Interprofessional Interprofessional PracticePractice

Promoting Partnerships Promoting Partnerships

in in

HealthHealth

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Define Interprofessional Define Interprofessional PracticePractice

Drivers of IPPDrivers of IPP

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

Examples of IPPExamples of IPP

Being Professional today Being Professional today means being hellipmeans being hellip

InterprofessionalInterprofessional

InterInter-- between across beyond between across beyond

--professionalprofessional-- a way of behaving a way of behaving

Types of TeamsTypes of Teams

bull MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary

bull InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

bull TransdisciplinaryTransdisciplinary

Interprofessional TeamsInterprofessional Teams

bull An interprofessional team is made up of An interprofessional team is made up of members of different professions and members of different professions and positionspositions

bull Individuals bring to the team the Individuals bring to the team the specialised knowledge skills methods specialised knowledge skills methods and attitudes of their disciplinesand attitudes of their disciplines

bull Members integrate their observations Members integrate their observations bodies of expertise and spheres of bodies of expertise and spheres of decision making to coordinate decision making to coordinate collaborate and communicate to collaborate and communicate to optimise client careoptimise client care

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Define Interprofessional Define Interprofessional PracticePractice

Drivers of IPPDrivers of IPP

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

Examples of IPPExamples of IPP

Being Professional today Being Professional today means being hellipmeans being hellip

InterprofessionalInterprofessional

InterInter-- between across beyond between across beyond

--professionalprofessional-- a way of behaving a way of behaving

Types of TeamsTypes of Teams

bull MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary

bull InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

bull TransdisciplinaryTransdisciplinary

Interprofessional TeamsInterprofessional Teams

bull An interprofessional team is made up of An interprofessional team is made up of members of different professions and members of different professions and positionspositions

bull Individuals bring to the team the Individuals bring to the team the specialised knowledge skills methods specialised knowledge skills methods and attitudes of their disciplinesand attitudes of their disciplines

bull Members integrate their observations Members integrate their observations bodies of expertise and spheres of bodies of expertise and spheres of decision making to coordinate decision making to coordinate collaborate and communicate to collaborate and communicate to optimise client careoptimise client care

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Being Professional today Being Professional today means being hellipmeans being hellip

InterprofessionalInterprofessional

InterInter-- between across beyond between across beyond

--professionalprofessional-- a way of behaving a way of behaving

Types of TeamsTypes of Teams

bull MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary

bull InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

bull TransdisciplinaryTransdisciplinary

Interprofessional TeamsInterprofessional Teams

bull An interprofessional team is made up of An interprofessional team is made up of members of different professions and members of different professions and positionspositions

bull Individuals bring to the team the Individuals bring to the team the specialised knowledge skills methods specialised knowledge skills methods and attitudes of their disciplinesand attitudes of their disciplines

bull Members integrate their observations Members integrate their observations bodies of expertise and spheres of bodies of expertise and spheres of decision making to coordinate decision making to coordinate collaborate and communicate to collaborate and communicate to optimise client careoptimise client care

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Types of TeamsTypes of Teams

bull MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary

bull InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary

bull TransdisciplinaryTransdisciplinary

Interprofessional TeamsInterprofessional Teams

bull An interprofessional team is made up of An interprofessional team is made up of members of different professions and members of different professions and positionspositions

bull Individuals bring to the team the Individuals bring to the team the specialised knowledge skills methods specialised knowledge skills methods and attitudes of their disciplinesand attitudes of their disciplines

bull Members integrate their observations Members integrate their observations bodies of expertise and spheres of bodies of expertise and spheres of decision making to coordinate decision making to coordinate collaborate and communicate to collaborate and communicate to optimise client careoptimise client care

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional TeamsInterprofessional Teams

bull An interprofessional team is made up of An interprofessional team is made up of members of different professions and members of different professions and positionspositions

bull Individuals bring to the team the Individuals bring to the team the specialised knowledge skills methods specialised knowledge skills methods and attitudes of their disciplinesand attitudes of their disciplines

bull Members integrate their observations Members integrate their observations bodies of expertise and spheres of bodies of expertise and spheres of decision making to coordinate decision making to coordinate collaborate and communicate to collaborate and communicate to optimise client careoptimise client care

