-
"!
#
$&%('()+*,"'-
#
,"'/.10243+5/,76985/);:=A@B2DC5/)FE56>AG95/)
H
*IKJL,">M7M
N
>
#
>AGPO4>A,RQ=2TSU(U(V
-
W XZY\[]_^`Y
aTbcedLfhgAgjicedklf(gnm/oqpm/rsotcepuvcwkxygnpzpm/{c|x7k}o1cegn{~md1ce{~o1bu{Aotu1{uyo7uRTtgnotuRotbced
f(ggjigjk}oreu7kldtoo1btuu1u"kld1gj{d7cetd1o1reAuLmd1uo1bu{otu1{/uoLo1gxgjpzpm{cex7k}o1uk}{v
bhk"juv/gn{u4dtgTgjpk}{nu"kl1d"D{xtu7kldtcs{/nrey
u;h{vLgnmtd1urejudDmd1ce{TceokldDk1u/rk}xup~u{Ao
gjotbuTo1uyrsuybgn{/unjgnDxgj{Autu{xce{kl{vgnDvuyrsceju1ce{Lxrwkldtd1udTkl{/vRdtupzce{hk}1dDo1gL1uypzgnotu
hk}1o1cexcehk}{Ao1d7uRotbce{io1b(klootbcedqcedotbuTk"o1bhk}oLxgnp~pm{cex7klotcegn{zTcererDfhuklxbceujuv
ce{zju{uklr?gnTkTcevunkl1ceuog};k}
recex7klotcsgj{d4ce{zotbumotm1un(kl{vuur=o1bhk}o
otbcedTAcsuy9ced
gn1otb1u7k}vce{klf(gnmo"Auyxgn{v/rsAj u
gj1ics{uyvmx7k}o1cegn{kl{votu7klxbzdto1mv/u{Ao1dklf(gnm/o4o1bu
tcs{/xcereudf(ubce{vxgjpzpm{cex7k}o1cegn{k}{vpmreo1cepuvcwk/hkl{/vk}{otuvo1gd1bhk}1uo1b/uzcevu7k}d
kl{/vuArwkl{hk}o1cegn{dTcsotbkf1gAklvu1u"klvutd1bceo1bhk}{mdtoo1b/uzd1otmvu{AotdRTbg1u7k}vPgnm/
{gjo1ud" =ce{hklrere}
ukltuRklrer(ce{jgnrenuyvzce{ztud1u7k}1xbce{kl{vvujuregnce{{Aotu1{uyotgno1gAxgjred
kl{/vpzuxbhk}{ced1p~dTo1gzcep~1gljuqpm/rsotcepuvcwkLxgjpzpm{cex7k}o1cegn{zk}
recex7klotcegn{dk}{vdtu1Acexud"
kl{/vTkl{Aotuvo1guArwklce{o1buLd1oklotuglDo1buRk}1ok}{vzot1u{v/do1gzkTcevuyklmvceu{/xun
=zzT
aTbcedTf(ggjizcedklcep~uvzkloTmdtu1d"(
gj1iAce{;{nce{uuy1dqk}{vAo1m/vu{Ao1dLkloTo1b/ukld1otu1dLreujur
f(gno1bd1otmvAce{Rk}{vRcep~reupu{Ao1ce{Tpmreotcspuyvcwk4ce{o1buT{Ao1uy1{uo"Duk}d1dtmpzuklp~cerscwk"tcso
Tceo1botbuTd1okl{v(kl1v{Ao1ut{uo4/1gnotgAxgnredk}{vTcsotbxgjpzpm{cex7k}o1cegn{k}{vxgnp~mo1uyd1xycsuy{xu
kloTotbuLnu{/uk}rreunuyrglD1uxyu{Aoqb/csjbAd1xbgAgnrgjh1dtoTnu7k}Tm{cenutd1ceozxygnmtd1ud"
"zz;zDLD
aTbuf(gAgni~csdTgj1Akl{ced1uyvce{o1uy{xbhklotu1d"(Tbcexbk}1uftgk}vred1uhk}k}o1uvce{otgRotb1uyuRdtux
o1cegj{d7DaTbuh1dtoTd1uxyo1cegn{Axygnpz/1ced1udxbhkl/o1utdTgn{uo1btgnmjbgjm7k}{vcedk}fhgjmo
otuxb{gjr|
gnjuLxglnuTp~uvcwkLvhk}okoAhud"{uyo
gj1izotuxb{gjrsgjnudthuyxcwklrerezregAgniAce{Rklod1g}x"klrereuv
1u"klrotcepzu4dtm
(gn1o"Apmreo1cex7k}d1otgnmotce{d1m/hgj1oD?gn4ce{Ao1uklxotcenuTpmreo1cepuv/ck/xgAvce{k}{v
xgjpztud1dtcsgj{aTbud1uyxgn{vd1uyxo1cegn{xgj{d1ced1otdDglhotb1uuxbhkl/o1utd
kl{vcsdDklf(gnmo=pzcevvreuTkltun
uTvced1xmdtd
otk}{d1(gnto41gjo1gAxgjrsdkl{votbuTcepz(gn1okl{Aoxygn{xuyo g}k}
recex7klotcegn{rk"ju=k}p
ce{h}
uTregAgniRk}o4pmreo1cepuv/ckd1uyd1d1cegj{zxtu7klotcsgj{Aklvju1otcsdtupzuy{o"nce{AAceoklotcegn{Rk}{vRdtggn{=nu
regAgnizkloTxygn{Auy1u{xyuxgn{Aot1gnrDkltxb/csotuxotm1ud"aTbuLo1bce1vdtuxo1cegj{ced
ce{o1btuuxbhk}o1utdqk}{v
cedklf(gnmoLkl
recex7k}o1cegn{d"kl{vk}
recex7klotcegn{d1m/hgj1o7LursgAgjikloLotbuk}
recex7klotcegn{do1bup
d1uyrsjudR?klmv/csg(AAcsv/ugh/d1bhk}1uvk}mo1b/gn1ce{AlAceuTce{g};v/gxympzu{Aotdkl{vd1ggj{h/rwkld1otreAu
vced1xymd1dp~uvcwkgn{vupkl{v=huvud1xy1cefhu~o1bud1uyxm1ceo1uAmcetupzu{Aotdk}{vpzuxbhk}{ced1pzd
gjT1glAcevce{dtgnremo1cegj{dTo1g1gjfreupzd"
4klxbxbhkl/o1ucs{~o1bcedfhgAgjizd1oklto1dTTceo1bkl{zce{Ao1tgAvmxotcsgj{ATbcexbuArwklce{dTbhkloo1bu
xbhkl/o1uTxglju1d"Ao1buy{zbhk}dkLtgk}vpk}RTbcexbuArwklce{dbglo1b/upk}o1utcwklrce{o1b/uxbhkl/o1u
hotd
otgnnuyo1bu"hk}{vzu{/vdTTceo1bzkd1mp~pkltLTbcexb~x7kl/o1mtudTbhk}o
b(kldfhuuy{uy/rk}ce{uvce{
o1b/uqxbhk}o1uy7
aTbcedcedknutLk}d1op~glAcs{/k}1u7k/uDbhk"ju
kloto1up~o1uvo1gf(uTkldk}xxmklotukld(gndtd1cefreun
fmoLotbcedqf(gAgnicedLgnmogl
vhk}o1uunuy{fhu?gn1uuRTtcsotuRceo"LaTbuRdtok}{vhkltvdkl{vo1b/uRxgAvu
kl{/vk}
recex7klotcegn{do1buypzd1uyrsjudkltunkldk}rek"Ad7AotbuLfhuyd1odtgnmtxug};ce{A?gn1pklotcsgj{
c
-
e
;LL
Th}ATht1L1Dl=9
1jB1h}1w"lz}/lehlt
=
j(1
t
nt
tqt
lt
}
~(lt1Th
n/ l~
n=Thl/11/1D
R}
yz9t
1/Rq q;ly1"l1PLtn=1/RA1n}1
l/
tA
lt
R}Aq9L"h}1LPl/1 (h}
1/41T/1y1"+Thl/~1
PDlt1
nl~ RLhl
9"nAA
1/
j1
! ltn#"
js=$! (nlPDt1
qL=DnATlewlt
n&%j
h}hys'!(D/T1'(h}1(
leen1lT
jTn
j
y' hl~n1
wltT
7DTh}AT1=1
j tn~}D!)+e
Thl/Lt*}D w}All+qP;1tRlDnA*j1
n
1j
l= j1
l/y,nTy
n"
Thl/Dt/19T}1
nD/n,jzADl
1j
ljenL1!
n/
(jA-
ztRlAlTe'jz /1}P Rtl.%}/ /1n=4wlte
1"Tt
1je j1, (nltn1A
n
T
ny
' j1jhjT
0 h}1wlj
h}1T
ThlTLt
(
zt
hAjB
Thl/=h(lee11L#n}1l2
nDn
j
' h}BAl/1%ny
2}
nT
tn
}l1
1}n
-
3
46587:9;587=@?BADC#E,FDGIH2J,C#KFLAMONQPRE,KSUTWVKYXCFLE,Z.F'T[\S^]'_`M!aKcb.S
d
e/fge@hjilk,mn*k,opffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRf
q
e/fsr
tiUulvxw!u^vWk,u'my+w!zg{g|/w!}x~f1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRf
q
e/fs }iUn&w!vxvw!}xku'mW'nLw!}vxi^i/u'm*ku'mW{g{gi/u
fff1fff1ffffRf
e/f
+uk,zgi/k,um*y+{g/{gvkzff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRf
eUf Lfge k,v{gk,u'm'{gm'vx'fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRf
e/fs
}xi/vxili/zgffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf fge
k,nw!UWm'm}w!xw!Oku'm*hji/'vxw!1fff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf fsr
Yu^vxw!}u'wv'zgvx{nw!m'{`k}iUvi^!iUz8ff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfeUe
e/fsqYu^vw}u'w!v^w!}x|l{g!wi^m'w!zgfff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#r
eUf qfge
+i/u^YLw!vwB&i/}xvWxw!}|^{g!wfff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#r
eUf qfsr
hjw!w}|/k,vx{gi/u'8f1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf qfs
+m'n{gx{gi/utiUulvx}iUzff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe
eUf qf +!!iU'u^v{gu'ff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe
e/fs
zvx{gk,xv{uv'wRYulvxw!}uw!vfff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf fge w'zgv{gk,xvWi^m'w!z2f1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf fsr }{gwB2+{xviU}~i$}ww!ff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
e/fs}ku'oLi/}xvW}iUvi^!iUzf1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe#
eUf fge whjwk,zgvx{nw}k,uoLi/}vW}i/vxi^!i/zY'hW
ffff1fff1ffffRfe#
e/fs
zvx{gnw!m'{`k^w!x{gi/uf1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfrU
e/fgetiUu^w!}xw!u'!wOw!nw}{oku'mhw!!wo'v{gi/uw!w!m'Lk,Bfff1fff1ffffRfre
e/fge/e.^w!'}{gvY~f1ffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfre
eUfeUe/fge+'vw!u^v{gk,vx{gi/uk,u'mw!~yW{gxv}{g'v{gi/uffRffff1fff1ffffRfrUr
eUfeUe/fsru'!}~^o'vxw!m^w{giUuWu'ui/'u'w!nw!u^vxfffRffff1fff1ffffRfrUr
e/fger+o'o'zg{gk,vx{iUu'i/vw!}vkuW'm'{giku'm+{mw!ipfffRffff1fff1ffffRfrUr
e/fge^nn*k}~ffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfrUr
SlC1FE,&SlE,&KYJ,SFDGISl_YX d
r'fge@hjilk,mn*k,opffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfrU
r'fsr
^Lk,}{gu'k,umtk}{gu'ff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfrU
rf rfge
+w!}^ow!vkv{gi/uk,umw!}|^{g!wOi^m'wzpfRffff1fff1ffffRfrU
r'fs
^w}|^{g!wO^B'w!m'zgw!ku'mWw!'w!fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfU
r'f
|Ui/zg'vx{iUui,2vwYu^vxw!}u'wv^w!}x|^{wOi^m'w!zf1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfU
rf Lfge
tz`k{#k,v{giUu*k,umWmn{gx{iUu@fff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfe
rf Lfsr
Yu^vxw!/}Bk,vwmw!}|^{g!w!1i^m'w!zf1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfUr
rf Lfs
y+{&w!}w!u^vx{kvw!m^w}|^{g!w!fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfU
r'fs h+^ff1ffff1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfU
r'fsq
^w}|^{g!wOtz`k,xw!Wku'mWx'}ku'!wfff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRf
r'fs
y+w!vBk,{gzgw!m+uk,zg~^{gi,v'wYu^vw/}kvw!m^w!}|^{g!w!:ffRffff1fff1ffffRf
r'fs+i/vW'u'v{gi/u'f1fff1ffff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfUq
rf fge
tiUu^v}iUzgzwm^ilkm^w!}|^{g!wff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfUq
rf fsr
k,}Bk,u^vw!wmw!}|^{g!wOff1fff1ffff1fffRffff1fff1ffffRfUq
{g{g{
-
g 02O2
s IU
g!g','
/x
,!
11R11RU
^x!
,
^g!!
^L!!O!B'
U
/
1RU
's
!
U'
!
^
/
21R11R
!
/,x
*Y
!,'
/g'
1R11R
s
!B,/
111R11RU
s
!!xg'*'
,^,x
,x!B,/
11RU
'L!
11111R11R
,^g'
!
/,x
xg'+'
,xg
/
gg'
B
x 1111R11R^
'+
j/
x
11111R11R^
'
!
111111R11R
'
,
11111R11R
#'
,''g'
,x!,'
+
11R11RU
#'s
U
/
^
x/111R11RU
#'s+
*
^
U1111R11RU
#' +
'x
x
"!/
^
U
,'!
R11RU
#'
'
g
x
'
!
11R11RU
'
!!!^
!
'
x
!
^g!$#+&%
!^`
1R
'!
11111R11R
')(+*,.-0/2143"56- 798
'
^
x
!x
11111R11R
's j
,
,
11111R11RU
's):+
'
'
11111R11RU
' j/
xO,'
'
g'
111R11R
'
xg,x
/
g'
1111R11RU
Ig^
*,
'
/
1R11RU
s
;
=>?
!
!!
111R11RU
U
=>@
,
!!
111R11R
=
'
111R11R
@/
'
BA
,xC #D
'
g,x
UR11R
'
xg,xW^
1111R11R
'
?'
'
g
'
/
11R11R
,x^L
g'
1111R11RU
s
/x
'!
1111R11RU
s
lxg!
1111R11RU
's
g'1
0E
xx
11R11RU
's
11111R11RU
F GIHJK/MLNO3PL
-
[Z\^]$_yPqPiPp4yPkniprqPiPpeBeseBeBeIeteuf
de fev
Z}Ix>Z4Z^x>Z^hiPklmoVDl~{eteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteuf
d"e
pl~~x>4}eBeBeBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteu
de e
jmV^lox>alyP~}s4D}ZmVlkP}CmeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteu
d"eu m
c
lyPsx>V}$eBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIete
de ue
jlkP}Cmax>yPqPiPpBVyPkniprqPiPpoeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIete
de ueg
aegfPeBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIetev
de uew
aegfweBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteu
de ue d
;|ZiP~prlqP~}CeBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0f
de ew Z}Ixrn|^mmrBVyPkj}C~0{omylkP}CmeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0
d"eg|mC}CrlyP}CiPlr}C}Cypr^.mjlk}CmD^mqPr}Crlmy
eBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO
d"ewiD4r{eBeBeBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteOg
)rpr}V{yPOeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0gu
ve uew
x>yp}C>>D}Cklt{yPeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0gu
vPe
}C~l4zP~}iP~prl4rpZ4yPrqmpeBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0g
ve e
Vp}IVrlyPeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0g
ve eg
|K}C.m4yPC})eseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0g
ve ew
W}C4yplCeBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0g
ve e d ^myP}6rprlmyDh
c
mlk"4yPC}j.m}C~lVzP~}iP~pl0VrpZhjqPqP~lVplmyPeteO0w
ve ev
}C~lVzP~}iP~pl0Vrp4D}C^mDeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0wP
vPeiD4r{eBeBeBeseBeBeseBeIeBeseBeBeseBeBeBeseBeIeteIeBeBeseBeBeseBeBeIeteO0wg
- Za
-
`6mWW
- y
&R
%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
9
9 R
lz
^&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
y^zVR
%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
-
z
^U KM
"
zU
%
Ma3B^E6
BK
"
&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
- U
"QR %&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
`
9
9 R
lz
^Q
5
3Y"9
"
`%3a@"
-
QM_%%%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
/l7aweW
i%%%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
-
"9
=a+
m`
y
&
9
"
('%%&%%&%%'("
-
"9
%%%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
U
)%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
-
B3>
Ma
"
%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
- N
Q
%
"9
Q
%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
?
3^B^
'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
- U
ae
^
V
%'('%%&%%&%%'(z
- 6
%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
- ?
'9"y"%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
- ^
m
5
&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
- ?KM
F"3
QM+
'('%%&%%&%%'("
z`
4&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
"`Yu+ %&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
zN
3
5
%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
zU9
3
%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
?
%^
M
"aUa` u+ &%'('%%&%%&%%'("
Q'6W+
y
&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
Q
M
"V
9z
('%%&%%&%%'("
- U)
3`=U 9 K
F &9"9
"`
B
M
UWR
'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
- `z
V39z9"9
"t3'%%&%%&%%'("
>
"aU R$%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
- Y3$6
'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M"
- 6
9
%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M"
-
QM_%%%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M"
?
"
5
&%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
- UR^ V3
9
w%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
- 6+
y
&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
?MF WU7M)7F+MB7z7eF l
z5^9
%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
z
i%%%&%%&%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
+-w"9M
5
5
a6F 9
%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
+--N+= 3
9
"QMY"
m
%&%%&%%'(M
+--^9
"VEy
"9&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
+- 5
K
%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
+--N
(&9
V
9""B U&%'('%%&%%&%%'(M
z 4
yW^9
"R=69"K
"" %&%%&%%'("
+-
6"y%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
+--N?VQ 9
6"yi&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
+--N
a69""y&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
z U ^E
5
"
%'%&%%&%%%&%'('%%&%%&%%'("
+ U
KM
`U9
"
&%'('%%&%%&%%'(
-
! "#$#%'&()*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0/1
243
5
%7698:&&(;++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0/1
=%'?
