stimuli (Solomon.2004:69).

a meaning from stimuli that we get Different background- different ability to

understand the stimuli- different interpretation

Interpretation..(2)

interpretation

Stimulus Organization

The eye of the Beholder :

Interpretational Biases

Semiotics : The symbol around us

Perceptual Positioning

A. Stimulus organization Gestalt psychology

Closure

Similarity

Figure/Ground

• asks us to mentally complete a picture

Closure

• is a technique we use from our earliest days to help us remember something by how it's like something else we already know

Similarity

• implies a situation where the subject stands out easily against the background; this can be visual, or as understood by any of the other senses

Figure/Ground

Bias - The Eye of the Beholder – the potential for bias in interpretation is huge; at the

base of all advertising strategies is the question, "How will the potential buyer interpret it?"

Symbols and Semiotics

OBJECT

SIGN (how is it depicted?)

INTERPRETANT (meaning)

√

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MEMORYStorage process

Keep the information

Sistem memory

sensory memory

short term memory

long term memory

MEMORY

Type of memory

Pengingatan (recall)

Pengenalan (recognition)

Belajar lagi (relearning)Redintegrasi

(redintegration)


Theories of Memory

theories

Disuse theory (teori aus)

Interference Theory

Information processing

theory

disuse theory (Teori Aus)

Loosing memory because of time

Memory such like muscle – getting stronger if we continuing practicing

Exercise :

do you remember something happen when you 7 yo ?

Do you remember all of last semester subject materials ?

(Interference Theory)

Retroactive inhibition – only remember the newest things

Proactive inhibition

To much “things” to remember = its easy to forget

Ex : its hard to remember words in thesaurus / dictionary

Memory is such like canvas --

The second / next record looses the previous records – interference

information processing theory

Human brain = Computer

Sensory memory short term memory long term memory or RETRIEVAL VS FORGET /DECAY

Retrieval is a factor of

Age

State-Dependent Retrieval

Familiarity What's it like that you already know?

SalienceHow much does it stick out

in your mind as being important?

Pictorial vs Verbal Clues

Easier to remember what it looks like

(most of us are visual learners)

Forgetting caused

by :

Decay

Proactive interference:

Retroactive interference :

Partial list cueing:

• When we didn’t use something, we forget it

• Ex : run out soap – go to supermarket – forget what we shall buy

Decay

• We decide not to remember

• Ex :• broken heart and it’s time to move

on• Smoker prefer to forget the effect of

smoking

Proactive Interference

• New learning wipes out old

• Ex : study psychology of communication = only remember the last lessons

Retroactive Interference

• unspoken and unatractive things will difficult to remember

• Ex : unatractive girl in the class room•

Partial list cueing:

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thinking

thinking


Thinking


THINKING

PROCESS TO DECIDE THE MAIN POINTS / BRIEFLY RESULTS (Anita Taylor)

THINKING reality understanding for

decision making, problem solving, Find out / makes something

new (creativity)

THINKING

ThinkingAutistics thinking

realistics(reasoning)

BERPIKIR

Berpikir

Berpikir autistik:

melarikan diri dari kenyataan, melihat hidup sebagai gambar- gambar fantastis, mengkhayal,

whisful thinking

Berpikir realistik(nalar reasoning):

menyesuaikan diri dengan dunia nyata.

Macam: Deduktif (umum – khusus;

silogisme), induktif (khusus- umum; di akhir terdapat generalisasi), Evaluatif (kritis, menilai baik

buruk,tepat atau tidak).