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Working Together for Working Together for HealthHealth

World Health Report 2006World Health Report 2006bull Shift from tertiary hospital to patient Shift from tertiary hospital to patient

centred home based and team driven centred home based and team driven carecare

bull Increasing incidence of chronic Increasing incidence of chronic conditionsconditions

bull Core competencies include patient Core competencies include patient centred care partnering quality centred care partnering quality improvement information and improvement information and communication technology and a public communication technology and a public health perspectivehealth perspective

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Bio-psycho-social ModelBio-psycho-social Model(Roberts 1994)(Roberts 1994)

lsquolsquothe human being as a complex mix of internal physical psychologic social and cultural variables living within an equally dynamic environmental mixture of social cultural interpersonal economic and political variablesrsquorsquo

(Kielhofner 1985 as cited in Peloquin 1997 p 167)

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional Team Multidisciplinary Team

(Sheehan et al 2007)Cooperative work Cooperative work common common understandings and understandings and goalsgoals

Worked in parallel Worked in parallel noticed others noticed others contributions passed contributions passed on informationon information

Commitment to joint Commitment to joint communication communication genuine valuing and genuine valuing and interestinterest

Clinical decision Clinical decision making drew on other making drew on other health professionals health professionals informationinformation

Clear communication Clear communication processes and processes and understanding of understanding of rolesroles

Lack of common Lack of common understanding of understanding of patient management patient management issuesissues

Language inclusive Language inclusive frequent use of lsquowersquo frequent use of lsquowersquo and lsquoteamrsquoand lsquoteamrsquo

Minimal use of Minimal use of inclusive language inclusive language but all contributions but all contributions valuedvalued

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

National Patient Safety National Patient Safety Data (2006)Data (2006)((Nisbet 2007)Nisbet 2007)

Contributing factorContributing factor WAWA NSNSWW

QLQLDD

Policy amp Procedure 2626

2525 2323

Communication 2323

2525 2020

Human factors (schedulingtraining)

1818

1414 2020

Information (availabilitycompleteness)

1313

1212

Knowledge amp skills 1818

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Tragedies in Tragedies in CollaborationCollaboration

Bristol inquiryBristol inquiry

Kennedy ReportKennedy Report

Victoria ClimbeacuteVictoria Climbeacute

Laming ReportLaming Report

ldquoldquoEvery Child MattersrsquoEvery Child Mattersrsquo

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Patient Client Service Patient Client Service UserUser

Identify a situation where you have Identify a situation where you have been a service userbeen a service user

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Community Rehab Community Rehab ServicesServices

ndashTo maximise independence and community participation

ndashTo achieve durable outcomes and improved quality of life for clients

ndashTo reduce admissions and re-admissions

ndashTo improve continuity of care

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Barriers to IPPBarriers to IPP

bull Differences in history and cultureDifferences in history and culturebull Historical interprofessional and Historical interprofessional and

intraprofessional rivalriesintraprofessional rivalriesbull Differences in language and jargonDifferences in language and jargonbull Differing professional routinesDiffering professional routinesbull Varying levels of preparation Varying levels of preparation

qualifications and statusqualifications and statusbull Fears of diluted professional identityFears of diluted professional identity

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Professional Cultures Professional Cultures

Culture the social heritage of a Culture the social heritage of a communitycommunity

Values beliefs attitudes customs and Values beliefs attitudes customs and behavioursbehaviours

bull Autonomy bull Beneficencebull Confidentialitybull Dilemma bull Dutybull Ethicsbull Fidelity

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Professional CultureProfessional Culture

bull Justice

bull Morality

bull Non-malfeasance bull Veracity

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

StereotypesStereotypes

Stereotyping is a natural human process

Positive guide their intergroup behavioursefficiently deal with an outgroup with

minimum expenditure of energy

Negative generate false or negative expectations of another groupsrsquo attitudes or behaviours