(A@
5AB
"@
C
#.DE%7#F@
5
%'(G++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0/H/
/4I
C
&
J'K
'A'OH1O0G1k$0c+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
Q:Aa
A7'O'AH:AHG1XHV+*+,-,++*++*++,-
1A7\F$''O'AH:AHG:kH+*+,-,++*++*++,-
-Q+H1F+7A'OH1A0.O''O'$7c++*++*++,-
-Q+Ha1QQ10+Ha:Q$H'O'AH:AHG:'''O'a++,-0
$HO.1OH1\EEA''OH:A:A'GOA')-,++*++*++,-:
$HO.1OH1\m1OAa*AOA'+*+,-,++*++*++,-0
$HO.1OH1\*GV1A7GA'G+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
$HOk*9-GVHOA'Oee1OGZ1Z*+,-,++*++*++,-0
yH7Al1$$O'H*'0'HOA+AG1XAAZ1O0A'0+,-$
>F1aG1X1E:A'$H$*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:k
*EHO0H:9++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
y:FOf1OHk:\:k'_,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:A+[H+*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
''OA:\:A+[17=*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:AyOHym$,[0*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:AyOH)Ek+[H')++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:AyOH)O'+[0'+*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
:AyOH$Hm$,[0'c++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
Q_+yA0OAXO4*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
HEQ10',''OA ,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-:
Q_+O1O:A'*:0Z1$''HX1O'kO.,!a1H)-0
QV0k:k'E1,E* a:f+*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-:
'V+H+7F$'k+*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-0
QVG~Z1k7*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
Q_+HyH7AA$,G41fZ1O'+*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-1
Q_+H+$f1Xk+*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
Q_+HHOA'OA*++*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
;EQ1a7l*H+1Z1k+*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
$.O'aA7F$O'k7FEHElHH$9:1OH-,++*++*++,-
G~AA7kAOQ1 ,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
;yHZ1O'G+Pm'AO0G7A'O$AH ++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
-
A9_'y
7AA0.y0''X'1ZH'O+*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
A>'A7lH*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
A>'A7O''A ++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
E0'O,AV+*+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
AOH0Al1OH *"!Xl#f:k'OA+*+,-,++*++*++,-F
$&%aO0'E0(A)+*y,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-$
$,A-./021130+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-$
$,546*71O98+'$A#EH!A'$':E0(A)b*+,-,++*++*++,-
$ 66EH$'O;-7AH+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-
$,*yF'7A@?1B66 ++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-H
$,*yF7 ++*++,-.$Z
$ OZH#-y>''2!)V%aAXl+HJ-y'.:.(>HA *++*++,-.0
,461+O(A$'AO"!\:.$
'X'+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0
,461+O(A$'AO"!\::A?AHO,7k';+*+,-,++*++*++,-.0
Z\461Q:fM!)9OHO':aO
+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0
HW%aOO!*Xl +*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0H
Q_y.$
"!
AL!A'$''k*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0
Q_!OXLY5H1Ok
A`!A7'k?1A7*H?1$
'c+*++*++,-.0
461QO''?QLYeA
'2:fa!=A0A)yAQ:AO'A)-.0
Z\461QKH'5@E''bA'7( Af"AOX,:aAHA'#1f?A>H+++,-.0H
Q\461QO"F:AHX!7Hka1$(1OH)1k?1*Hc ''V1$fOL1~++,-.0
Z$\1OQ_464ed
L1:H+,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-.0
Z\461Qe$
AL1A'7AO ,+*++*+++*+,-,++*++*++,-."F
Z$Wd$(OAKO>F+'0CD7FOl5c++*+,-,++*++*++,-.)
Z$ _y(17FOQ1O0G1SeFOO5@(1JHZAH:AO'v*++*++,-.)H
-
f gQhji kml n oqp rsth
uvu]w6xy#z{?|(}~{(}|?y95{?y|(y{VV|(y?v#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMvu)u
vu&zy|(~y2{?|^~{VJyWvAvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
v
;|LSy{(y|?2=|2w;yyx)yQVy{52|?G3"7v#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
v
2)y?{(JGTUy({L{()vQv#vQvQv#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
v
5{(y|^"{(yGzy|(~yQ5{(y|?y{6U}~{?N)G2y{'z{^"{(}vQv#vQvQvAvMv"
v
zy(()U|V6y(y|?{()XvQvAvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
v,w6?Dy~PG6?Dy~Q=|6Q}D"|^"{?yyGzy|?N~yGv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
vu&2?V7|(y?(y#|?y#J}{(~Z"({vQv#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
v
y"yVJ}{(~Z"({VzyB{?N~vQvQv#vQvQvQv#vQvAvMvAvQvQv#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
Dvu]5{(y|(D"{(D"+;x)y{(~QVxy{6=)|'2|({?N?xG;(x
v#vQvQv#vQvQvAvMv)
Dv,w6xy#"}{{^MU|=}
-
3(6jFO
-
,t
m
-
3(6jFO
-
b/
0
/m 2
!
"#$&%'()'+*-,.#$/-'01&*23%4'+2"*657#8(9'+*:;()'0*-,+(*6'=@*#A,+*%+*65B'+3/-!()1&*-()C
'+!(D#$4E23%4'+23*-5FG#H(I*61&*-,0JI5D#KJL4MONP*H'+,0&%Q!I'0*3'+*-4*-RF&(*"#A(5S'+*-4*-1)+&(UTV'+,0&%Q!
W8OC+XUGY!Z[\#$(5]'+,0&%Q!15*6I/=#A2"*-,.#$3#$(5]^8Z_K
-
E8??!f;m?}9cE-eq?+?8+V8q]8EV.E+B
P!;0-+F-80&06&=F+-0-6t$FA=$0&Kj6+3$+c&0m&0&F&h8)
A8-cEiA+&0=&hFM0"-7?c!)P-0--c&)0+&;6;0-&.$0-\$F|OV-+-)0GA+-
)-0)M6-tAB-0&0-\6+-0&$+!+3DA"8|P-8-
D6M-!80D$?089)-)+DAe$?-!&&63Mm+FMc-))+&F"-)E?"!+c+=AGA
$F3D-)$h=A+-0P!e9&08-0-+!&-F-;"+$B$+6+DA+&")-=A"0F
"!+++6B+m-$)"6sP!+FM$7A+&!E;M8A+3m&-0"&))h")-FP!
$q+9-&6M!B3+3-FG0++F+-S+)+0-"g!--.$UP!g$)3F+&+6=jA
}AM0mPj
m= mL
+)$h$mP!+.DA+--+=$F+0-B"7A&iAo&!j7A&iA+F$
+F";)+-0-3E+!+)-!MH+DA\$0"-!--0-+@+FmP&0g$$@F-M!-+S$3+O
"67-&)0-)=?F.D$0-89&+0um9M6+)-&0$E+HD)&VE.h"=Ac+DA
-$&6++6+m+!+)-&GA+!-3MShi!Pk&H+6A+)$.jF+iA+0MF"+h-&6+h$
DAi!-+HM@03;)+-0-K?$S-LM0-+6++!@$+&9\3FM03-7\AO
=A+&]+!+)-&K@;D-;c--Uec".$!L)&@$m-&)+63F-+-0+&U}A\F-;e!+
+6+)-3")-K$@$"-$0P!8-0=$0M!j+.$0D!+=-&)+0&?$FB+-0+-&A?$
3+3-FGF
SharedToolsAudio Video
ConferenceControl SDP
SDAP HTTP SMTP
TCPUDP
IP
Integrated Services Forwarding
RTP and RTCPRSVP
Session Directory
&F+3&&U;)+-0-h+"67E+!+)-!r).$.
m. 3Em"8-.mE
-0\$0;e3$0D-6+80\;)0-+6th0M9-7?+-!0-)=$h+FtF-M!-+)U
.D$F+-$S)++)F-+&S+9+6+";c"0&-KjAe.I03+6+Ae+)&h
-.$-@+6+0M!j39$P6M0-S-&)&6+&6-h$-&90MFg$FI-!"3FMK$+!
D$0+-7A+\9D!+iA)?D6=$0\Ar0-&)&6+&6-Ar3+9-78Ah-&9+
$+Hi$9+"&s-0uA+m+0-\F&"DA)?3+"67tA=$0&h+mc&+
+)DK].A=$9+@B+-$iA+&gA+BgA)IK)3M!-@+@"6+&BA"
+6+A}03;)+-0-=UDA"-h+--F&))V+--)+!AI0
&0
-jm;
A-=E0"h$B+K$+!f0D$0"9-+!3M!-B\0D$HMH-D$FM6\0"6&-&F"-)
$FF-$)"-)m$|L;$3-30-"At)+-&-)3$=A++@0B+6+)--"0@+
DK)m89&+)i)"$Fg6&+.V--+!-"+$B$)"F+.;-)++30-.!M!&=A
$F+)$.j
B!D-9F-eA+h;)+-0-h"K$m+DA3+-0)M6-"=AgF-M!-+6+S+
+!+6+=U\0m-&0+\A++)-7A+-S+B6M!-+9+-6--+.$0MS+h+!"
-
! "#$%&('*)+),- .
/10&2436578+/:96;=45,8+>?A@B9C@BDE>4/=FG5H@JI:/KML65,LN&O365DM/17P5Q9R248+ST?,/:>+2-U5A@B96>243V@12->+5,84IKE?Q5,>?A@B9
5,UW5,8+;:5X243V@127Y/:+KML65,845,LZIRK[@BF6DM5]\^IKE842+45,2/10Y>4fV5A@Bk5,84>
/10@%;KMI5Q9D[@196;:4>+KM96;T@196LTf6845A@1L_>+365,5Q2+>5,24?N5,2+?:N-/RL_5,>0d/:89
\[F_KE9G@18+Sg6%gVKMe5,LfG/KM925,2+?NMgG+V/@12+KM96;TfG/KM92lQgV@B8+50@BKM8+DMST7Y5QDED>42@19_LV@184L6KM,5,L&N
-/L65,>0d/:8$2+5,e2\[6-+,g1+g,F6+/x0d/924>AgJ=@196;:KgQf6f625,24?Nl=@1845@BDE>4/8+5A@B>+/:9V@1F6DMS
7-5,DMDV42+//L&NKM;365,8-DM5,I5QDY4?,/L65,>+aiDMKE9_kR>Jg1KM96L65,e5,>Jg6845p0d5,845,96?,5,>Jg$@196LT>4/h/:9@18+52+365
>+4+2p@196LG@18+L_>@B>2+36542Y5,9_/4>Ag_>+2+/:8+5@196LW2+8@B96>`i
UKM2Y@B2+5,e2
@19_LC;:8@Bf636KM?,>@19_LCLG@12@_&3_5,96?,5%2+365UT45gKM2YKM>UT4KM/9C@B96Lf_8+/?,5,>4>+KM96;845,J
O/fV@B8@1f_368@B>+5@B96/1I5,D`gJUC@BDMD1"/8+DML&xI:5,8+S
96?Q/RL_KE9_;KM>T@5,?,/L6KM96;:VNZO365!KML65A@!FG5,36KM96L2436KM>h;:DEKMF"%2+3V@B2h5J@1?p32+KMU5T7-5
KM9I5,92T@965Q7(7@JS"/10845,f68+5Q>+5,92+KM96;@196L248@19_>+UKM242+KM96;!KM90d/84UC@B2+KM/9&g7-5C@1DM>4/3V@JI:524/
2+5J@1?p3/+5QDEI:5,>24/h845,?,5,KMI:5]@B96L?,/:Uf6845,365,9_LC243V@129_5,72`SfV5/10845,f68+5Q>+5,92@B2+KM/9N`9!2+365
8+5Q>+2=/B0*2436KM>>+5,?,24KM/9&g$7-5%2@1k:5h@TDM//k@B2>+/:U5=@1>4fV5Q?,2+>=/B0Y8+5Qf68+5,>45,92@B2+KM/9"243V@12965,5QL24/
FG5=+24//RLbKE9W8+5,;@184LC24/TUT3V@JI:5X>42@B96LV@184L5,96?Q/RL_KE9_;>Ax_]@B96LZCDM/R@B2+KM96;/KM92
@1845Y24365-U/>42$7KML65,>+f_8+5A@BLh96/17\@12DE5J@1>+20d/:8&?,/:UUW/996;:DMKE>43=D[@196;:+>+KM96;Gg
@19_LZ0d/8=9@a>+5,p@1Uf_DE5Q>Ag@%>+5,Ag6@a>+2+84KM96;T/102+5,e27KM2+3!@
I/:KM?,5>+S92+365Q>+KM,5,8->+5,242+KM96;GgR@B96LT>+//9g845,+>-KM9R245,DMDMKE;:5,96?,5-/8f68+/?,5,>4>+KM96;
@1224365=>45,96L65,8=@B96L8+5Q?,5,KMI5,8Jg$@196Lf_8+/1IKML6KM96;hUW/845/8DM5,>+>>+2+84++>4KE/:9Vl,NKEUWKMD@B8+DMSgAIKML65,/T?J@19!FV5a?,/L65,L@B>
@a>+5,Ag:/85,DM>+5?A@B9!FV5F684/k5Q9CL_/179KM92+/%>+/UW5L65Q>+?,84KEf_2+KM/9!/10>+?,5Q965,>Ag
/F5,?,2+>7KM2+36KM9>4?,5,965Q>Ag$UW/2+KM/:9h/B0*/:Fp5,?,24>X@B96L>4/T/9&N
O365?,/L6KM96;>9_/17KM9I/:DEI:5fV/:>+>4KEF_DE5845,D[@12+KM/:96>+36KMf6>7KM2432+KMUW5@196L!FG5,2`7Y5Q5,9L6K$5,8+5,92
U5QL6K[@6N365Q9C7-5=845A@1L@%F6DM/?pk/10245,e2AgGKM2KE>+
-
:`%W-,Y#+j+$#$p+
+%M64MR$6,-QT6M6-,__1+:66!16WRM4E:&BdQB6MBY`R_EJ1MM
,G,46QT6M6,TW,6[:C4,,46M[:Y4,,4,+,M4h!1M1M46+,
GB6+Q+M_+6M+G46,%V1+:6+,:6MMV+ABEM=_V6,-V=BVQE
!#"$!%'&(*)",+"$-%%M=T64ETQ6[+V=Mh141,"+"_`ME_A1+Q+M_
G`YQ,+_4.6,6Q,A
/
W6+,4+M1610EQ14p6MA1,_,6M B+!1M+_,,6,32!6+MW,6[WVp!M
`6MA1MMZT6pW+T_64R14V15+,%%6,4MV6768`6MA1-+M_E9W 66Q
B6M,%166M+:.R_,6,:;4
=
R4,1?+,,@A64+6WY-VBCBEDpV1p14,+-G,-++6Q+6MY:6M=,:6F4>4+
DD%Y:+6JVB6!G4:=.R_E4W+GA4:,+W+_EhM4=%M4+T4A1Z1M6
H
"46,T-46A464V,Q4.6M+,=MA1*#`-46,4hBC:6+6_hW+%+,
+G1'+,JIM6,TM1-Y:+4X*+MM`61+6:TQEJ1+M,WV14M+_Y14XW46KJ,6J
+M6Q+6BE_1`6MAB$Ed4C4M%,+Q;ML.6+6KM$,+Q;J
6M1#46MWA16N+V-_,,O+Q64E_,,:64,+4E:P+Q_6.R_,A4J:
F4pB6Q+B6+WM++M:ABV1,`PR$64MMRT6p166M"16M6,ZMT+,6_6V1
[QBE_YM$,4M,MT+QVA+,bM,46+p6$VpB6MB +QTB:+1W,VB6MS4
,:64,+4E:T4V1'+Q;J
2!pE`BGQT[,6Q=d:=,6M:U=B+4.6M+,'Y6MABEM$6MMh-14*+MM
,:MEHHE_1BQR_E16T,:64,+4M+Q_6.R_,A-6Q,644RQMd:
,pV1=BQ6[=G`-,,Z6KM,4,4R*+,WA"HBM+%6,,_+4,M4T+,[++6
6KM$,+,,6[d46p6+:6M4M16dG,+W,6[Q
V
,J6M+MR4-+:XB66MT16!M6,TM66d:+1_6p1$,6QR_EA
WXFY Z\[]_^`#ab][Tcedgfa#f9hi]^
6_6M161IM6,BE*1*hMdTM7+65jF6G1Mk!1MlV'mk:CBE!M=64,M146M
,:;4,Snp6*+!WA1Gpd:+W=J 4,=4aV1*+M,6[1a,Q++M:o,
H
M=MG*B;
+W666Q+Fp167+_=V14M=+.6M4,,41G+6=W,6[aEp+M164V1Q_h1VBM
6:C1MTM64V1MMTVQF_66,4F+M'+,4Bi+_=B1d+:.R_,6,M,M!6+
VBF+M,_B.RG1M`R4T4EW
J,6,,7+!GhJ146+,$C4W=6,M,&B646,Z1W6M,6:>p1MMRuY
MA1MMV5j+p1_E9B6`6Ml+,p6_>.6%M6+,A@6Z,M,+4`,pVB6MA1:XM4,
+4E:T6,M,!+,4V:664+6W+:66:hMJB6"6+6_,,11VBM_h,M,:++MAB
-
1sOL?s
FoAL,NoETUNLo:FT#FFTL*F*;
FooEU*,LL*T*UT?F,F:o
;F**T>:C:U1*;?F;
,'#*LUT'F?mFUTLLmF'#GF
Fo' *:;uSN,5UCU;Cp 1F
F;?CFEFpFT> F:Q-F;7UF??F
o*>EF-?GFL*?T>E
mLF A*O13F
LGF**oL>Fw**F,>FuFFmFFGmF#
So#*>o *w?F?->N>'*F*GTFF*LF
F:>NFNF :FNo,o;**SEFw#T*F*w*LFL #?L*
?'Fo?*F-'FN-**LCF#o_FFo1F
? :T>F?*T:;LG>NT
o
1 TCT*3PF*'
F?1;*>,T7L7F*FF*1F'*#C9:sSFGoEUCLwFGF*,*oESF
>'TF:ToTELoTELFoFp,7FoT*o,*
CNFSNF?*L*o>L*T-F
?