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DECISION MAKING(introduction)

Menetapkan keputusan

Menetapkan keputusan (decision making), tanda umum:

1. Keputusan: hasil berpikir, hasil usaha intelektual2. Keputusan selalu melibatkan pilihan dari berbagai

alternatif3. Keputusan selalu melibatkan tindakan nyata,

walaupun pelaksanaannya boleh ditangguhkan/ dilupakan

Menetapkan keputusan

Faktor yang menentukan:

Kognisi: kualitas dan kuantitas

pengetahuan yang dimiliki

Motif: tujuan yang ingin diraih

Sikap: positif/ negatif

Decision Making : Basic Principt

Problem solving Rational Hedonic benefits

John Dewey (dalam Engel et.al, 1995 : 45),

Process of Decision Making

case

Find out a basic memories (tries to

find out an effective problem solving

method from past experiences

Think any possibilities / alternatives

Making a deep understanding of situation, solution

and choosing conclusion

Aha moments/ insight solution

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Three basic aspects of intrapersonal communication

Three basic aspects of intrapersonal

communication

self- concept

perceptio

n

expectation.

1. Self Concept(Self awareness)

Definition how a persona sees

him/herself and how it is oriented toward others.

internally focuses

Related to self esteem

Three factor of self concept

beliefs Values

Attitude

Self esteem

Exercise : If You’ve got D at Psychology of communication subject. What do you think about your self – (positive / negative?)

explain briefly

How people think about him/her self

It is also connected with :

beliefs Values

Attitude

• basic personal orientation toward true or false, good or bad; beliefs can be descriptive or prescriptive.

Beliefs

• deep-seated orientations and ideals, generally based on and consistent with beliefs, about right and wrong ideas and actions.

Values

• learned predisposition toward or against a topic, ideals that stem from and generally are consistent with values. Attitudes often are global, typically emotional.

Attitudes

Beliefs, values and attitudes all influence BEHAVIOUR , which can be either spoken opinion or physical action

2. Perception WHAT DO YOU THINK?

“Words don’t mean; people mean”

2. Perception

External orientation – looking forward

The way people view the world – affect people interpretation of communication stimulus (berko, wolvin, and wolvin 2001: p 6)

Rooted in beliefs, values and atttitude

exercise

What is the most terrible things that happened to you? what do you think about it? What its impact to you

Remember the last movies or tvc ads that you saw recently. What is your perception about it?

Perception : a process

Check the material above this chapter

3.Expectation

expectations are future-oriented messages dealing with long-term roles, sometimes called life scripts.

These sometimes are projections of learned relationships within the family or society.

Exercise : What is your

expectation when choosing psychology of communication as subject study ?

Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal

communication

Internal discourse

Solo vocal communicati

on

Solo written communication•

Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal

communication .. (1)

• involves thinking, concentration and analysis.

• Psychologists include both daydreaming and nocturnal dreaming in this category. Prayer, contemplation and meditation also are part of this category,

• though from a theological point of view the argument may be made that this is not solely internal to one person. In Sufi tradition, this is similar to the concept of nafs, negotiating with the inner self.

• Example: Consciously appreciating the beauty of a sunset.

Internal discourse

Different level of communication activity at intrapersonal communication(2&3)

• includes speaking aloud to oneself.• This may be done to clarify thinking, to

rehearse a message intended for others, or simply to let off steam

• . Example: Talking to yourself as you complain about your boss.

Solo vocal communication

• deals with writing not intended for others. • Example: An entry in a diary or personal

journal.

Solo written communication

Example : SELF TALK

positive Be patient, let training take

over

Patience, don’t rush

Relax, restructure, reactivate

Patience, I’m better than that

Trust the preparation

negative Too much pressure

Want a quick finish

“this isn’t going to plan”

Getting shouted at Zone it out

Panicking Feeling tired/ weak

http://www.thesportinmind.com/articles/self-talk/

Source :

Wood, Julia T. 2001. Communication Mosaics. Thomson Learning :Belmont CA

Berko,R. Wolvin,A. Wolvin, D.2001 Communicating : eight edition. Houghton Mifflin Company :NY

smith.2014. Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication. Viewed 24 February 2014

<faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE/socommunication/unit4/pdf>

http://www.yorku.ca/lripley/cbUlearn.htm

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Intrapersonal Communication