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Stereotypes in Health Stereotypes in Health CareCare

ldquoldquoMany allied health professionals work with Many allied health professionals work with patients for episodes of care They have a patients for episodes of care They have a distinct and purposive range of activities that distinct and purposive range of activities that can be easily explained and their contribution can be easily explained and their contribution to patient care within the team can be clearly to patient care within the team can be clearly demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002demarcatedrdquo Scholes 2002

ldquoldquoI see the occupational therapist as someone I see the occupational therapist as someone who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one who walks around with a roll of Velcro in one hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think hand and a lump of Blutak in the other I think they try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquothey try and stick Velcro anywhere they canrdquo

ldquoldquoThe doctors do what the consultants do which The doctors do what the consultants do which is to be standoffish and give very vague is to be standoffish and give very vague answers to your question in a rather imperial answers to your question in a rather imperial mannerrdquomannerrdquo

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Health Care StereotypesHealth Care Stereotypes

Nursing MedicinePhysiotherapistsOccupational TherapistsSpeech PathologistsPharmacistsDentists

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Granny DraggersGranny Draggers

Physio terroristsPhysio terrorists

Massage Therapists

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Changing Health Changing Health ProfessionsProfessions

1048633 Move from traditional inward-looking reactive culture to outward-looking proactive culture

1048633 Shift from profession-centred to patient-centred culture

1048633 Blurring professional boundaries1048633 Changes in law re scope of

practiceresponsibilities1048633 Increased expectations of interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice1048633 Focus on evidence-informed practice1048633 Increasing demands for

accountabilitytransparency1048633 Internationalization

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Professional Cultures as Professional Cultures as BarriersBarriers

bull Social work perspective Problem Social work perspective Problem externalexternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the worldworld

bull Health care perspective Problem Health care perspective Problem internalinternal

∆ ∆ Change the Change the personperson

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Policy driversPolicy driversThe Multidisciplinary Health Team must adopt

interprofessional practice to address

bull the changing needs of the population the changing needs of the population bull changes in the incidence and changes in the incidence and treatment of disease treatment of disease

bull changes in technology and changes in technology and bullchanges in consumer expectationschanges in consumer expectations

WHO Framework for Action 2010WHO Framework for Action 2010The World Health Organization recognizes interprofessional

collaboration in education and practice as an innovative strategy that will play an important role in mitigating the global health crisis

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Collaborative Skills for Collaborative Skills for TeamworkTeamwork

bull CooperationCooperationbull AssertivenessAssertivenessbull ResponsibilityResponsibilitybull CommunicationCommunicationbull AutonomyAutonomybull CoordinationCoordination

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional Interprofessional competenciescompetencies

bullInterpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bullPatientClient Service user ndashPatientClient Service user ndashcentred and Family focussed centred and Family focussed care (Relationship-based care (Relationship-based care)care)

bullCollaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interpersonal and Interpersonal and Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

bull I effectively express my own I effectively express my own knowledge and opinions to others knowledge and opinions to others involved in careinvolved in care

bull I actively listen to the knowledge and I actively listen to the knowledge and opinions of other team membersopinions of other team members

bull I use information systems and I use information systems and technology to exchange relevant technology to exchange relevant information among all professionals information among all professionals to improve careto improve care

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Relationship-based CareRelationship-based Care

bull I involve the service user and family I involve the service user and family (carers) in group decision making (carers) in group decision making processesprocesses

bull I ensure continuous integration of I ensure continuous integration of service users and families (carers) in service users and families (carers) in the team in order to maintain optimal the team in order to maintain optimal evolving careevolving care

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Collaborative PracticeCollaborative Practice

bull I take part in and support I take part in and support

collaborative decision-makingcollaborative decision-makingbull I understand and respect roles and I understand and respect roles and

responsibilitiesresponsibilitiesbull I actively contribute to team I actively contribute to team

functioningfunctioningbull I participate actively in continuous I participate actively in continuous

quality improvementquality improvement

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

CR Interdisciplinary Competencies

1 Frameworks of understanding

2 Networks and teams-collaborative practice

3 Cultural awareness

4 Holistic focus

5 Consumer engagement

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

ICF ICF (WHO 2001 p18)(WHO 2001 p18)

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

CR Interdisciplinary CR Interdisciplinary CompetenciesCompetencies

6 Service continuity

7 Reflective practice

8 Community engagement

9 Boundaries and personal safety

10 Systems advocacy

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional Interprofessional EducationEducation