>FF:>7>*F:7 FU
T*F'*F:>:FF*gS*F:>?CF7m*T>'F',FF7
oFo'F?To
N*LFF*T>#L*F::FAL7F,o
,FF1*oS3*E*T*3*oLF?*oF:1Fo
: F*'NF7F'o':zp>T*FQ*>N*
oLFNT*T,NF:F,uFTTE,*wF'*FN>:sS:F*T:
FF*o5F>*oE#?#*F?>NLF*CL?oU
F:Q #FoF3*;L>NF'F:FTs*N F:*CF5
*>SF#F>AiF:LGFFE*oE,C;
'F*wGLF,*F*>TUNLw**F:F*FF
_*>:UosSF:FNF,NU;CS*'F*F*,U5T!FTo,1N*F:F'-To,
,
Ls*F>*oUFF7,
L?Fw
FF:>*o,L
SFSFL,oLwFU
T*FF*#?UUFEoST*';*'o?;'GF*UFF
LEF*>TNFLo:SiT*F*?U?:>E
LF?*si>oGFT-:;>zToF:;>*
T:;*FNFFF-F*?G1oF*>:-N-?7F#*UFT*F
F:U#*F-*TL*#*ALLGFFSFG>FGF#*FN
F:FToS*s*GF'NF_
:SFwmwoUG*#*CFL*F:S*
,FFNF:FT-'Ki**F*To*oLSFFF'Gi*F*
**oL*#,FF*F*F*T,F:>oFE_F'TEFNF
G*z*FF:ToELF,oL*#*F?w?ULESF,
mGNF*FToU:NF*z#'*:,*1*TFE,o7
FF**FL*LNF:FF:!;FLT*F*oT*F*>
-
, Lx3GLSLLF ! J -;6.U%WKm +;E;0%' +4 OKh!51)t-; |0%O!T
@
C $CG"$=,E2+ T)X%Ox(T*tBy5%' +!-;8;0%' N. S*; O218Km33;!X*4; 1
O}:4
%O1%O! 'KL +(b[q}:;!!(T51/) 6.6
+.!;21)`)0%OY":7"43(TWX%O((^21)
+;W3"451!6.9/b%OZ*$)U%O(Z;!2])#"3( 3 'Ka!-!QKL +;!- +!J2])#
+;W3"1
51!6*:%')t?+
!1;! ]43)-4%O*$)!> 'K:-4i=]!;4>6734(T!67U%
*;! + 1) (0/1%O,E((:%Oq-W6. +;!>!3"!(T_13 . OK*$;=KL
;68%O)Ch{%O;>)t-:%'*;!>Q-
"$ ] ?.) O2;-4#!)!T 86. ;WA%'(C
{T;!W OKa%'((/,E ^b$W{]1{P^e{
D
-E3;h^3!3:%O((52;5J%9,%O;! OK$-E:%O6 OK$
+"+t)#!->i=1!;0C^M^KL;!_131(5
;tKm;4) M ;(N^M"!T!h%'*:%O
@
+C :C111E111>t1^=:+q1^=4eOe1]11]/
!LO^U80tmmOOmL +!LOqOvvL+v9L!U{b!Lm9vOOLtWOvL{=OOO9
t^{0Ov^b^{^b
-
+g1P
!"$#%&(')(* ,+-./01/2435.517622$1
,+8)09+:8%5$01(;?8%5@?AB-.C.1?D5dR52}45
-
c ,!!b&!AK,1!M,,!L,,,L9m
.4$)m($}1(A@)c)(:c9^)).ND)N$%GY_m1
-
nko:pXorq0s[tJuJvswutyxzuJv{q|Juy}r~DuJCx 2
FXzkA,::z=I00XAA=:D=zz:zzf2=J:IzXA:2Al
A:+wbTkDz:Dz=DzkFl?AEl.A;XAA:lzzkDzzkADIG0A:
A2D:?AEl[7kzXAYA;XA"::z=A:kzzXblzzA=:AI
=:zCJkAz?7kzXA?::z=zA00AEl00E7A00kA=7:zA:Iz:k
wIz:XJA2IA4A=:=z7kIzz4kzAIE=zGE7C:z:z
AC=z7z:z?ld"A7zfIr=?IkklAz:z+AAIk:EIDz:A::ElA
zGA=;EIAFIEbTkClEIr:XAkz7bI06EIr:k=XzA:JI
bl:klAXA:z4A2IkFbI:lE:4AXJA2ADIzD>Ak::Iz:z7A
kbI:A2kAJ lzAXrzk::AFYA"kA[IzCEI
:XkA:AJlFEIA:zfIA=zDIEIk7AAXIlzz::I:k:FEIA:zfl
lz:zA[.Iz:2IA:X"lzkzElA7zfIJ,Iz:z047,AGE+
IJAGE2
I"I0=z:l::z=AGlz:"6Az+0=Az=Az,zz:k"kz?lz:zk
zA:ElA:k,lz:zkXAkAEXA2zzA:ElA:k,kA2zzk7kl=Iz:7kz:,E
AFD?f::=2IAE
0?A"z:A:lAIkAzA:EI:k?:A[XAkCElz?l?EzAA"AI=:z
:=.lkklA:k
I=AGElA:k,:42I::,fIAGEI:k?Iz,fIfz:,I,XI:,kzDX
XAIbEl4I"IA=fI"A7A=:.+zIzz::Cz:I"Iw4k
zAXzk"04XAlEIX=2l",IXJAIz::Aw7lA4lC:kzD::k
EIDD=AzA:04XA=,A0=bIAIr=XA,b2"k:::EIz:AA:=
kzXA:A:+z:IEzA7Yz:A7A::ElA:y02kk"I[+kA,:kbl
A2":rA"k=I.IXA:ljAzXzkr:rIrzz00:lzY04XAAz+7"I
AbEX::::ED:=:Xlz,2zz":lEIk[:,AXzA7Ab7
z"AXzA7[A=:+=zA?AI=:z"AzrflAA7[:AzGA=AI=l
[IA:DI.zA:XA:0=z:z"A=Ad=X:4l,E+k.fIkIk
.:AkzX00XAA=:Dl?AzEXADA2IG:.bTkfIAG=[IG0A:
A2JElbI:FAXzX=0Al0A:+CA2JIk:=:z4IG0A:A2Jz:kA:0Al0
7AzAElJA2IG:Jb2+zf22.X=IG0A:.AbT
A7zz"A7lA+:r[Izz:zY=z:A+=AIz6:AzyzyA,I=
A7I:z:zEIzAC
[7kz:,IXAz"0A:AA=77IEl:0?A,lA^ll4Az
kA:C :zzX+A2k=:zAz:.:.fIA:X:=z7AlEI:0+A=z:A7=:
:XFE+A:7w?bI:bJF.=yflrF:r77zzk==ADl,blA:
fIz:d:X:kAXblA:kIA"IEl:0?Ik7bI:0Clzdz6z,z::zI
lz7d"k:XdII::2IA:X^j0 XD44Xz:?z+Xzk7wAz"l:AEII
zIAElDl.z7zY:?z":l?JF.z:dIFkz:?zA7zz"A+zzz70
zI:Xz:zIAAz=klzAl:IAzAzzD=EIkJzkzXII:k==:z7
z"=:A:k:I.+z0kdEI:7zk:z7A6rII:0,X[I:I.z2k7bIX
:lAXzA7DAAzI:AzD+k
J>0 y=J]J.
kEIJEIJ,2.Ik.FXzGElI:k"IAz0kA,f0 kI"AAfl=k
z7Y+kz=EI+:w2?l4AIz::AzfIAGElA:k0dzAzXAA
ADIz:l+"z:A:"zfFl:FA:zz0=A7AzD:.flAk7+zzz700zAI=:A:k
I:IJ:zE
zAXzA7A7AkI:kYkA=X0J.=DPE:zAblzElAz:A7rX4z[z:
zzEXAk0wAI=:zDEI:z=AGElA:kIzfIAGElA:kCFkA[I^lzz::IXz
ID=zGE+A"Al.]w6::=lzkIkXlz,AkA.AlF=w
=:z"+kAFA2A=z:A:z,AkIXz:Dz::krA,XAkzfX D:D:
ElAzIkFAzA7:kA,IXwzA=z>kwAAklA:kXwI.z:DEl
AIzz7YIzklIXAElzGA=:XAIr,IXzAXkz7kzA=z7AAX
lEI:0AXz.IAXzA7kJFI:AzFAXzA47kzz:A.z::k74zA:k=I
-
.DJJXY0JD+4PJAJ8.A.P6.DA?
A"k=:
I: I!A"#$%&%'zX!(*)E+,.-
/!07123 4z!5
67987;: =@?BACCADEGF0DEIHJDK
L9M
%N"4,OP.4+Q,!R/" I: *STQ!U
4V!:NW
M
,=AX#0Y.Z"
/&%[:\]Y4P4%:NW^!_X`
I:a!/%!A l*b#0cdYeYYbW
!_W,!].f."U!+,!\V
M
R7N"4,OY/dY!!=We4+Q,!
M
,A1gdYh3R*b#
w1gdYP!_\A0X#0YDcdYP"])VRiQ/%!/!]\2*(!_Wh*(4 *cO:
"!/:j-/e*/%!N#N4A+:,!%N"4,O2\!eU*b#0RZE"P"
/lkm!\A,YF
M
!ne/AU)Vh,+!34,:NW
34+Q]YbVo)QW@"'P%Y,=A!i/!A.
*) U[*\
%0
M
/dY!!=P
*4 !:NW(![*?e!i/AYcdYR!_\A!p!!+l:
M
,A lq
*4 NW
3)VP4/z4_!
L9M
/dY!!=
4V!:NW(![*&%\Y:,[!i/!'"])Ve
M
/!r\.)/zDA
cdYP"2A&r)
M
,"%!(":A,A%'
M
/:!+!
M
,A l.cdYs F1gdYP!_
L
e[*WP
!U!+!3Y*Y:P!i/!A I
M
!eIJ,.,,UA/!q
*Y
/%44WY!!4z1*)iQ/V:NWt*q:3W +@/!!!0eAcPP!!+I,3&Y*
A%PA,/z!AVI"U!R/k2!&%[7,!A,]-)V!
*/"XA!+I:,[W
zX)
M
/We/z&A!!!+!a
*4 !:NW
67987;u v2v2Dw@EHAEx
L9M
R!+I:3Q+X+qA&%Y!A,/!
M
yZE"P\=A"Eh/%4[!A,/!
Ar Ik!e!!+I,Y3W(zX'/!!!]\h*%!4 rz"!ZE"
` JA%!+I:,]\kXA41dYU4+!=
M
{/A@N"O2.|U&WRA,Y
!I&+,
M
!!) *cOPS!i/!e!A4!+!=4=!.!!+l:
M
A,}!W&%
+!..k!/%!-%&
M
!) *1ORNWQ4%&W[
M
,
M
)&% 2~z,]X#0Y
z,#$)V!ck,A1dYFA lqUzkU!+!]\AQI+
M
!) cO&U4+QY"A
M
,
M
,/%.Ae7,!A,
M
1gdY!_\:qUzkU! I/%1,) *!
)&%P!i/]
e!i/!DA lwP/!P3O[P!!+I,0@4A,4 !W0/z!=
l!
AA lJA7!U/q
*e) *,!]
&
M
.!!+l:%q=Q%/!!@&+!
M
,Y4!T:NWA
L
=!AVICV]kNW4
W)V!!R!T4 !!!!e":h#N!!+,!
cdY\*!i/!N"Oz4A+!"Ar +,Y!!4A
*/1*c#N) !>)&aN#
1*Y!=
M
.1gdYP
!()VN"U!!A0
L
h*&e!i/!Y! *YU"!!)W
A,Y
M
1*:,
M
A%P)
M
,R&%Oe!!+l:3
*() *?Ae*
M
Az"#
A*e/%
q!!!+
!!="O+3 V
4%A4!(i/:&4+Q%!4
M
)&%'A#
!_I!(":A3e/:&e_.1gdYU!1*&!(+Q%!
M
4%!e)/ANW3,!:
,UZE",/=!T=1"4%A4!3
z
P>I>
"!P}ADcdY+k,/Yl4Ye/}iQ/%!A!0cI
3)V!!A*
-FA"&PIDAe+1,
Y*/! @1ly-R4 cY7!%\V)*0R!4V!
+ADcX` R! .4VOecI\z,
L
/)!)V!s @&@1l\%4/qiQ/%&4%Y!=
cNYR/cI
^| e,A,&!>:Q* R+,!Ya+k,&/%Yel!
%A1*=A
M
*A,Y4%A+!s!:,Q*(RY*YcI
M
,
P\=,/ *1*!! +&!_I[ *,&T!P:"q!r
!_W()E,/j
*j) Y4%&W33),arAYFQa
L
\2"jP*W(Y4c#
Y!YA%-QRWR4
M
!!!P)%I&
L
8*!%e.
!\A c/%AU!!
R4,:NWei/!/,\ :z/XYY7Y!I!!hA_+!cI!&:A,/z,
~z,Ye/:&e_[*44
I:\q"%&"4) *)W:_Wj/0j!+!A l
4%4AT[l!Aak=Wj:Q*!>N"O2\q"U(,YaY_ybV,(
M
,
-
_*>S.!.h2jNB.>N'Ih
.ce[VPP ,V.]!c!V, !
;,!eN*]Nq,3 *V!e%!&%!!!3*(N!!
&YY%&Y!!$!;r%!],&.2&!. !NU!!
,[* z!!Y9( %Y!,Q,&!3Q*Y>U!]!!,Q
Y,,a;R{j! (U!jV3 !,jY*!,YR
te.*0}&@, %&3 *P;, ,(!!,Qaa
*!e1Y!,.Y2&!_%U$!. .Y,.,Y!!!!U
!,!P_* &%m,R%hY*!3c *@!%& @;,!Ye!y_Q
%%Y,YR!_*!>c !>Ya1!%&QQr
!!V!!@V3c*&&%!PNQ%&tRQ%![@,
%&,1V@}3y !3& !0P
!!;!@&3c *!NU
R! YcS!y]gYrP.UY
}%' *c!t*Y1*&!j3,!(*j! *!c
! *(,Ya aVz;!%!3j!!!}R,&9_!U c,!(
cY!j>3,!(*,%%!I1z!!%P9!&, N(
Q&,!eYR!@S!!!,!
}e&y! %&ecY!!'3,$NY3 c,1 %]aNR',
Ra 0%&j%&cY*'aN!!(e%&e!_(c!!,%Y,
!,;!!!zV!;e!*YIeeQ!U!eV!a !*(
e*V,V2NS*V;%!VNN!. *]2y.!&!
!ea,a!!>Q%Y!NU*eq!Y(c
!NU3! ,!9!!a!,Ye*R !
"!#$&%(')*
3&e%'Ne%'Nq,3ecY&Q[%!&,!93&,eeeX
!!)+a *&,eR&@3(, *31%&e%Q**VP&!
[* !%_!c@&%&!3R;.-!&h%&c('!3Y,Y
%,N33(,Ba1*Yc&,RR;.-!!!e'!*!0a(,
%@R&,q3Q0/!!3R;]21@!h!(3e%!9.-!%!!
(%(3_*S,0!P!9!a e3!Y_,P3(,B, &
cy1[3!!Pe&%&1*
dst dst
dst
dst
dst
dst
source
2 MBit/s64 KBit/s
2 MBit/s
2 MBit/s
2 MBit/s
2 MBit/s
2 MBit/s
r%e43rPN!h3&Q%!
Ue2 c,!.!!PY!N&1*!R ,43.Y_V@
*ryV!,5+Be* *',PY%!eP,9,ca
-
687 92:;=?@BA#C$DEF>@=GIH5J9(>2D.GELK;M(@(D?NO:DP
>(G(@QLG(NR@?2;=S K>2DTU?
VWYXZ.[WZ.X\X]_^X`[aWb\^Wc^0ddegfgh8^Xfji#W$k(]fgh]l[Z.hmZ.fgnoZ.bUpqarejXfgh8^bXsbfjp5degt`uiofgWb`^bZ.X\iv
[Zmh.Z.fgnoZ.[b=ioW`X]ZwWZmX8xfgyZmWzXf|{}Z.y\~Yt^o[i#adU^yyr[Z.bb8
ikLyiYZ.b^WU^0ddegfgh8^Xfji#W`h]iYiobZw^FpqaegXfgh8^bX^yry[Z.bbXiqabZ8
VWwX]rZ^~bZ.Wh.Ziv}^0Wzt)ioX]Z.[*fgWYvio[p\^Xfji#W*xkZh^W=~}iYi#XbX[^0ds^pqaegXfgh8^0bX
^ddegfgh8^0XfgioW
~YtlabfgWlkZ.egeYWik(WlpqaegXfgh8^0bX`^yry[Z.bbZ.b(ioarXfgWcaWfgh8^0bXU^WypqaegXfgh8^bXq^0Wy
o[ioadp`Z.pq~_Z.[b]fgd\d[i#XiYh.ioegb)fj#p`d\h8^0WUyiuabX=X]_^X8)ikZ.n#Z.[8x
X]fgbfgb=WioX)X]ZF~_Z.bX
k(^tUiv(p^0W}^#Z^0ddegfgh8^Xfji#Wbi0vk(]fgh]X]Z.[Z\fgb=p`i#[ZFX]}^0WioWZqfgWbX^Wrh.Z^0X^0WYti#WZ
Xfgp5Zo
i#[qX]ZmbZox)kZWZ.Z.yc^Op`Z.h]}^0Wfgbpvio[`^egegiYh8^XfgW#[i#ad^yy[Z.bbZ.bUytYW}^0p`fgh8^0ejegtox
^Wry^yfg[Z.h.Xio[tbZ.[nzfgh.Zk(]fgh]h^Wl]ioegyX]Z.bZU^0ejegiYh8^0XfgioWbXio#Z.X]rZ.[qk(fgX]$biop5ZqoZ.t
bZ.bbfgioWUfgWYvi#[p\^Xfgi#Wwvi#[Zm^0p`degZbZ.ZFe^0XZ.[.xYbiqX]}^0X(abZ.[bh8^0W\ejiYi#qad\X]Zs^0yy[Z.bb
^bbiYh.f^XZ.yk(fgX]lX]Z^drdegfjh^Xfgi#W*l(]ZU^yyr[Z.bb^0egejiYh8^0XfgioWl^Wylyfg[Z.h.Xi#[tRvaWrh.XfgioWrb
b]rioaegy\~}Z=yfgbX[fg~arXZ.yUXisbh8^egZwkZ.ege
yyr[Z.bb^egegiYh8^XfgioWFbh]Z.p5Z.b(b]i#aegy^n#iofgyshme^0b]Zmb8x]rZ.Wh.Zwbiop5Z(zfgWyqi0v"]}^0b]vaWh
Xfgi#W`barooZmbXb)fgXbZmev
ar[X]rZ.[p5io[Z#x}~_ioX]X]Zs^0yy[Zmbbs^0ejegiYh8^0XfgioW5btYbXZ.p^0WyUX]rZsyfg[Z.h.Xi#[tUbZ.[nYfgh.Zqh8^0W
X^0oZ^0yno^WYX^0oZi0vX]Z~_^bZmejfgWZpqaegXfgh8^0bXp`Z.h]}^0Wfgbp~Yts^0ynoZm[XfgbfjWrbZ.bbfgioWbX][ioa#]
pqaegXfgh8^0bX_p`Z.bb^0oZ.bioWw^(kZ.ege|YWik(W=^yy[Z.bbxo^WrywabfgW(X]fgb*Xi(fjWvio[pci#X]Z.[yfg[Z.hmXio[t
bZm[noZm[b=XiF[Z.p5inoZ)h.e^b]rZ.b^0Wy\fjWvio[p^ddrejfgh8^0XfgioWrbi0v"X]rZ^0egejiYh8^0XfgioW
(]fgb(fgb(yfgbh.abbZ.yfjW\pqah]qp5io[Z)yZ.X^fge*fgW`h]}^0dXZm[bZmnoZ.W*
[i#adU^yyr[Z.bbZ.bs^0[Zs^0W\Z.YXZ.WbfgioWUi0vX]ZwVWYXZm[WZ.Xw^0yy[ZmbbfgW5bh]Z.p5ZwXiqdr[inYfgyZ
ytYW}^0p`fgh8^egegtw^bbfgoWZmy^0yy[Z.bbZ.b(vi#[I^bZmX(iv"fgWYXZm[v^0h.Z.b(k(fgX]\^wbfjWroegZfgyZ.WYXf{_Z.[8Yi#p`Z
d_Z.iodegZ\^[#aZqX]_^XFbfgWh.Z5fjXfjbWioXwfgyZmWzXf|vtYfjWr^ejiYh8^0XfgioWx*~arXwfgbs^W#Z.tvio[ejiYi#zfgW
adU[ioaXfgWqZ.WYX[fjZmb8x_fgX(fjb)[Z8^0egejt`^W}^p5ZoxYWi#X^W^0yy[Zmbb8x_~arXbfgWhmZwfgX(fjb)X^0oZ.W5v[iop^
WZ.kbZ.h.Xfji#WUiv2X]Zb^p5Z=fjyrZ.WYXf|{}Z.[(bd}^h.Zq^b(Wrio[p\^e_VWYXZ.[WZ.X=Vl^yy[Z.bbZ.b8xX]Zwkio[y
o#o.
]_^b(bXah j
bs^bfgyZqZ
Z.h.XFiv^5]i#bXwh.i#p`darXZ.[ui#fjWrfjWr^WVLpqarejXfgh8^bXo[ioadx*Xki\X]fgW#b
]}^0dd}ZmW*
6#(]Z]riobX2[Zdr[io#[^0p`b*fgXb"WrZ.Xki#[wfgWYXZm[v^0h.Z(Xi=[Zmh.Z.fgnoZ(d}^0hoZ.XbXi)X]Z^0yyfgXfgioW_^e
o[i#adU^yyr[Z.bbX]_^X(fgb~_Z.fgWqabZ.y\vi#[(X]fgbpqaegXfgh8^0bX8
r(]Z`]i#bXFfgWYvio[p`bw^egeWZ8^0[~Yt[i#aXZ.[bqivX]Z5v^h.XFX]_^XFX]Z.[Z\fjb\^0XsegZ8^0bXwi#WZ
[Z.h.fgdfgZ.WYXvi#[(d}^h#Z.Xb)XiFX]}^0X(pqaegXfgh8^bXI^0yy[Z.bb
[i#adb^0[Z)yfgbXfgW#afgb]Zmyq~zt]}^nYfjWrbZ.d}^0[^XZpqaegXfjh^bX^0yy[ZmbbZmbw
uabX^baWfgYaZ
]i#bXb=^[ZyrfjbXfgW#afgb]Z.y\~Yt`]_^nzfgWFaWfgYaZ=aWfgh8^0bX=^yy[Z.bbZ.bm\aegXfjh^bX^0yy[Z.bb=^b
bfg#Wp`Z.WYX
fgb*#Z.WZ.[^egegtwytYW}^0p`fgh^egX]i#ao]biop5Z^yy[Z.bbZ.b(^[ZbZmX^0bfgyZvio[kZmeje#YWik(W
o[ioadrb.x^0WyqaWyrZ.[(X]Z)h.ioWYX[ioe
i0v*h.ioegegZ.h.XfgioWbiv*X]ZabZ.[b(]fgbfgbfgW`h.i#WzX[^0bXXiv[Z
YaZ.Whmt^0bbfj#Wp`ZmWzXfjW\X]Z=Z.egZ.h.X[ip^0oWZ.Xfghbd}Zmh.X[apxrk(]Z.[ZX]Z=~}^0Wyk(fgyX]fjW5X]Z
bZmWbZ)iv Wzarpq~}Z.[iv
yf|Zm[Z.WYXd_iobbfg~egZv[Z.YaZ.Wrh.fgZ.bfgb^)bh8^0[h.Z([Z.bi#a[h.Z=h.i#p`d}^0[Z.yk(fjX]
X]rZWYapq~_Z.[2iv*pqaegXfgh8^0bXVWzXZ.[WrZ.X^yyr[Z.bbZ.bVWqX]rZ[^0yfgis^Wryq(ki#[egy*xv[Z.YaZ.Wrh.fgZ.b
^[Zw^bbfgoWZ.y5aWyZm[(oegio~}^0e^0Wy`W_^Xfgi#W}^e_X[Z8^XfjZmb^Wy5e^k(b2VW`X]Z=VWzXZ.[WrZ.X8xrX]Z.[Zs^[Z
bi#p`Z)XiYioegbvi#[pqaegXfjh^bX^yy[Z.bb=p\^W}^0oZ.pqZ.WYXxk(]fgh]kZ=k(fgeje
egiYio`^0Xe^0XZ.[
]iobXhmiop`draXZ.[yiYZ.b(Wi#X]_^noZXis~_Z=fgW^pqaegXfgh8^bX2o[i#ad`Xis~_Zw^~egZ)XiFbZ.Wy\Xi
fgX8
WYtoi#WZoxY^WYtYk(]Z.[Zox^WYtYXfgp`Z=hmaZh.iYhYX^0fje_pqabfjh*h^WqbZmWyU^=d}^h#Z.XXiF^WYts#[i#ad
fgWX]Z5Xfgp`Z]i#Wioar[Z.yVWYXZ.[WZ.XFbXtYegZo4.q)iobXbsh^WX^0oZqd}^0[XwfgWpqaegXfgdegZwpqaegXfjh^bX
bZmbbfgi#Wb8VXfgbad`XiwX]rZ[Zmh.Z.fgnYfjWr^0ddegfgh8^Xfji#Wb2XiwX^#Zh8^0[Zi0v*k(]Z.X]Z.[(X]rZ.tqh8^WqyrZ8^e
k(fgX]RpqaegXfgdegZs[Z.h.Z.drXfgioWb=vio[FZ.^p5degZox2f|vtoi#a$[Z.h.Z.fgnoZU^0ayfgiUv[ioppqaegXfgdegZ^0ayfgi
bZmbbfgi#Wb8xryist#ioaqk(^WYXXiFp`fgwX]rZ.p^Wry`X]rZ.W\de^tsX]Z.pi#aXXiFX]Z=h.i#WYvabfgioW`i0v*X]Z
abZ.[io[2egZ.XX]Z^ddrejfgh8^0XfgioWrb"^egegikX]rZ(abZ.[Xi=h]iYiobZ8Uv
h.ioa[bZoxYf|v toi#a^0[Z([Zmh.Z.fgnYfjWr
^aryfgiv[i#ppqaegXfgdegZ
bi#a[hmZ.b2bZ.WyrfjWrXi(X]Zb^p5Z*bZ.bbfji#W*xX]ZabZ.[*d[io~}^0~egtyiYZ.bkI^0WYX
Xi\]Z^[=X]ZmpX]ioaro]p^tY~}Z=Wi#X84.=Vv(toi#aU[Zmh.Z.fgnoZqpqaegXfjdrejZ)nYfjyrZ.i\bZ.bbfgioWbx*yri`toi#a
k(^WYXXiqyfgbde^t`X]ZFnzfgyZmi`fgW\pqaegXfgdegZk(fgWyik(bxi#[egZ.XX]ZFabZ.[=h]iYiobZsi#WZwi#[p`i#[Z
bZmbbfgi#Wb8(v2h.ioar[bZ#xX]rZ.[Zs^0[Z=XkiwbZ.d_^[^0XZwYaZmbXfgi#Wb(]Z.[Zoxi#WZi0v"WZ.Xkio[qh8^d_^h.fgXtYx
-
o0$l"2.2 2=ls(
rs(o.2*r.g}jr.Y.mI0mmI0(.Fo8q}0o.o.
gqYg}.g.rj)o(gorq.Y.g#*g(g_oggwF_zYF...g#.=(j
`(Yqzr(jrs.gr.8 5}Ygs5o80}.gqF#mw}0
rg 2gqqgg88om..go.($g_(F`o`}q.5
_sgwq}rgwY#jrjrsqgjrj)ooF#(.o.g#g##}=w}mjr
mz)FYq0m#m.}\rw.m.go.)}(r8}0.gFo.
(#mjFr(z.r.(og=`.mo(gg=0g)og}0gjr
.#.Yrjr`#o..}=w8_gw0qrjg8swgY8go\ooro)
m.s`..5gwrq.ggo..q})gr.\om}0#.#F#.
Fr.0"...gom8
g.wgr}0jgqYg=#g0Yj5.`(0"rYq_.
ggY}(}0o.o.o2o.0s0jsro(`g.`qrjgg(g`.o5
0`(ggs0zY(moY.0)ogw.#g.0I0o0(_ogY2.ggz#0Yg.
mjg#.5m.wqg(`#)0.(#(wg0og(.g\F`.5w`F#orU
_.ogo_rorjq_zgqqgY#w.#Y)#.#
.0w`m`s0g#.0
ogo)ogU0`.. |I.`0`0zjY802..gg.Y8qog\`.qr=
`m`qgq.#g.srmjg#.wg=\oq..gg.Y82Yg\orjrgU`Y#
}0s0mog.ow#gog}0}..)`0j =#gq0`..0(#`mo)
.#zYgqgors=I5jr*
g(`Y. 0}om(.ggo.`}0(}UF#\ ..=o\rwIq}0g|
80goqo#5`.2}o)jr.`s.#m(qgg8g=oo58
)0Y(
#g(#*()g*gs.#Y...oY(r.m".w8r...gooo(..
=.}0rg#z2w_8Foo0F=#`0g`#.ww=mo`rjm.gw.}
0=g.om}0"rY.}m8w*g5Y.*5o.#Y=qgg802`Ym
g(}#gjmw.wg`.5(28g_.*r}Yo.oYoY5.q}mrjqmoYo.gzg`0
mg#gYo\j#0`s#*
=m})r.g#(*5.q}mrjz0.gYg0
.#Y...F.oYo2rj..Ug\.g g\_.(g
gwgwgg.ms.#Y0wU.YgjrU`Y.g=(.#Y...g_ro=.5go g
rgmjmoYYr(..mj#.8q}or.g#.#Yrz# l}g.280gjm
q(8g2m_8=qg5o}0rU.mjrjmzw\q.#Y...58g2o.|
#Fg#wg.*F#wjroF..=g*800F}0g.g}0Y8 0
g 0"r.g(8ggYg80gjq#sYwro=goo
r.wg`#rj.goU0"g
`Ymz0*ooF.o5qg80gow2g.2jmo.ggq}r.mo
((F}.#g
}#mo`)q=z.r.qgj.#Y....=g(g`qYg.
Y`Y.#g (.(m`g} #*5..gg*j5g(g.`g}0.
o(Yo#=q.r8
rj\zgqgw(m\mF_FjY.0.gomj#}.rjY.o5jr`g
5o(0Yg_ `m.gF.w0\(.\.\gj#o
qgj#\..j0gom`8.}=g5jmU5.gom* `#)#0gj
m.U(g`(gggYoqgq}r.(.*
)}#jF*g.#
o#\j=gg80.`o`F.YmzzFo(jrqzrq}.)g.s0.
rY.m}(rYg#j#} qrjg8.m.
*g*g.g#(gw_or"g.}0go2(Y*_*##w.#`qg80|o(`g#z
__o.g.o roF.5go2\5j#Ywqgjs00mmgl
}0#.`0wjogoU(g.rc$jgqw.mjrjmz8
g`orjR#
goqr`ooRI0
zm 0$8o}0g\g qogYgYj_..o5
\}0o80g(#(oo(g\r
(o
8Y(rjUwg
\grwg\
Y..U0j._g#`g#z2_=F.`gqwm.Y0*ggrgoq.#.(mw
mmo.zg} 0\jrg(o)\g Fm.gg.Y8
gorj5}\g\0.
2.Yg=Y..=.go\ggooYYojr.wgorj5}Fw.mz0"gorom.
0jg0\}.o0.rorjm`880*Ym.=qgjggm(}#\
oo\.#Y#*\w}0ggg#`0YgYFrw.o
-
"!#$&%(') *$+!-,/. 012 034$5-$1674,8 09:
;=A@CBDBDEGF)H0IKJ*>MLONPHOJ*L0QSRTNLOU&@VL0WX6YZ@C[8\J]H0Q^UdRTNLO_c@CHOWKf[8IZ@VYH0J]LjklH0NbWJ*H0J]L"m
_JUIKJ*L0J#H0NlRTNLOU&@VL0W^YZ@V[n\J*H0QHONZo
pqsr+q"t uwvfxy0z|{c}MyO~dxg={S#xzz=~
">:)IZ@CYKH0J*LH0ILOJ*JFAU+JW
-
g`h6h=
#8 2b/l#*
gVVD?]OC"0D)*DD*OCOn+O*gD0*DD0O?)DOV|OnCK0A0)O0g*"
fZV00D*KV=0VO?(08aOZCD0]G#C]0OZCfO0DgVD0nV**#D
0OnCK0DOnCK?
(C*4agaA*CV**0V&C^*dOC"*b00g*]*OaZ
0]0D]:O8Z*?K*DDZ
4gKCZag-f4Cg
D0#ZV*aD0Da*ZC80*OD
*]O4*0]G(**(0DO?Kl0]00D0#AV00D*(D0KnV
ZC]0
bV*D0DDZ*O***D]0# 4*0*g#*K0O0VV0aV00D*
? 0*ZVnV0! ZC#"" D0*ACnV0b08COZ0:AO0:C%$C(0*ACnV0faDO?C0
0&*('DhCDOcCDDC0K|]0*g(*OAD*:K)4*O*ghgZVD?"(C
0*OGD*+*K#-,C(D]a**0OD):OO*aDgO8T*O*g0CDDf0
GD]:ZC*0aC*VD:ZV*O
VD0D=OaOD0*a^:l?OO
0**]?hV?K0(*. ZC/*-,CK?0DO?O0DC`C**]0)?DlcZ
CDOcAC0OD*DZCODfO*0ODb0D^K?:VDcV(DO8AGV0b*OC
0K*0D0]DOnV0*O0D:^VD0#0*bC(0**]?*g?K*Z
0aV132AG546=%798
]0""4O08D**^G(g**D^00*OZ*")**
0:O*]SV0^O***D]0;:*0*O*0*/0D0D"f08^cfO*:0^CD
0nV0D*gGK**?^OO*0C^OaZC]0]K0D0Da< ZC-?D4A**
T)|]0*gOD*gKn*aCOV*D=gC:V?>8D00]
@
V "0D(+CK?DV0DK08:C)CDVgD*l**^0#AhCK?0KA|]0V
0DZVn#C)0O***D]T+Og*D*g0DOO*COB>8D00]&V*^ga0
*")#C#0*]C*)00DDZVO?(D0*V0DODZ]"+*]a0(*ZVnK
O*0CGKC`C`DKO|*TC8:ZV*)a0)CO0^O?(*08C(
DnaD*0K0D(&VOO*]*a0KZVn&VV0O*EDO0ZVT
CDCKgD*ACnO?(DO**C]0gDD***OnV0OFGKC0KhCK0DO
0D0ZVhOZVn&VV0O*fCO#0*K*4DOOD0*V0D0(0
0K*ZC8#ZC*0
HGH7BI%7/J]K%7ML
VDhV#GD]N ACDDO***D4*0D/>8D00]V#Z00DD
|*OD:gZCDD"^CO*0gD*VD:CfgD*:OZCl+*OnCKZ*V0KnV
0DV0#0*K*#c^V00DVhOa0]**D*#C0a8C(0D
L
0
0**]?*KC8O ZC?DK**:|*O0]CK*"+N>8DO0*
g0]"
ZCMOg80DnCOD:V:AA*"0(*^gSVZCK0Da0K*0#A4*0O
0ZV+8CK?]$nC(*0ZV+0DDZV0*V+OnV0D(&V0K+C)0
nC(ODC'DO*gD0*#0ZV0K0D(*0ZV|]0*gF ZCT0 0KnV
0*K*)*0lCO0]COVDVDCO0**]?*0
PBQ3RSQP TVUNW9XYWZ\[^]_`aWbTdcZ/e(f1g
-
/NFSBB;CBFS/-=B9SSBNHSSNSbN/FH/
1~-SA=dIAv
-
S/dN.-
!#"$!&%
'(*),+.-0/1-&),2-435-&6879-/:;,=@?#),ACBD-2-=,E(*)GF,--AIH
7?J2K
LMONQPSRUTVUW$XZY[TXZRURU\Z]YY[\.PS^[W>_>YJT[\`Y[_>aSbcT[\`XINQPSRUTVUW$XdYTe.^[\.PSf9]VUTgS\hPSTij_>VUaSeXQ^[_>W>_>VUkh_>^
\ZlmT[gnXZTe.^[\.PSfpoq\Z]_>k._>^srZlt\.^N`XZauJWv\.alw_v^_>aSWvVxa
eyfSP ^fj\.Y_vYVUTVUYzP Y_{lwP R|T\J}aS\Z]~]g \JVUY
RUVUYT_vaSVUaSeT[\Tg _W>\.alt_>^_>a W>_.rSXZa
bJ]gS_>T[gS_>^T[gS_zNI_>bSVXn\Z]YXZ^[_z^[_$XZW{gSVUaSe^_>Wv_>VUk._>^[YzfS^[\.f
_>^[RxuopW>W>P
^XZT[_>RUu,fj_>^lt\.^NIVUaSein\hTg,T[gS_>Y[_T{XZY[}Y^_vYT^[VUW>TYTgS_YW$XdRxVUaSe\ZlmTg
_W>\halw_>^[_>aSW>_.o
LMcNQP RxT[VUW$XZY[TN,_$XdaSYT[gnXZTaS\Z\.a
_}aS\Z]YTgS_fS^[_>W>VUY_N,_vNQin_>^[YgSVUfQ\dlXJW>\halw_>^[_>aSW>_#XZTX
Yfj_>W>VnWQT[VUN,_.rjXZaSbT[gSVUYVxalw\.^[N`XZT[VU\.aQW$XdaSaS\.Tij_yb
VxY[W>\Zk._v^_>bmrpXZYT\IT^uT\,b \,Y\]\.PSRUb
W$XdPSY_XZacVUNIfSRU\.YVU\ha\ZlN,_>Y[YXde._>YsrN`XZau\dl]gSVUW{gc]z\hPSRUbcin_IRx\hYT#gSVUYJVUYJaS\hTyT[\YXsu
TgjXZTJ]_QW$XZa aS\.T#}aS\Z]T[gS_,ij\.PSa
bSYy\dl0XW>\.alt_>^_>a
W>_N,_>NQij_>^Y[gSVUfmrmXY[PSiSY[_>Ty\dl]gS\.N
N,VUehgTin_IfS^_vY_>aT,XZTQXZauT[VUN,_#T[gSVUYJW$Xdaij_,bS\haS_QPSYVUaSe9_>aSWv^ufSTVU\haXZa
bc^_>Y[T^VUW>T[_>b
bSVUYT[^VUiSPST[VU\.a\dlz_>aSW>^[ufSTVU\.ac}h_>uY$r|\dlz]gSVUW{gNI\.^[_RXdT_>^soJLaSY[T_$XdbmrmMf
^\ZkVUbS_>YJXZf
fS^[\ZVUNXZT_NI_>NQij_>^Y[gSVUf,VUalw\h^N`XdTVU\.a#Tg ^\.P
e.gfn_v^VU\bSVUWJNQPSRUTVUW$XdYT\dl1Y[_>YY[VU\.aNI_>YY{XZe._vY
]gSVUW{gmrjVUaXdbSbSVUTVU\ha`T[\,VUalw\h^NXZTVU\ha,XZij\.PSTT[gS_y^[_>W>VUfSVU_>aT$r|XdRxY[\,ehVxkh_Vxalw\.^[N`XZT[VU\.a,XZij\.P
T
Tg
_^_>Wv_>fSTVU\ha~PnXZRUVUTuXZTQT[gnXZTQ^[_>W>_>VUk._v^$oMY_>Y[YVU\.aON,_>Y[YXZeh_>Y`Xd^_^_vYT^[VUW>T_>bVUa
^XdT_.rjY[\,TgjXZTXZYX#W>\.alw_>^_vaSW>_Qe.^[\Z]Y$r
TgS_J^{XZT[_J\ZlY_vYYVU\haNI_>YY{XZe._vY^_>NXZVUaSYW>\haSYT{XZaT$r
XZa
b_$XdW{g^[_>W>_>VUk._v^J^_>fj\.^[TYJRU_>Y[Y\ZlwT[_>amoJNI_>NQin_v^\ZlzT[gS_yWv\.alw_v^_>aSWv_,W$XdaaS_vk._>^}aS\Z]
_>SXZWvTRUu]g
\VUYJfS^_vY_>aTQXZTyXfjXZ^T[VUW>PSRXZ^JT[VUN,_lw^[\.N@MO^_>fj\.^[TYsriSPST#bS\_>YJgnXskh_,X
e.\\b`XdfSfS^[\ZVUNXZTVU\hayT[\QTgS_JWv\.alw_v^_>aSWv_JN,_>NQij_>^[YgSVUfmo
_>Wv_>fSTVU\haPnXZRUVUTuQVUalw\.^[N`XdTVU\.a#VUYfS^VUN`Xd^VURUuyVUaT_vaSbS_>blt\.^bS_>i
PSe.ehVxa eyfSP ^fj\.Y_vY$rmXdY
bS_>i PSe.ehVxa e\ZlLMNQPSRUTVUW$XdYTfS^\hiSRU_>N,YVUYyXb
V,WvPSRUTT{XZY[}oq\Z]z_vk._>^srVxTVxYfn\hYYVUiSRU_QT[\
PSY[_^[_>W>_>f
TVU\.aPnXdRUVxTu#VUalw\h^N`XdTVU\.a&lw\.^^XdT_JXZbnXdfSTVUkh_Y_vaSbS_>^[Y$r|XZRUTg
\.PSehgQVxTVUYza \.TW>RU_$Xd^
]gS_>T[gS_>^#TgSVUYVUalw\h^N`XdTVU\.aVUYYP,WvVx_vaT[RUuT[VxNI_>RUuT\in_,XdiSRU_yT[\XZbjXZfSTlXdYT_>aS\hPSe.gcT[\
T^{XZaSY[VU_>aTW>\haSe._>Y[TVU\.apoq\Z]_>kh_>^$r
VxTVUYW>_v^TXdVUaSRUu,YP,W>VU_>aTlw\.^fS^[\ZkVxb Vxa
eXdbnXZfST{XZT[Vx\ha,T[\
X9Y[gnXZ^[_>Q\ZlTgS_W>PS^^[_>aTW$XdfnXZWvVxTuo
gS_fS^VUaSWvVxf
Rx_^[_$XZY[\.aTgnXdTQVUTyVUY#gnXZ^[bT[\cPSY_T[gSVUY,XZfSfS^[\XdWglw\.^#e._vaS_>^XdRW>\haSe._vY
TVU\haXskh\.VUbnXdaSW>_VUYTgS_lXZWvTTgnXdTlw_>_vbSinXZW{}N,_vYYXde._>YXZ^[_JaS_>W>_vYYXd^VURUubS_>RXsuh_>bXZaSb_$XdWg
^_vW>_>VUk._>^#\.a
Rxu^_>fj\.^[TYQXZTJXI^XZT[_Q]gSVUW{gcVxYVUak._>^[Y_>RUu9fS^\hfn\h^T[Vx\hanXZRT[\`T[gS_,NI_>NQij_>^Y[gSVUf
\ZlT[gS_yWv\.alw_v^_>aSWv_\.T[gS_>^[]VxY[_yT[gS_JaS_vT]z\h^}VUYn\\bS_>b]VUT[gTgS_vY_#^_>fj\.^[TY$oOgSVURx_T[gSVUY
N,_sXZaSYT[gnXZTTg _RXd^e._v^XdaSb,NI\.^_b
_>aSY_vRxuQT[gS_^_>Wv_>VUk._>^fj\.fSP
RXdTVU\.aQfj_>^[N,_$XdT_>YT[gS_aS_>T
]\.^}|rpTgS_QNI\.^[_yfSRXdW>_>YyXd^_QYXdN,fSRU_>bfn_>^[VU\b
VxWsXZRURUurjlt\.^N,\bS_>Y[TJYVU>_Qeh^\hPSfSY$rpTg
VxYN`Xsu
N,_sXZaQTgjXZTaS_>T]\.^}QWv\.aSbSVUT[Vx\haSYXZYfn_>^[W>_>VUk._vb`iu,XY\hPS^W>_JXd^_PSVUT_\hPST\ZlmbnXdT_.o\hN,_
\.T[gS_>^XZYfj_>W>T[Y\dl1M^_vfn\h^TYXZ^[_b
VxY[W>PSY[Y_>b9VUa,W{gnXZf T_>^_>VUe.gT$o
!#"$!#!