Interprofessional EducationInterprofessional Education (IPE)(IPE) ldquooccasions where 2 or more professions

learn with from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of carerdquo

ldquo hellip lack of coordination between the education and health areas of government leading to mismatches between education and training places and service delivery requirementsrdquo Productivity Research Report (2005pxxiv)

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Childrens ServicesChildrens Services

bull Multi-agency working acknowledges the Multi-agency working acknowledges the inter-relatedness of family needs in the inter-relatedness of family needs in the fields of health social services law fields of health social services law enforcement child welfare housing and enforcement child welfare housing and educationeducation

there is a terrible danger here ndash is there there is a terrible danger here ndash is there not doctor ndash of social services on the one not doctor ndash of social services on the one hand and you on the other each expecting hand and you on the other each expecting the other to do the investigation with the the other to do the investigation with the result that nobody doesresult that nobody does

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

IP amp Palliative CareIP amp Palliative Care

Origins of palliative care lie in Origins of palliative care lie in religious care and nursing rather religious care and nursing rather than medicine than medicine (Crawford amp Price 2001)(Crawford amp Price 2001)

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Community Community RehabilitationRehabilitation

Holistic frameworkHolistic framework

Consumer DrivenConsumer Driven

Advocacy RoleAdvocacy Role

Seamless ServiceSeamless Service

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional Practice Interprofessional Practice in Healthin Health

Interprofessional Practice is a Interprofessional Practice is a partnership between a team of partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a health professionals and a client in a participatory collaborative and participatory collaborative and coordinated approach to shared coordinated approach to shared decision making around health issuesdecision making around health issues

Together everyone achieves moreTogether everyone achieves more

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Interprofessional practice Interprofessional practice is reaching out beyond the is reaching out beyond the

teamteam

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Point 6 APA Code of Point 6 APA Code of ConductConduct

APA members must communicate and cooperate

with colleagues and relevant agencies in the best interests of their clients and the wider community

Members shall collaborate professionally with

all relevant providers to achieve optimal client

outcomes

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

Longstanding fragmentation of health service delivery and the global health workforce shortage make collaborative teamwork an imperative

The drive for collaborative teamwork is a World Health Organisation priority for action

Collaborative teamwork is a sophisticated skill and some individuals are better at it than others others may need staff development

The main challenges to collaborative teamwork are understanding othersrsquo roles and effective communication

If quality care is the goal for patients and families clinical competence must be balanced with collaborative competence

Strategies to improve the effectiveness of service delivery need to be political organisational and professional

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen

APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct APA (2008) APA Code of Conduct httpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdfhttpwwwphysiotherapyasnauimagesAPA_Corporate_Documentsapa_code_of_conductpdf

Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004Australian Health Ministers Conference National Health Workforce Strategic Framework 2004

Beauchamp T L amp Childress J F (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed) New York Oxford University Press

Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Crawford G amp Price S (2003)Team working palliative care as a model of interdisciplinary practice MJA179 S32ndashS34

Hindle D Braithwaite J Travaglia J amp Iedema R (2006) Patient Safety A comparative analysis of eight enquiries in six countries httpwwwcechealthnswgovaufilespatient-safetypublicationspatient-safety-reportpdf

Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) Meads G amp Ashcroft J (2005) The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social The Case for Interprofessional Collaboration In Health and Social CareCare CAIPE Blackwell Publishing CAIPE Blackwell Publishing

Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective Nisbet J (2007) Interprofessional Learning the Australian Perspective httpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_NisbetpdfhttpwwwclinicalsenatehealthwagovaupresentationsdocAug07_Nisbetpdf

Roberts P (1994) Theoretical models of physiotherapy Physiotherapy 80 361-6

Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Scholes J (2002) Cross-boundary working implications for the multiprofessional team Journal of Journal of Clinical NursingClinical Nursing 11 (3) 399-408 11 (3) 399-408

Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of Sheehan D Robertson L amp Ormond T (2007) Comparison of language used and patterns of communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams communication in interprofessional and multidisciplinary teams Journal of Interprofessional Journal of Interprofessional CareCare21 (1) 17-3021 (1) 17-30

World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and World Health Organisation (2010) Framework for Action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice collaborative practice httpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionenhttpwwwwhointhrhresourcesframework_actionen