Q-2Q/WvPS^VUTuVUYNI\.^[_Y[\W>VXZRURUu`Wv^VUTVUW$XdRmVUaNQPSRUTVUNI_>bSVXW>\hN,NQPSaSVW$XZT[VU\.aQTgjXZa9VxaT[^XZb
VxT[VU\.anXdR
bnXdTXW>\.NINQPSaSVUW$XZT[VU\ZamoLaT^P
YVU\.a\.^#bSVUYW>RU\.Y[PS^_\dlgPSN`XdagP N`XsaW>\hN,NQPSa
VxWsXZTVU\haVUY
N,\h^_}._>_>a
Rxu*lw_>RUTTgjXZa,\dlJN,_v^_>#bnXZT{XSo
aSVUW$XdYTXZaSbQNQP RxT[VUW$XZY[TNQP
RxT[VUN,_>bSVXW>\hN,NQPSa
VxWsXZTVU\ZaJ^[_>PSVU^_Y\.NI_XZbSb VxT[VU\.anXdRT[_>W{g
aSVUPS_>Y*lw\.^QfS^[\.T[_>W>TVU\haXZeXZVUaSYT#Tg
_>Y_cXZaSb~Xk.XZ^VU_>Tuc\dlJ\.Tg
_>^,Y[_>W>PS^[VxTu~XdTTXdW{}YsoS\h^
_>SXZNIfSRU_.rjTgS_v^_,VUYJXIT_>NIfSTXdTVU\.aT\in_vRxVU_>kh_QTgnXdTNQPSRUTVUW$XZY[TVUYVUaSgS_>^[_>aTRUuRU_>YYfS^VUk.XZT[_
TgjXZa,P aSVUW$XZY[TzW>\hN,NQPSa
VxWsXZTVU\haJYVUaSW>_TgS_T[^Xs,WkVxY[VUTYY\#N`XZauJNI\.^[_fSRXZW>_>YVUa,T[gS_aS_>T
]\.^}|oLa,lXZW>TsrSTg
VxYVUYaS\.TT[gS_JW$XdY_#_>W>_>fST]VxT[giS^\XZbSW$XdYTXZaSbf
^PSaS_Tufj_JNQPSRUT[VxWsXZYT
^\hPSTVUaSefS^\hT\W>\.RUYJb
kNI^fo,q\Z]z_vk._>^srLMNQPSRUTVUW$XZY[TbS\_>YJN`Xd}._#VUTJYVUN,f
Rx_&lw\.^yXgS\.Y[T
T\9XZaS\hauNI\.PSY[RxuJ{\hVUaXINQPSRUTVUW$XdYTe.^[\.PSfXdaSb9^_>W>_vVxkh_T^X,WQbS_>Y[TVUaS_>bT\T[gnXZTJeh^\hPSf
]VUTgS\hPSTmT[gS_\.T[gS_>^Y_vaSbS_>^[YXdaSbJ^_vW>_>VUk._>^[Yz}aS\Z]RU_>b
e._.opLtlnTg _XdfSfSRUVUW$XZT[Vx\ha^_>PSVU^_vN,_>aTVUY
T\W>\.NINQPSaSVUW$XZT[_ij_>T]z_v_>aY\.NI_Y_>T\ZlmP
Y_>^[Y$rTg _>a,Y[T^VUW>Tf
^VUk.XZW>u#W$XdaQ\.aSRUu#in__>alw\h^W>_>b
VUa`XdauIW$XZY[_JTg ^\.P e.gXZbS_vPjXZT__>a
bT[\Z_>aSb_vaSW>^ufST[VU\.amo
McY[fn_vW>Vn_>YXYT{XZaSbjXZ^b]XsuQT\#_>aSW>^[ufSTMXdaSb`1McfnXdW}h_>TYP
YVUaSe#fS^VUk.XZT[_
}._vu,_>aSWv^ufSTVU\ha`Y[W{gS_>N,_vYYPSW{gXdY9voLTXZRUY\#Yfj_>W>Vn_>YX#YT{XZaSbnXd^bN,_vWgjXZaSVUYNT[\
N`XdaSVUfSPSRXZT[_mfSRXdVxaT[_>Tm}._vuYPSY[VUaSeSU$vY\TgnXdTmTg
_z^[_>YPSRUT[Vxa eiSVUT|YT[^VUaSeW$XZa#in_PSY_>b
-
. h#I>z||{
Zh>pSUZUUZ|U, x.SdjZSJI>{nZ x[,|[S{d
U.Z>h>SndS>>
`dUSQjS>w.> >S[xh.>I>jZSh.
[ 0SmS|pS O
SS
>SU[US
U.9U>U.[>UU>9dSSv[U$Z[xhm.w>vS>,h[>[xhcSU>v.[
.v$dJjz[>>S[>UJSU[USS[>y US SSUU{h>>S[.hZ
hyhS{Z. nZ[U
>ZUSQSUv>h[>U>|hd>SUU>U>.t>>
>,[>S9,vjZSUS
xUhSU,Z.`dS>>[n$Z[U.,>{ndSU
>[Q>>[w,[nZ.v,.Uh>
>QUQ ,>hv>,S
SUxI.>w.#jZ#S>sS{v>[j$Z[xh,>{ndSU,
QZ[y
.j>>nQ[,>hw>[>S>USmZS9SIdSnd9,>{ndSU,Z[yvS[>U
U,S[wh>.t>> >USQSS[nh>.[S>[nZ!
#"
.vU .SS[U.Z>%$
x[>,v[&j[hS`dSSv[U$Z[xhZz*S>U[$SU>
ZUSJ#S>.I>[>.dU.>[SUUISd.nZ[>SUUUUSn
[' (`)+*Sp-,
.
|0/ m
>[U.x[>>[.U>#$d`d.#>S>[S>[>[xhdSS.
S>>I>#SUS U.Z[Q.>
>SvSUh1ZS$Z[[S>S>[SU..>Q[jS>
w.JsZ{Z[S>.w>vS>
,vS[sZ,pU[S[>[xhm32~SUUSUpS>mShm[.U. zh>SU[USSUh .
xv4
US>dxUZUShxv.wv>SvJ#nZS .SSv>,I.[nZI.Sv,.[nd,hS
.v..[.S0.Sv$Z{I.hS, .USz
5|>[>>[U.ISU>>[.[,.v6h#nd
.[.S y$dj,S[.ShJh.>[S>QU[US.UQ>hw>[>S>UShS#nsx
`[SZ
$dhS>#7 .vs
SUUSU>S[>xSvZU|U{nZS[>vm
8:9&8>@ABDCFE3AGIHIJKGEMLONDP-ELOC:HQ=SROTUA%GVCWHITYXZATN+G
[
.dU>ZS.[S>dSSUU$Z[U.S|nshj>>#S>.vxhnvJ.[S>m[nZ#ZSSUdSUSv.
>$
S>[,Z[Q.IJSS xU#S.ZUZS xU$dU.>SZ, xvjZzQUUm QUUUS[Z[
SUv>U.QUQSU{,Z SUxsZUhSZSj$Zn>h.UUSyd>>.InZJQ
x[UQ>S
Z SUxsZUhS$
\
,UZU`d.SU[>,UndU.Q .hdwh ]SUh>[xIZ3^sU12~IU
jZv` x[>jZ[Qw[.`_)aD_.bxnd>v>SU[.wh`]cD_dS
\
\
S>
Z[SU>S[>U, >dx|UIjZS[>>U.$pSndUSvU.S[x
>USUS[>Iw.Sv U
ZQUSsw[.edzZgfZ>hSh`ZD_)aD_h$dxU>O_U.zvxhz>[U.S#SZSQ[vU>>U
{nZ >>U.z[yUUUS[dSUUS$wS[Sv$h
.SZhz$d>yd,>Sd,SUZS
>[$Z[xhZzJUU.>U.[>[xhS>s
hpxhS:
.iSZS[xIz[$S>SvyU.hxh>QUQ>[USQSJUU.>U.>[U.
j>zv>U>s
\
c x$d[U
[
>sZv,,[>[U.Z .>[U>I>&ZS9h,
UId>d[vSSUS#,> #[[$ZD>h>9ShS. >#`sQjy
,v>>U.>Jd
jZ[xI.mh,U,Z[>&hUjaUk{hUS
>[U.1SdSQ{Z[J[>>>U.[S{#l,.
[
J[SQ$Z[UxvJhSnh[SSUU[gaZU[`Zh>dnm.dc[>>[.Z[xhc>S[SIS
o
Zp$ndUxQU{ZUZ>[.[
SUUSU>S[>S[.ShS.S[SJj.)SZSnd[xvSZUQU,[SJU>[USS>s
8:9&8#nsh.U.v d~Z.vU> dy >.InhS>Ind,hcZZ
`dx JQSUUQ>S.[S
\
>[S>w$dUSUJZS
o
vUSU.M2cns.U..v`Z,>
$dSS[dSQ>S>SUSdS>.[yIS>U|wh{ZS[,U[U.1.dSQZ[.,Z|
ndU
US$dxISJd$Z>[U>,S>Uwhz[S{dSIUUh1dzvx|ZvhSUndU.IZ
>J >Uxh>I>[xv>$
-
xyzx|{6y~}33F+
User ACreatesConference
User AStartsSenidng
RTP
SDP/SDAP
User BReceivesSessionAnnouncement
User BJoins Conference
Users Applicationmakes reservation
Quality ofServiceImproves
RTPIGMP
IGMPIGMP
RTP
RSVP Path Message
RSVP
RSVP
RTP
RTP
RTCP Users AppSends RTCPSession Message
RTCP
RTCP
0zg3.|DzzzW|O.%F.
-
3+FD~:FsD3DD+)DD+D+3F)3
+FzjzU|%z.!OgzzsjOF-.O#:
g0.zOMOzzU#%.%s3#Fz
.zzg.z.O#pzzOzDOzzg:U#:z
z:%U|#%#.#zgc3Dz:!Os6%
.U|zOzs.O#
+sz+|O!sgz&z114gszO##&
.D.Og!#z1zg.+.+O%zsgz&z1
Dc:zDz%%:#FsO|zOD.s&|)|z
U!%DF.z:3gzzOz&)sg!j:UD!
cz.+|zz&!M+z%Uz1
!zz6%g:sgz&z:.zDc|z!Fg.z%
zzzF)gzzzO%D.!3zFgg!zz.%O&|!zg
z0sgz&|zDzc|%!z|&z6.#z.zz
-
"!$#&%(')!+*-,$/.10324.)*-56.7*98&:;:/!$.?$.@2A:60"5=%/.10"B;#&'1.9C=:;D$.18&%FEG:%/H$,$,+:EG:60>#YCW,$8&.1CJ.1;"#&$I/!$.1%".cC=.1'N!V*U$#&%"C=%PQ
d=e`f gih9j?kmlnj?o
pVI6H$0".4q$Q&r*P[ "!V*UT/!$.J;".10/$.1
,$0/:-B_#&D$.@%?%":6C=.J:-E3/!$.1%/.='1:6C=,+:8&:#&"%>CW:%".@0"#&:*P[=:UEs.1;,$0/.1%"%/#&$I=,+.10E:%".@7*-0/.70/.18&.1B
-
XXZST3y>$X41XXv
The User The Network
Request Service (Parameters, Payment)
Send Data, Possibly Shaped
Respond to Policing or...
Respond to Congestion, by
adapting
Complete Session
Dimensioning
Reservations
Policing, or...
congestion indications
Routing of Packets, respecting params.
Scheduling of Packet forwarding...
Monitoring, and possibly charging
etc etc
etc etc
a&6$"?$&6s_-Z{-JUs("1-$ 3@A6"{u1";&1?;"@U1
;$@A;VU>&A$V$1
4;V-A;@";&1=;3&6=V-N-W1"1
VUY&JU;1/;Y@=V$U1>"1/;Y@?"1&1@"1b&$&YZ3;=/V1@+?"&
-
$Zy;3>93>7
! #"$#%&(')*+&(,+
-/.)"/) 0"/123/ 43+56&&
-"78)9'#:;+:""/7,(,+/-"&
9."Wg-)3:
7HE18+D.%1D')FE'""/E&H"%7H,'6E&
A
)D
&E.S+.b"'"%14&4;N$SD
- ~# CPR
- @)V(9
-
"!#%$'(*),+-/.0&21345)
687:9?A@
BC
;?DE67GF=HJI:KMLNI79G689O;P=Q>R=HTSUT68D;9WV
C
68?DIXY9 ;P7A689dcNeN=9
C
;P>"eN68?7Ib\,=UDX?
-
'%,,/WY3 /"3
-
dVe f%g:h,ij3k3lnmIop,kcj6qsrlctvu0k3lxw%yf3k{z|r~}k3/u
XZ0QKI0@0^VI(0III#@0@@00Q(#0Z>#0(0X/0(
@00:SKJ^S>0ZV00/K#0!&S0ZVS0x>0Z@:&I#
@0@V
{E>,SC0@K>#SsJ>JK>I@V0ZVS0C0(-J0(#VZ>#@V{J
S@=J(0QQ(=>S>6KJ=SJ#(@0^#(^Z>SI0#0#SV%S0J
0@(@(0@0X0
KJ6@0@V^@V#6#V@=J0V0@XJ0KJ6#0^J
J(@I^0ExV#`E S
S0ZV>ZJ0J0Q^(V#,I0#=Q-V@#@/KS@QS6#K>&I0
@#0@(#0ZJ6#(Q%I@0@#0#^@V#>#60Q=>@-@XKJ0QKSV
E S300/0~P6-:
0
I@3IV#=J@x>-Q(@
6>IC0S(V@&J0C0Q6>xKQSJ
0J%>X-V#@0^VV[#J00(>0Q,X>0SJ3#&@Q#I
(Q00/K>J>%0
6KJ0>IXK0
QJ#>#(@0@X{IV0@{>8#0^V>#XS@E>I0#J00@@>#S0
J@0S0V8I!#=I^@(0#@0@V6#s#K>0I>00@@J@V0CIX{I
0
Q(@
>#,IV(@00Q
0IQ&cKVZJQ6>%#(QJV
Sx#
-VA30@x@30#=>I#@VKJ0#(Q,(0>I
(#0K>x0#@
>>VV(E(0@J@[@0@
(C#0S0V^
&I0@0C@#V0#
e
KJ#0@@JsIK>0Q
([>0=J0@@V>x(0E/0#0^JI
(=:#(0#3V0x0#(00%0#V0#x>#IKJ##@V[0IES
#V0#
^@8S>@KJ^#0S0@@E(0@J@@IQ(Qs0#Is
=>I0V0S>I0(>X:>V#@&>/V#@0@,QVC0@0@#V%#0@%VI0
VI#(IC>30GQ(6#V0#
d
xV(#V@@!@(>6I[@>sJ#0#^0>(@0SK>X>(Q>IES
>0>#6#I0QJ6G30Q[@@#@,S0Q6X@JV0CS0Q6V>E
>(Q6@,@#>@@!J~@@@#I#0CX>I@#^#0C0ExV#!#
KJ6IEV>0QKQ
@S!@>6G#00QES^x[>VQEE0V@0QS
0SKJ6>#>0@Q
%IQ@V^SQV(#V@@80ZIC@C0Q^#00Zs0@#@0I@VKJ
K>#@0Z>K>Q@VC@S(S@Q,I00@@[V@@
#@V@#J@V0#
xI0@0:V#V0#>S3S
0XEX>#
(#0C#V0#[KJK>#@0ZJ,#0S0VI00@(0@#0@
[KX
#
K>X>(Q,#0@@,I00Z^QSs(KJ@IJVIV#
VS08@V00I{@0@8S^>IV@0#@80@C(X>@KSJ
>0#@VC#>@
d
0J0^[V#(KQ0@VV#~J0@0[(00@0C#
0CQK>X>@S!J0QCQ(@CZ>#@@V#=>(0@0QC0[0@@@0C(0%>
IC0ExV#Z>Q0C#(@C&IEIV0>0@VZ>#@#(@
[0XsJ
IV[xKSX>0@#SK>@@I@^0
(#0I0S,#(0@CC0X>SXKJVX>(Q6>xS-IJ!>I0@>@SI
0-V>#(S
V>=J(
3#0@C(0@#
([^I#(SXs#^0#V(CSSV0
@0@>#(IVA0:>(@C0VKJ=J#K>xI60ExV#C>C>S~J@(SQ
0Q#@VKQ{0@[Q0K>X>8S[>#@K0#>(I8&0@@@03>@IV0SsS
QJX0#JQKJC@@CV0@0
#=J`J>@@I0|XK>#V^0Q{0
0ExV#S0@!IK>0@C#^Q>@x0CIQ&C#(0#xX>I#K>00QV
V0@C>V[#(0#0@@JK>@SVVI6@0@@@0KQV0@[S,#&J!0#C00#I
-
0G(s6A S
S0V#KQ@(0(>0[0SJ3V#03#@J0[0@@@0:KS0@@#Z>#VA>#03S
JJ0#00>0
0@JC~#0EI@[@VJ(VI@0X>@S0(I(VI@0K
@0Q/@(#K>%Z>#V3KJ# KIEI@@V0S #@0XJ00@@>#S0
0(@-@#06#QV>#@VIV0@@@I,SKS^>#@0ZJ>0Q=I0V@V
"!$#&%'(%*),+(!-+(%*.0/%*'1!23%*4
5
76#(Z>#98(&@QKSQ#V8@s#0EIJKJ;:xZJCI0(>X{0KQ6-V>KJ@$(x
V(X>##?E(QV=J
8((Q0@X0Q6IS6##IV(>0V0@@BAK>@@$C00#&J=
C
#(Z>@D(K#0[V0#VJ@V^@:KJ,#00V0@@0J0E0I0#=J00@0I#Q(@>0>#6#K>GJV(#VE(>00#:>>Q0,KJ@$[#@0ZJ
>I0@>@SU0=JV6$(
0#,V6I=J@7JKJ@VI0V0#@00F>S0D
>I0>0CX>#JWIX0X0=JVCKJQ0J00vJ00@@>#@V0>CI(#
I^@[008@SK>x0KJ=J#C@(0@@@DEE0#J80KJ=>Q>#
0#VVX>@!#Y0#>0{Z>C,#(@^@[@#{s00Q@0@S`S
JZ(@00@0QJC,Q(@0@C@s#0
5
76-QZ>Q[8P(@(#I#(@
SK> @0\]T^C>0_]T(`KJZVx0J0a:II0@S0~J:@@0#(
b
ZJ3@C#0@3XK>0#x@@(0Q@K#0@0Q=>@dc%(I>#@0@7JK[>0C@VZV
@eF>I(D
0#@V>(0#Z>fS0@6>I0(>X^>x0F0#(6@Y
gBhi jlknmpo
00S(Vx>[K>[KQs0F&@#8^#=J0@#`#QV>#@Vs@#00$xVZqS
KJ@IJ3rK#%@>@@0sc0Qs#tJ@V=]%#V#&QVEVIs8tW]vu w>0
x
^y3E%@V(xV#~J0X>#0#@6@3>3:(K>z00#@V[0S(VE>#K>%#S
[@0X>@{Z&I#@V~cJ
x@ >>KJ@IJ$(KS>K>@@$CIrK(>%#0J#%7JKJ@V[JK#H$0
@0C#0nJK@#K>@>^rK>I0@>@S=>#0#K>S0
>@#(
0@J0#K>[Q00:>Q0E(@0C>[=>QVVIQ#0
(0x>3#DVQJQQ0:0zHKJ0C=Jx>>:S%VS0@(3[J=#@V@>0@[076-(\V4#0[@0IV^(0Q
0#GH3@@0@x@RZS6#0CKQV0@>X0(V\KJD
t#
IKV@000I(, #0
t#=J0#@V>
b
VX0(V#=0#0I
tn@
SS%S0Z>Z00@V%SK>[S0S##@D#0@0x@JID00,@@J(#CKJ
@6J^V000@V0@!J!#@0#0QUS>@3#000@Q0>S0VA@00J0>#
$(0@>@D^JK>I[0D@0I#DV@SSX>#S^#K>0C0@
c#VZ&@0>>VI#Y60QV#Y0#=@@ JZ
S#V>#S06#K>6JVIRC>#V@K>@DV:KJn0I>600@[#VJ@V_S
[U0@7H$~C#>#6@##0[Z>:KJ(@=JDV3>=J#3J0Q0*G0S@0>0@V>>
=J3QVC0@0\@x(I#@0
b
>@#Z&I>@V
@s_>Q(IZS=@s VDVVSD0J0DI0@>@S0UV00#UV#@VICX>S
b
Z(0
-
23546317'89;:&=+87?:&@&:'=+ACBDBFEGH9(IJ8
VWYWfegh_idc>jV$`NbbcYVW>W*ekUNVWYX>Z\[]6X>Z\_[al+_-c>X*egh_-ic>jV$lm_cYXfedn>lolpc>_XY_hj_qQr5sJU'lt_cu&vlw
uC]^xq\VJydz{T|(ghVW>WYZ\_[a}~_-cVW>Vc>]^XYZ\_[
W>Vc>hZ\jVj_Z\X>V[X]^[dbZ\q\q]*-VXY_']^-V(b_'ZXY$]6X>V-VcCc>VW>_idc>jVW]^cYV&]*]^Z\q5]^xq\Vz
uVq\VVq_^}''gc>_^hZ\bVbxX>VWYVV[]6[jVb
'Jgjq5]^WYW>VWZW'cY_-c]^]6xqV'_[]
;VcKC;_^ox;]^W>Z\W]^jj_c>bdZ[dXY_$c>VhiVW>X>W}~c>_-X>V'V[ba]^dqZ\jf]6X>Z\_[dWfzmuVW>V'cYVhiVW>XYW&jf]6[
x;V]6W>WYVbX>_X>VcY_iXYVc>W$xha[VXKQ_cY]6[]^-VV[XQcY_jVbicYVW_-cf_cYVJj__[q\
iWYZ[d]c>VWYVc>]6X>Z\_[cY_X>_hj_-q(W>ij]^W$&gh'ldZjZ\W'bVWYjc>Z\x;VbZ\[W>VjX>Z\_[yz{Tdz'uV
c>VidVW>XYWbZ\jX]^XYVXYVq\VVq(_6}c>VWY_icYjVW*r5Vz
zx]^[bdZbdX>+xdihkVc$W>]6jVfw'XY]^X'iWYXxV
c>VW>VcYVb
]^q\_[Z\X>X>VXYc]^[dW>Z\WYW>Z\_[WYjVbiq\Z\[x;V]*hZ\_idcJXY]^X'iWYX'xVZ\[WYX]^q\q\Vb
Z\[
X>Vac>_-iX>Vc>WaX>_cY_^hZbdVX>dVbVWYZcYVbV[dbhXY_^KV[b''g
j_-ZXYV[X}~_cXYVab]^X]
_^$zQ`b;]^X]_^?ZbdV[hX>ZVW'X>dV$W>VX'_6}p;]^jVXYW&XY_c>VjVZ\VW>;VjZ5]^qC''gz;nKX&Z\W&bdV[Vb
xh]1ghVWYW>Z\_[Z\bV[hX>ZVbxh]-V[Vc]^q\Z\Vb_-c>X'W>;VjZj*]^X>Z\_-[++]^W'Z\[Fydz
Td;j_c>Z\W>Z\[
X>dVn>l]6bbc>VW>Wf(XYc]6[W>;_cYX$q5]*Vc'cY_X>_hj_-qCXKhV]6[b_-c>X'[hixVcJ_6}X>dVbVW>XYZ\[]^XYZ_-[
]^q\_-[Z\X>]q\Z\W>X_6}pWYVjZjW>V[dbVc>W'XY_X>;]^XJgDVW>WYZ_-[X>;]^XJ]6c>VV[hX>Z\X>q\VbX>_c>VjVZ\VX>V
W>;VjZ5]6q''gz(C]^jW>V[bVcZ\W$Z\bV[hX>ZVbxhFWY_icYjV]6bbcYVW>W*C]^[b_-c>X$[hix;Vc'Z\q\V
Z\Xf
W&dc>_XY_hj_q(XKhViWYX&x;VXYVW]^V]^W}~_cNX>VghVWYW>Z\_[+zV$_idX>q\Z\[VbXYV[d_X>Z\_-[_^}
]^[an>l
]^bdbc>VWYW}~_-cid[Z\jf]^WYXJ]^[dbiq\X>Z\jf]6W>XQZ\[j]^dX>VcN_[Vz
nK[bVXYVc>Z[dZ[dJXYVc>VW>_idc>jV$]^q\q\_hjf]^XYZ\_[W([VjVW>W]^c>XY_$W]6X>Z\WK}]Nc>VidVW>X*X>dVc>_idX>Vc
[VVbWXY_aX]^-V]6jj_-i[hX$_^}X>V''gW>i
;_cYX$cY_^Z\bVbxX>Vq\Z[dq5]*Vc'Z\[X>dVb]^X]
}~_-c>]^c>bdZ[d$]^XY+zCdic>XYVc>_cYVhZ\[X>dVJj*]^W>V'_6}p]J'g->]^jX>Z\V'q\Z\[q5]*-VcWYij]^WQ`Cu&
_cjVc>X]^Z\[XKhVW_^}`&X>dVc>_-iX>VcZ\Wc>VWY_-[W>Z\xq\Va}~_-c[V-_X>Z5]6X>Z\_[WZ\X>
X>dVq\Z[d
q5]*VcXY_V[WYic>VX>]6XXYVq\Z\[q5]*VcZ\[WYX]^q\q\W]^dc>_-c>Z5]^XYVJ'g
WYi
;_cYXW>d_iq\b X>V
c>VidVW>XQxV&]6jjVdX>Vb+zuZ\W(]^dZ\[X>_'q\Z\[-q5]*Vc+J'gZ\W(VbdZidKbV;V[bV[hX(]^[bX>V
Vj;]^[Z\W>W}~_-cCb_-Z[dJWY_]^cYVjicYc>V[hX>q\x;VZ\[$bV/[VbxX>dV&nK[hX>V-c]6X>VbaghVc>hZ\jVWQ_^Vc
gh;VjZj'_^QVc+]*-Vc>WNr5Z\W>WYqq5w(_-c>hZ\[Jc>_id_6}+X>Vn>(u&Q\f-knK[X>dV&jf]6W>V&_6}]J'g-
]6W>W>Z\-VJq\Z\[-Kq]*-VcCWYij]6W&]$q\Vf]6W>VbDq\Z\[V'X>V'a]^
Z\[X>_X>V$q\Z\[-Kq]*-Vc''gZWQX>cYZ\Z5]6q
W>Z\[jV$X>c]^[WYZ\W>WYZ_-[jf]^;]^jZ\XKZ\W]6[bq\VbaV[hX>Z\cYVq\xhX>Vc>_idX>Vc*
W;]^jVXNW>jVbdiq\Vcfz
C]^jcY_iXYVc$iWYX]6
q\]^bZ\W>W>Z\_-[j_[hXYc>_qX>_ac>VhiVW>X>WXY_aV[W>idc>VXY]^XX>V]^cYV
_[dq$]6jjVXYVbZ}W>ihjZV[Xq_hjf]6qhc>VWY_icYjVW&]^cYV]*]6Z\q]6xq\Vz;nK[a]^hZ\[X>dZWjdVjkh]^bdZ\WK
W>Z\_-[j_[hXYc>_q(iWYXj_[dW>Z\bVc'Z\[h}~_-c>]6X>Z\_[WYi
q\Z\VbxhaV[b]^
q\Z\jf]6X>Z\_[WcYV]6c>bZ\[X>V
X>c]*j$V[-Vq\_;VXY]^XNX>VZc'b]6X]_^OZ\q\q}K]^q\qZ\X>Z\[+z&N[V_^}QX>V$;]^c]6VXYVc>W'Z\[aX>V
X>c]*jV[hVq\_-VX>]6X'iW>XNxVWYi
q\Z\VbZW'XYVa]^hZ\idb]^X]^-c]^WYZ\V_6}XYVb]^X]
_^$]^[dbWY_idqbX>Z\W&x;Vc>V*]^X>VcJXY]^[X>Vaus_6}X>dV$q\Z[dX>dV[]6bZ\WYW>Z\_[j_[hX>cY_q
Z\q\qc>V~VjX&XYV$c>VidVW>XNW>Z\[jV$XYV$nK[hX>Vc]6X>VbghVc>hZ\jVW'_bdVq\WcYVq\_[aXYV$]^W>WYidX>Z\_[
X>;]^X'b]^X]^-c]^Wc>VjVZ\Z\[]6[V[]6[jVb
'Jgjq5]^WYW$]^c>V[V-Vc'}~c]^-V[hX>Vb+z&udZ[d_^}
X>dV$]^j-VX&]^cYc>Z\]^qcY_hjVW>W$]6W]*hZ[d]]6X>XYVc>[q\Z\V']]*-V}~_-c>FzmuV'V[hVq_-VZWZ\XYW
XKhZ\jf]^qWY]^;Vz
N[jV&]^[]^
cY_cYZ5]^X>Vc>VWYVc>]6X>Z\_[]^WmxVV[Z\[W>X]^q\q\Vb$Z\['Vf]^jc>_idX>VcC]^q\_-[&XYVC]6X>+
X>dVb]^X];_^jf]6[VhVjXXY_cYVjVZ\-V]^[V[bDXY_^KV[b1''gj_Z\X>V[hXcY_^hZbdVbF[d_
]6X>j]6[VWN_cNc>_idX>Vc}]^Z\q\ic>VW&_hjjic'bidc>Z\[X>dV$q\Z}VX>Z\VN_^}CX>dV'_^$]^[bacY_^hZbdVb
X>dVb]6X]_^1j_-[h}~_-c>WXY_'X>VQX>c]*jQV[hVq\_;VQW>i
dqZ\VbZ[X>VcYVhiVW>X*zCUNiVXY_&cYV}~c>VW>
X>Z\Vc>WCidW>VbxNghJl(h]N_^
a]*$c>Vj_^VcZ\X>WQ&_hgj_-ZXYV[hX+Z\X>_-iXQX]^hZ\[$]^[h
W>;VjZ5]6qp]6jX>Z\_-[+zQZ\X>aX>V]^b-V[hX&_^}N_ga]*]^cYV$c>_-iX>Z\[;Z\X]*x;V$X>;]^X&XYVcYVZ\W[_-X
V-V[F]]^aZ\[XYV'Vc>jVZ\-VbFdc>_^hZ\W>Z\_[_^}XYV$WYVc>hZ\jV$j_-[hX>c]6jXfz
ghVcYZ\jV/WYVjZ;jF;_q\Z\jZ\[]^[btX>c]jac>VWY]^Z\[1]6jX>Z\_-[W]^WbVWYjc>Z\x;VbZ\[tW>VjXYZ\_[W
yz{dz]6[bydz
dz{y'Z\qq;x;V&Vq\_^VbZ\X>dZ[XYV'[VXKQ_cYX>_V[W>idc>V$XY]^XQ[_[Dj_-[h}~_-c>Z\[
b]6X]_^Wbd_[_-X]kVjXX>V''Jgj_-ZXYV[hX>W}~_cQxV]*hZ[db]6X]N;_^Wfz(uV'n>(u&
]6Wj_[WYZ\bVc>Vbo]6c>Z\_idW''gtjq5]^W>WYVWWYij]^Wa*T>\fdK>\f-S.\*T/J]^q\X>_-iXY_b]^XYV
_[dqXKQ__^}CXYVW>V-ki]^c]^[hX>VVbgDVc>hZ\jV\f-S*C]^[bvQ_[hXYc>_q\q\Vbh>_h]^baghVc>hZ\jV\*T*>h]*-V
x;VV[}~_cY]^q\q\W>;VjZVb}~_-ciW>VZ\X>FNghJl*/>z&mZcYW>X*QV$Z\q\q+q\_h_a]^X&XYV$WYZq\Vc
_^}(X>VW>VW>VcYZ\jVWf;[]^Vq\vQ_-[hX>c>_-q\qVb_h]^b+z
-
(NJCCOdJ&1CQ(C'Cm
maaQ
QhY>\\a6F\h&m\^Yh*6
66Yh
\h&a+\^->ahf^\
!#"$&%'()"+*,!#-/.01!
QhY>\\2>h^3h
46547
68:9;
>&
\=4?a^>@AdA;^I3T@T;=k2ljk->I\&]-144J6AhY@h^E]Qe1M
SA4?
;
Y6mmjk>F~Y6?A&Y6\\6fKY>dT;=n
/4\\2>h^g\&]
h=B2dd5:@^O^5^\-YA;^nn?:@I\h>>h`6KA>J6AA
d@R5M JM(4Y4TYa>:PDH-\\-Y(
;
^\-xF~>?-A
;`;
4*^\-r h4M
E U/()()!r!r"*!r-/.01!
66Y^h457
9;
>&
\=
-
m^'13xr')=n
{L&/Oc/& L
{L&'h/p_[& 6
=G&sBD==G
^:&DQ&G&qds&==
^Q6d/=`^q=Q
G6=O`s=/Q&{6=Q&d=6
_`H`h4=dv`4Gq=Q
vB4I&sB6Q&d{=s
dG&Q&_==a
&``rE 6)d4=GsBD{=sB=d6
q&Q
=q_sxq=Gd=46iYY
B4aY`
=I&
dy6/b&Q&=d
=4=
x=E==4'_=[&p=6y6D4Gx6=IQ=&1sB6B&I=`r
i4):'4L =q:6`=^=&4du/
B4&ya`=|B46`
y64IdEy=dI4W_`=4^O6=L H&&O&W)En=6H=_L
&`u&'4==#G/_6Hda46'6=L 'B&4O&4HHxs&
&d=6B`D=4`=d=r=:46`B`4q:6dB`&Q6&4
Br
=g=6GB4xy64a&Q6=x4==xB/&Gd`HL&44#
=&_46Bv&Q6=xv:_==4==DB===G=q:&xx4y&`=I_
4=I&`'BQ6=a4iIsBDGd6rB`'O&==`s&ddG4Q=`4`D6
Bs=iqBbi644Wm1==_4=Lp6=Dd=D6`py6HO6H441
=GdD/B=46=_y^=46=OB4,x=``HQ=`d/4)&=r =_&
n6i4L6l4L
n6==4p_=q:^p&=d6Dd=6UO^x&==I
BsB==
=dbg44D4)n4D6=H6O`/L&_s&66_&)x&4s_=4
4vI==46B`a`=q:D6#
&`446r`IBs=4Q&4Q1==GBg&h==`aD'Q&=4D&d=6
D=4d4H`aO&4'`Bs=4=
U44'
=d)6d6n=D4:r4i4d`O4HQ&H&&Q=G4=
Ln4W`s&d4=6OsB6O`=UvB6=IQ&`^4H=H44D4sB=4LBaB
:&4446
`=G&`446BB=n=4OD==4gDD/=`vG=
=4H`=q:D&ny4&:
I=6_==_L1xsd/&^gsd/d=='I_v&4&D&hB
=6H=_'===46=4py6ILBsp=O&46`_=EBd3&QBr
:=
`=DBH`=_=q:O=DLv&`yH=64&HGB,&Q6=L
r#q`GQ6d/=`[=aBL&OQ&gr&O=4==^&G6`44HQ&
#4I_&6=H&4L&/=H4`==U&G:&QWW`D^t&Q6d
4=In6B)4&&&O&r4a4idO&B=6gsD
Qd44&&O&H=64L
3y=`GG=4G&`=L4=I
44sBH4GLB=IB^_:&1r`=O&_BQ6=G==y4&
4=ms
O6`=y/G6=/H46aBsB==
=4=y/Gd=m'&sg&U4
=dG4y6D=g&r`asDs&sB=d4d/&r&G
=&4H
d=6&4vQBsB==44=:
d6
d'B=Q&44=O=4&4DsB4GY
``=_6H=&`Gd/H:&4=q&D=4=4L&1=d=H6&E
&=464=d4=H4/d`=G'=_anBx`Qi=`==G
`DvB46I&'&hd/=_==d46=4O6LBst6`=&46I`G&
4dGq&QE&4H64L
-
6 !#"$%&
'$(*),+-)/.1032246512+8719;:208+=?:@6(A30CB*2DFEHG;9;:24I),0J08K2L.2M0ONLEP+8QR)/::M2A8ADFEH9;.108A&08E2.A8(+82
:EP.1STEH+3@U),.:2V08EW03K26XA8DF2:HYZA8E[08K*),0R08+=?:64E12AV.EP0R9;.\032+OS]2+826N9;08KEP08K2M+$^*E/NAI),.4
:_),(A82R03K2@`08E6@a9bA3A08K29;+:EP.\03+-),:0_cZd249;A8:M(A8A08K9;AST(+308K2M+BF2G;E/NRc
e
.f),449;089;EH.03EgDFEHG;9;:9;.hWE,S4*)/0
-
s1ICrJI$ P
13R;8?O13H
-
"!#$&%#'()+*,-./%10234(
5)68725:9;=@?BABC#A-DE=GF9=@H)IJ=LKM=N
-
)_e&a2c)tul-ut22E ]
l2_)SPx-8-M{d))_~NP_N&`S``_ecP)"-MdQ]N`_e&N|)-`P_xNPQe
N)`-PlP>N]M`Ge-)PMPS)T]N)d)S``_x@`_M]M`tdx-
T__]MP>@
`L)MPd`x@q~NX&lx-XNPQee__QSq`x@e-`|Nx@`PQSEN2`-P`_M
N&N|`)X&M-P&l2B-P>edd)`2_)_)B)-XN_qNP)BP-`P_M&P)_X"_
_QS
_`MeBl2"_u_QGN_`xe`B)_~NP1@)dd_`_~@``-P`_Mu-M)S-
`XNPq)-PqM{`)q{MP-e__~NP-dd_`_~@`+~NP
R4
R3
RCV1
S1RCV2
RCV3
R2R1
UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
PathPathTearResvConfResvErr
ResvResvTearPathErr
Rn router
e)`"!$#%'&_`-S`_M}Nl2B-P>e-
l2_)MqdPM)P_)PMPS(]Q_`M]__))`e`l-+*]_2_BS`_})`SP
`S`-,MBP-`e)`S-B_MB`d-lQP`_{`M`d`Sq"l)_X)e-q))-_l_BPM)PQ
)PM`l-__EN-. 4/e)`"! #`N}-)@_Nul/Ze|d_`_~NPul-P`_M
_Ml_qe)2`-)-::2N)}P)`-`--S/e-`0+a1u0+2#
3))P_NPB-P>4M-:)P-qllLN`P)uNPqB-P>4M5)_Xe`M_x@`-]`M
`q`X6B2`-)-@)}`)|-,BBS`>4M7)_X}M`eQ]N`SZPM
`)2P>6B2P---MS`
3)))P_NP}`_-N`)BNP"B-P>4MdN`|]``,_84`}_)`X`e-`P}`M`_}`XN`
_8~@>"PM)P-a4QeBP)xNP @)P--e)_8`)`l_)qP---e-`_`QZMPNP_M
N]Md`)8Xx@>@-`-P_``_-}@P)}`-)-}`X6B@)c-)T`4o-9xNPc`"`]Nd`-
~@84Mq``ENPP-`SMNP_M`:l)-P`73)")PQ}NPd`_q@u`a-,}B-P>e
_2`}~NP``-P-M@`_M`:-`PaPP)d`e)`S`a4QeBP)d)_`P`_))P_M8P`-{x-(+--
`S--M-P@)BP-))-PS`)P)_aJP; 4M`"!$#eN`leN:xN+x@>`|`-)
_2xe_)7x-P_QG_BMNP)_lNP{-`XMSPBP)d)-l2)4MXNB
)PQ=)PMPS:l)d]-u>q_P)MeB)e`PQP)M`)_X9?@~4xN/__T|G2xP`
-)G)PEN``)qB-P>4M-_`Q}A2&2)~@)-
BDCFECG HJIe@q)a
`S`_xSdx_"
- m8n o5p[q2rstuhvwYx2t1sXy{zu1|~}tu.5ot9z7t
-
{X=57JXD[5D7279['
1
WF(* {2B})
WF(* {2B})
WF(* {5B})
WF(* {4B})
WF(* {3B})
towards S1, S2
towards S3, S4
towards S5, S6
I
I
I
I
I
I
reserve
reserve
reserve
incoming reservation requestsoutgoing requests after merging
(* {5B})
(* {3B})
(* {4B})
WF(* {5B})
WF(* {5B})
WF(* {5B})
stBCX!FjM8H(!#mB
]H !FT4!Y!oB^C!mBD D^CHHe!D i mg!#&( !W M VV'LOb!L
B BpQFI%!Cm M+mBPB]8?: !F Fv+ F] ZCP!FHCJ%Hj
, !PM6 CCpQFI^> )!FYM:`]B z'C !F!
-
%pIR@Iw1w%gq>l
C(HDC]Y%>H#qCN6>CTW#FFH
G6V >:>F:il
x%lCrH>GAIpFIlVOCWt:q#I%#(j
T%LC##pFIlVOC>HNILl
aIFHpH(ApLLYC(FY:F>OyVGHFT
@CHNCpHCArOL%
>CuAL+iNLHiDAHIHpCTH
aFHLNPCrHpT(>TLTHHO
auC>pL1HFT>%c[F:ico|
||NPuiCCDepFI8OCEHo1@CU
P@8VxLOHiLP:DLoFgoDEC
EOHADDHpIHDC]]NCDuETx
>+
G6: c+FFw%#lGl}(lnFF
TcTPWz6VF6#IpH@Ez>
(I%(FD(w#c]H>IH]FNLFHVCHYC(CH
FHW(H
-
1%xyyA
!"$#&%'(%*)+-,+-../,0+-1-1243(""56+-5%728,/9:2$,2+-;8?;@>%,A#&"()0BDC:2E>5#+-5,/9F2$>5G)0"(?H,0%)
I
)/"KJ*%.0./+L>H36)0%./"(?)/J%.8CM%J*"(>N:3O?)0%*5QPR"()TSUWVXY;=%./.Z2$3O%.,0"
I
)/"(,0%*J,T,09H%;[PR)0"O;\J"(>]
3(%*.0,0+-"O>^1-"O.0.0%*.7_
`
1-,09H"(?3O9a2E1L1
I
2E,098./,Z2$,/%#"O?1-5T%'O%>,0?:2E1L1-bT,/+-;=%"O?,+->HJ%"EP2E>Kbc)0%dPR)/%.09H%.
'+e2X2E,09HJ1-?5%.2E>=2$55H+L,/+-"(>:2E1(;=%*.0.Z2E3(%(fX2$,/9g%72$),0"c%h
I
%5H+L,/%,09%
I
)/"KJ*%.0.i_X2$,09Hg%i2$);=%*.0.Z2E3(%.,/)Z2i'O%12EJ)0"O.0.,/9%T.d2$;=%
I
2E,0962$.X2E,09D;=%./.Z2E3(%.2E>5F2$)/%
?./%5=,/"%*h
I
1L+-J+-,/1Lbc,0%72E)5"$#>
I
2E,098.0,d2$,/%(_X2$,09Hg%i2$);j%.0.d2$3(%*.2$)/%3(%>%*)Z2$,/%5D#9%>%*'(%)
2
I
2$,/9=.0,d2$,/%%*>K,/)0bj+L.&5%1-%,/%562$>5j.0"82X2E,09g%72E);j%.0.d2$3(%3(%>H%)Z2E,0%56Cb=2c.0%>H5%)#+-1-1
)0%*.0?1-,+->65%1-%,/+L"O>6"$P2$1-15"$#>H.0,0)/%72$;
I
2$,/96.0,d2$,/%TPR"O),/9:2$,.0%*>5%)i_Tg&b
I
+LJi2$1-1-bKf./%>5%)/.
5",09H+L.&2$..0""(>82$.k,09%bFp_rqOs_
tuwvuRx y{z|K}c~
g9%
`
5.
I
%JQ+-.=2$>{"
I
,/+-"(>:2E1"(C(d%J*,^5H%.0J)/+
I
,0"O)=,09M2$,=,/9%6./%>5%)D;D2ibF+->J1-?5H%6+->+-,/.
3(%*>%)Z2E,0%56X2$,/98;=%./.Z2E3(%.&+->8"()05H%),/"2$5H'(%)/,0+-.0%,0"56,/"
%>56Um_g9H%
`
5.
I
%*JTJ"(>H.0+-.0,/."$P2c;=%./.Z2$3O%9%72E5%)7fM2T%dP2E?1-,%>%*)Z2$1X2E)Z2$;j%,0%*)0.
I
2$)/,2E>5^2E,
1-%72$./,"O>%"EP,09%cPR"(1-1-"$#+->3:?:2$)d2$>,0%%*5U%*)0'+-J%
I
2$)0,ifm&"(>,0)/"(1-1-%5]0m"K2E56U%)0'+-J%
I
2$)/,7_
;=+-.0./+-"(>
,0")/%J%+-'O%)0.D,09M2$,8,09H%6"(;j+L,/,0%5.0%)/'+LJ*%6+-.8>"(,=2i'(2E+L1e2EC1-%(_g9H+L.{C:%G?.0%5
+->24;8?1-,0+-J72E.0,UW%.0./+L"O>F,/"jPR"()/J%a2E1-1)/%J%+-'O%)0."(,2$JJ*"(;=;j"5:2$,/%9%,/%)0"O3(%>H%+-,Ab6"$P.0%*)0'+-J%.TCM%,A#&%%>Q)0%J%*+L'O%)0.c#+L,/9+->62
3(+-'O%>F;8?H1L,/+-J72$./,U%.0./+-"(>f2$1-,09H"(?3O9fM#+L,/9+->6,09H%8.Z2$;j%T.0%*)0'+-J%=;j"K5H%1Af,09H%
I
2$)d2$;=%*,0%)/.
;^2ibQ5+m%)8PR"O))/%J%+-'O%)0.D+->{,09%6.d2$;j%=.0%*.0.0+-"O>f.0",/9%6J"O)0%6"OC(d%J,/+-'(%D"$PT.0?
II
"O)0,/+L>H3
9%,/%)0"O3(%>H%+-,Ab^+-.;D2$+->1-bT;=%*,7_
jO0R8jK$$Qg9%%dP2$?H1L,&%>%)d2$1mX2$)Z2E;=%,/%)0.
I
2$)/,+->J1-?5H%.,09H%PR"O1L1-"$#&]
+L>H33
"()05H%),0"
I
)/%.0%*>K,%>H5],/"$]A%>5D'(2$1-?%*.,0"8,09H%)/%J%+-'O%)0.i_
+->+-;8?;X2E,092$,/%>Jb{oe./?;=;D2$,/+L"O>8"$P+->5+-'+L5H?:2$1m1-+->BD1e2$,0%*>J+-%.Zs*_,0.,09%%>5]A,0"E]%*>5D12E,0%>HJb8+->8,09%T2$CH.0%>J*%"EP2$>b8?%?]
+->35%1e2ib_A>8,/9%J72$./%"EP?M2$)Z2E>,0%%5=UW%)0'+-J%(f)/%J%+-'(%*)0.J72E>=2$558,/9+-.'(2$1-?%
,0"8,/9%TCM"(?>H5%5D%>5]A,0"E]%*>56?%?+->385H%1e2ib=,0"
-
K H&n
-E-0j7$H0M$0&($-&$m-T/0M$m/0*0($/-(
-
QRS-R,TU6VXWZYTG[6UPTU6VUNT]\^%_`AW]acbNTGWd_@WG[@W@e2fgT%Vh\6bji
kl
m,n=opqsrtouuvAwxtyozwD{vArs|~}Av%]rsvzD=}qx6@}6}q6}6Auvz"rtvAw@vApDqsv%wtJvA
}Artvz"qtvAwPqtvCsvApwvAr4pAo-pqtvArs}pz"prsoqsvArt>qtHz"qwo,tHo-rtq
{5d6"t{q@wo
vApoq
tHo-rtqGn=opqtrsouuvAwxtyo~z"w@}uursvAtuq%}pqs}}q@JvA}psvAqqsoDopv;}porswvAr
qto>}p5KorsqtvDrtvAAv}|-vArDqtJzq;qsvDwsHvzHvD}p|zu}wCzpwqtvtvArs|~}Av
z"ppoq@Jv;-HzrzpqtvAvwh
m,n=opqsrtouuvAwxtyozw;{vArs|}vGvApvArzuHz"r/zvAqtvrth%vzwvArt]z"uvAxKorqtv
GHz"r/z"p~qsvAvAw{vArt|}Av%KrzvApqo|-vArtrs}wvd{vrt|}Avxt{HvA}HZGvApvAr/z"uzrzvx
qtvrtzZJvZz"wwvAwqtoDqsv;n=opqtrsouuvAwxtyozw{5vArt|}AvGKrz-vApq
]L@ j@s@2PPhh6t6t(,,5P(]hs~s@
,
pvzqs2}qt1w|-vArtqs}s}pH
BdhrsvKvArsZqsoqsvDrtvtvArs|zqt}o-p,owvuhLorGqtvDztv
@vArsv;qtvtvpwvAr%}pAuwvAz"pwtJvA;}p}qtz"qtvAtz-vA]qsoDvApHz"uvqtvdrsvAAvA}|-vArqso
wvAqsvArt}pv;qtvZvApwx!qsoxvApwBsvArt|}AvDqsHzq%@}uurtvAsuq@KrsozD-}|vAprtvtvArs|zqt}o-pCrsvAvAtq
Lqtv@svApwvAr=o}qthqsv@wtJvA@Krso}qs6jz"qtDvAtzvjqsvApDqsv@rtvAsvArt|z"qt}opDowvAu}
rtvKvArtrsvAwqto;s}u;z
pvGztN}pD@}Dz"tv%qtvArsv}6povzsDzGLor6qsv@rtvAvA}|vAr@qso
wvAqsvArt}pv6qtv6rtvAsuqt}p%vApwxqto"x!vApwZsvArt|}Av@vNovAqt}|v=oqt}zsHvAqjo"qtv
{G
rtvtvArs|zqt}o-powvu!Joqs:Kor
pvz"t@zpw
pvGjz"t6@}qsDw|-vArtqs}s}p;}6qtoG}p}}sv
qtvBugzqtvpAg}p2qsvArtDo;pDHvrDo;HzpwtHz"vAHvq]vAvptvApwvArtBzpw2rtvA}}vp~qs/
JvKorsv'z:rsvAtvrt|zqs}op1}%}puz"Av%vArsvZ=v;Ao-pt}wvrdqsv
Bcz"tv;yXvAqdzstv
qtJzq@qtv;tvApwvArGo}qs6qtvZn=opqtrsouuvAwxtyozw{5vArt|}Av;wHz"q/zKrz-vApqKrsoqtvG%wtJvA
qtvArtvA1rtvAsqtrs}qt}pBvz"rtvAAv}|-vAr;qsorsvAtvrt|zqs}opo@GHzrzpqtvvAw,{vArs|~}AvDo-pu~G%Ho-p
rtvAvA}|}p,jz"qtPvt/z"vADqsvrtvAvA}|vArvAqtrzAqsqsvKouuo@}pHzrzvqtvArs:Krto-qtv
{vApwvAr;@sHvA-dLhB=pzww}qs}o-pqtvKouuo@}pDzrtvvAqtr/z"Aqtvw1Krto-4qtv:wsHv
}p}DczqsyzqtvpA~%//Hz"qt
@:~z"qt@zpw@}wqthpzz:t}}ugzr
qto}pArtvvApq/z"urtoqtv:zuAugz"qt}oph
BJvArt}qt@}pArsvAvApqzu6zADugzqs}o-po"]qtv
wvAugzKorGz:rtvAsvArt|z"qt}oph(@v;rtv~}rsvAw1Ho-pwopBvpwxqtoxvApw>~vA}pwvAugz~%wvAursvA
}6poPz"uugzqtvwD~:tqtrzAqs}p;qtv
}p}Djz"qtyzqtvpA:Krsocqsv|z"uv]o"hvApwx
qto"x!vpw,wvuz1rtv~}rsvAwPqtvrtvAAv}|-vArtzu}z"qt}opB=~}zuu~qsvrsvAAvA}|-vAr=ouw
qtvApHvrKo-rtzp}p}qt}gz"ujv/1Cv|zuHzqs}pvAHz"qt}op2L%Lor
vAHzu=qtoqtvJvz
r/z"qtvJh%L]qsv;rtvtuq/z"pqdwvAugz@z%rsvzqsvArGqtHz"pBor%vAHzuqto%wvAurtvA>qtvAp>vAHzqs}o-p
K-%]o-uwCJvDtvw1KorGz"uugzqt}o-pBo@qtvD}p}Z|zuv;o"
pvAvAtzrtqso/zqs}K
%wvAurtv
qtvrt@}tvvAHzqs}o-psG=ouw>HvDsvAwLorGqt};rtJosv@}G}p}:
|zuvNo
}qtvApDo-q/z"}pvAw:~G}psvArtqs}p%wvursvA:}pqsodv}qsvAr6v~Jzqt}o-ptho-r@Kz"uo-p
@}qt
g-}|vAp1Czqt
@dhn=qto-qqsoqrhhz;z"rto-rt}gz"qtv:L@qtvDo-q/z"}pvAw
|zuvGo"
vAAvvAw;qsvZzqsC@zpw@}wqtB|z"uvz"o-q/z"}pvAwKrsoqtv:wsHvDo6qtv
rtvAvA}|vAwzqsBvAs/z"vGqtvpB}qDsq]Jv;rtvwAvAw,z"AAo-rtw}p-u6@v;rtvAvA}|vArGz"pBpo
ArsvzqsvzDrtvtvArs|zqt}o-pCsHvA}Jzqs}o-ph
tJvAZort}t}p:HrstqsuqsvZzuAugzqsvAw1|zuv
o;Hz"pw@}wqsqsoHv>rtvAsvArt|-vAw}pvz2rto-qtvrz"pwPtvAAo-pwu2z{ugz,vArsqtHz"qD}
}p}qt}gzu}tvwDqtoDAvArsoDptov@zsvAv|vApB@}qs
tvAq%qto:qtvG}p}:cJvArs}ts}uv%|zuv
or:qtvrtvtuq/z"pqDvApwxqto"x!vApw,vA}p1wvAugzz:}|vp~1vABt;zpwK-;@}uu6sqt}uu
Jv;uvAtGqtJzpB%wvAurtvA>}p@}Bz"tv;qsv:w}vArsvApAv:z"pBHvrtvArsvAtvp~qsvAw,}pBz:po-px!vArto
tugz"/:qtvrtCpz"ww}qt}o-pZqsvArtv;z"rtvo-qtvr]sAvApHz"rt}o=vAugz}pvAwD}pDsvAAqt}o-p
%}pD@}
qtvDtugzqtvArszDpo-qdJvD}p}qt}gzu}tvwqsoAvArtoJ:@v
tJvADz"pCpoHv:svAw}pBqtv
Arsvzqs}o-po]z
vAt|vAs/z"vG@}$z"uto:}pAuwvA@qsvGKo-uuo@}pJ
mpD}pw}z"qt}op;o"qsv@rtvtvArs|zqt}o-ptquv=@}/DzpDJvj={1or6gtvvtvAqt}op
mHuqtvrjsHvA}Hzqs}oph}uqsvArtsHvA;o}qsqtvAw%Ko-rqtv=zsv@oHrsvAtvrt|zqs}op:tquvA
@}6}6tvwDqto;}wvApqs}L;qtv%tvApwvAr/@z"pwDqtv(Korsz"qh}6}wvApqt}z"uqtoqtHz"q6oqtv
-
~ %d@66d(@6A6G
"!$#&%')(*+#-,#&%'./ 0102#&3445
687:9=
01%1(
;
ED4F!
;>=
0'B??
;
G'(*0'(*3%'."H0'B?#&-#%'2#JI ?K01
-
*Z4T)/T-q-
'Z'M"'* f4>*z>"WS'z>eG' 1-*C S'1'4&'*4+j"')Z^411
1`'"W*
G*K&E>bW1*W*Z'S>'Tz>e-1C>GW"'C&'T'"M"'4B>***q`>
>nRs1>q:''14>'*Z:'1-B*+>1*T*W*1'e>'t*:E*Z'c
&
"
B41t1n'4Z"2Z e>1k>
"en'*Zt&M^SM"4/4`)"WenL1&`'"j'1'4&'*484>*
*b'+"'4B>[&''b
'2&4/)**)C>1t>b*1C>1t*b'"+b'8bzf
B4S+C&bC>*z&'
1*j*'f>'ZK">bL*-*j*'j18'p4>*j>T'
z>ej1t
*G'S'WZt'G 12>Z1/'T1'SC>G"4/)'`B41'**4
1
Sender R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Receiver2Mb/s4Mb/s5Mb/s 4Mb/s 3.5Mb/s
available bandwidthin router
Resv(R1, S1) Resv(R1, S1) Resv(R1, S1)
ResvErr
*41x"
T" Z/1*4/''"*E
Cx Gwj
)141Mf>'**)1)1T4*j)f-1 >*'Bq^Z'/>S^Zyj*'*Gz&
e
-
! "$#&%"')(*+,-/.0%21345(
1
Sender R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Receiver2Mb/s4Mb/s5Mb/s 4Mb/s 3.5Mb/s
available bandwidthin router
Resv(R2, S2) Resv(R2, S2) Resv(R2, S2) Resv(R1, S1) Resv(R1, S1)
Resv(R1, S1)
687:9A@*BDCEFHGI3JKMLONQPR*STGUQ*RVF$@-P[>-=?\]X^?7:_`a]Xb-b->-c*^[>-d8B
;*P[;W]Qe:e:fa^?gO]Q^hP?_ij>k_l=k;*P[>-=m7:Pk]QLO_;^A^?_a;P?>^[g*>-inBMo$>-`*bl>p7:^AiM]fMLW>M]MLW]Qd!7:d*>]
>-b-_h;*P?>M_Xrs]Qe:^[>-=?`W]X^?>jcW]Q^[g*Pk^[gW]Q^md>-\V7t]X^?>j\>-=[fnru]Q=Hrv=?_MLO>-P?^
b-;*=[=?>-`V^_LV\V7x_Bzyg*>{|;*=?fj7:PP?^?7:e:eZ_;^_`^[g*7:P^?_AgW]\Ae:_V_q>ld]Q^3^?g>k>-\-=?`*>l^3rv=?_lP?^k5Z_=[^R865?65kRZ>-P[^?7:`W]
^?7:_l=?i7:^5>-`*dmP?fVP[^?>-ijP
^?_=?>-V;*>-P[^m`V^?>-9-dS>-=?\V7:b->-Pm^[gW]Q^Ac=?_Q\V7:d*>>-`d&]Qc*c*e:7:b]X^?7:_`*PH7x^[g!>-`*gW]X`*b->-d3S
b-_-`V^?P_Q\>-=bl_`V\>-`V^[7x_-P[^>|_-e:7:\>-=[fBFSV0b]Q`MLO>A;*P?>ldaLVfm>-`*da]QcV
c*e:7:b]Q^[7:_`*P^[_P?>lex>lb-^A]Q`*da7:`V\_3^?g>k]Qc*c=?_c=?7]Q^[>Ab-e]QP[P]Q`d3Se:>-\>leuB`]Xd*d*7:^?7:_a=?>lP?>-=[\]Q^?7:_-e57xP3;*P[>-d!7:^?g!F$SV3/^[g*>-`!^[g*>m=?>-V;*>lP?^?7:`*9n]Qc*c*e:7:b]X^?7:_`
7:P$]QL*e:>^?_md*>-^[>-=?ij7:`*>3^?g*>3=?>lP?;*e:^]X`V^$>-`*du^[_Q>-`*da3S7x`M]Qd*\]X`*b->3_Qrip]Xq7:`*9H^?g*>3=?>lP?>-=
\]Q^[7:_`8B7x^[g*_;^F$SRW]ru]Xe:eZLW]Qb|qaP[>-=?\V7:b->h_QrLO>-P?^H>|_rv=[_i^?g*>
;*`V;*P[>-db]QcW]Xb-7:^fB`&^[g*>M`*>]Q=Hrv;*^[;*=?>m=?>-P[>]Q=[bg`*>l>-d*P^[_LO>b]Q=?=[7:>-d_;*^h7:`&]
`V;*imLO>-=_Xr]X=?>]XPE
G-d*PA^[_pLO>h7x`V^[>-9=|]Q^?>ld!7x`V^[_^?g>kij_d>-e7x`n]P[b]Qe:>]XL*e:>
2]fVB
@B$99-9V]Q^[7x_-e]X^?>-dM=?>lP?>-=[\]Q^?7:_$;*P[>|rv;*e
7:`A^[g*>P|]Qij>]f3^?gW]X^8y$Kc*=?_Q\V7:d*>-P$7:=[^?;W]Xe]Q^[g*P]QP8>-e:e*]QP5$7:=?^[;W]Qe*7:=?b-;7x^[PR
>i7:9gV^Ze:7:q>^?_3L*;*7:e:dA\V7:=?^[;W]Qe*c=?7:\]Q^[>`V^?>l=?`*>-^[P;P?7:`*9WRrv_=>-*]Qijc*e:>R^?g*>$]Xd*d*=[>-P?P
]Q99-9V]Q^[7x_-b|gW]X`*7:P?i?FHR^[_kLO>3;*P?>ldp7:^[g*7:`]A=[>-P?>-=[\]Q^[7x_3>-V^?>l`*P?7:_`
gW]QP5LW>->l`mc*=?_$FSV_-=|]Qe:7:P?>-dhcO_=?^^[_
LW>A]Qblb-_ijcW]Q`*7:>-djLVfip]XP?qVPRV7:`j^?g*>AP|]Qij>$]fm^?gW]X^$=?_lP$7:^?gjip]QP[qVP-B
JB$;*^[g*>-`V^?7:b]X^?7:_`!_Xr$;*P?>-=[Pm_QrFSV7:PAb-e:>]X=?e:fn>-P?P[>-`V^?7]Qe7r$>]Q=?>j^?_a7:`*bl;*=kL7xe:e:P
g*>-`M>3;*P[>A7:^B
OByg*>3;*P]X9>A]Qb-bl_;*`V^?7:`*9mij_Vd*>-eOim;*P?^]Qb-bl_iij_VdW]Q^[>i7:=?=[_=P?>-=[\>-=[P$7:`MP?_ij>$]fB
BSV_ij>aP?b|g*>-ij>^[_cW>-=[i7:^MP?>-^[^?e:>-ij>-`V^?PM_=MP?_-^[g*7:`*9]XqV7x`^?_^[g*>-i7:e:e3`*>->-d
^?_nLW>j>-\_-c*e:_QfVi>l`^H_QrF$S]X`*d&`V^[>-9=|]Q^?>ld&P?>l=?\V7:b->-Pp]Xb-=?_-`V^]Q7:e5i_=[>$^[gW]Q`]hP[7:`*9e:>A`V^?=|]Q`*>l^$_=b-_iji>-=[b-7]QeO`V^?>-=[`*>-^ASV>-=[\7:b->
=?_Q\V7:d*>-=B
B8]QP[^?e:fVR8P[7xijc*e:fa>-VcO>-=?7:>-`*bl>a_Qr3;*P?7:`*9]im;*e:^?7:P[>-=?\V7:b->m`*>-^_=[qVPm7xPH`*>->-d*>ld/^?_nP?>->
g*7:bgMc*7:>-bl>-P$_Xr^?g7xPbl_icex>lmP?fVP?^[>-i]Q=[>=[>]Qe:e:f;P?>-djrv=[>-V;*>-`V^?e:fVR*P?7:`*bl>A7:^7:P`*_]Q=^[gW]Q^^[g*>A>-`V^[7x=[>3>-d*7Wb->A7:P$]XexeZ>l7x^[g*>-=`*>lb->-P?P|]Q=[fRO_=P[;Vb-7:>-`V^B
-
*:*!?$3$
s Z h
*hWQ[:$X?VQQj:[-?j-*Q[*V*3:AWX|-?:?|*lp-
-
CD EGFH@I/Jp|:/f>an{b2c'oQle2akc'jGrvjlwGlwib2f>qs7sg2o
lwab2c'jki*
/b2f>ism%m2jl:sn{b[if>m2p>Te2ikc'i
g2ljkspxjlwe2af>g2z\rvljrvljk^sujo2f>g2z8msn{c'aki;q2e%a
)%{
akb2c'1:il7absa/ab%c@ikalwjc{sg2o~vrvlwj/sjko2f>g2z7psacg2n'Bf>i/7e2n{b7p>lc'j
D
/p>l`sqc'pc'Bc'g:akc'o7f>gx#m%if>p>lgBo%c':fhnc'i
/b2f>i,f>i3si
sja;akc'n{b2g2f>d:e2crvljsuan{b2f>g2zs-llr;xmsn{wc'ai7lwgyaklsyf>jkaesup
n'f>jn'e2f>ao2:gsuBf>nsuphp>Giikc'g:afsp>p>:lTn{bsuj*sun'ac'jkf>iaf>n'isujc/m2jkc{#m2jlwzj*suBc'o,f>g:al
sjc'n'lwzg2f>ikc'j/b%fhn{b
lg%phlmc'g2ii/rvlwjf>g2o2f>:f>o2esp%l/iabsuasjc6c':mc'nac'o8akl
mc'jkif>iap>lg2zc'g2lwe2zbc'o
lg:aklBs,o2crtse2p>a/;
suz3|~/fhakn{b2f>g2z,/Gjlwmlwic'oq:Bf>inl
p>pGjle%ac'i6rvjlwakb2c7jlwe2af>g2z
a*suq2p>c3sujc7e2ikc'oTakl
zc'g2cj*sakcBa{szi/b%fhn{b8sjkc7ab2c'g
e2ic'ofhgab2c;qsun{yqlg%c,al7f>g2o2f>nsuac;s[aklrvlp>p>l,
/x|3
zwzjkc'zysuac'o/lwe2act/sikc'ox"|:/f>an{b2f>g2z
p>p2qsun*:qlg2c/czjcii/mlf>g:aisujc/e2ikc'oBakl,zc'g%c'j*suaca{szwin{bBsjc/e%ic'oal,q2e%g2o2p>c
alzwc'ab%c'jp>f>cBf>g2o2c'ol/i/lg:alBs6;
/b2c'jkc-sujcs
g:e27qc'j,lurm2jlwq2p>c'Bi,/f>akb4sp>pg2n'p>e2o2f>g2z
ic'ake2m"af>Bcia#o%fBne2p>a#
ie%m2mlwjakfhg%zBBlwq2f>p>fha#o%fBne2p>a#7ie2m2mljkaf>g2z7e2p>af>nsika@sugyw#alutBsugy2mlwiikfhq%phc6psun{
lr`rtse%phaalwp>c'j*sug2n'c
kG Gk/G::T
/b2c7x#g:aczj*suac'o"|:c'jkyf>n'ci7Bl:o2c'pGbsui&sg8f>g2f>afsupo%c'm2p>l:Bc'g:a;in'cgsjkfhllrjlwe2acjin'lg:
g2c'nac'o"alwzc'akb2c'j7q:8mlf>g:a,al1mlwf>gya6phf>g2:ix#g8akbsaif>akesakfhlwgGmsun*wc'ain{b2c'o2e%phf>g2zrvlwj
icj:f>n'c&npsuiikc'ig2cc'o2i;lg2p>7akl7qc,o%c'm2p>lc'o
/f>ab%fhg
akb2c,jlwe2acjiakl7m2jl:f>o2c;ab2c6ic'jkyf>n'c
lcj*sp>p#
lc'cjsugymsujailrGab2c,x#g:akc'jg2ca@f>g:lwp>clwab2cjf>g:ac'jkn'lg2g%c'n'af>lwgac'n{b2g%lp>lzwfhci
qc'a#cc'gjlwe2acji/l&nlBlguq2e2a/c':ajkc'Bcph7o%fc'jkc'g:aif>akesakfhlwg2isjkc
/le%ac'jki7fhg:akc'jn'lwg2g2c'nac'o[:fslynsp
jkcs1ca#lwj:iie2n{b[si7Gab%c'jg2caG;x'
w q2m2i/Gakb2c'jg%c'aaf>m2p>c
n'n'cii7/
g2c'a#lj:iie2n{bsui2j{sBc;/c'ps:2|2;| sg2o
ab2cic7sjc;lurvac'gjc{rvcjjcoakl
sin'c'ilc'jg2z,lurilwBc;lri3Gakb2c'jkg2c'a7/b2c'jkc ab2c
ibsjco-c'o2fs
nn'c'iif>i&ikl
g2lwg:to%c'ac'jkBf>g2f>iakf>nabsuasugcg2bsg%n'c'Bcgya;qsuic'o8lwgiklc;rvljklr/o2f>iakjf>q2e2akc'oqsg2o:
/f>o2ab1sugszwc'jf>i;jcdye%fhjkc'o8al
m2jkl:fho%c3sugy:akb2f>g2zBqc'lwg2o8qc'ia,clwja,xic'jk:fhncBlcj
sgGakb2c'jkg2c'ab%lm
x#g[ab%cnsikclur,/
g2ca#lwj:i/msjakf>n'e2psjkph
8s87e2n{bTjkf>n*b%c'jBsujf>c'a#"lr
icj:f>n'c'i,f>i@ssuf>psuq2p>c@sua@akb2cphlc'jpswc'jrvlwjxalBe%af>p>fhikcx#grtsun'aakb2c'jc7sjkc&7e%phakf>m2p>c
mliikf>q2p>c,sum2m2f>g2zirjlab%c&b2f>zwbp>c'wc'pGx"icj:f>n'c`alBakb2c,m2jklmlikc'okcsjcj&|:c'jkyf>n'c
psikic'ik7lr
rvljc'2sm2p>c
-
2>28;N2#$&%2%:2k'$()
* +k-,/.0k !h2">2#$&%2%:2k'$&%)1'$
)2:>3%4+;#+''5'%%6+7#!8:9;w#
w22542=7?'@A#422 B:
++k '8w+C%ED;5 2 +'742GF%2 HAI
!2:E43
JLKMNJLKOJ PRQTS&QTUQNVXWZY[QT\X]_^!QTU
`
2#
>
42a%> >7+w+
>
w@42#+k '++#
>
AI+,42bD BhO5
>
w&%2 ++>2
%2h!2;=)/;42a+{7B7%4+4+&h%!h7#+a7:*c8>O5
>
%>2+
;wB&2w'h!22+e'h542#>:y%'w[
>
AINi!%3
