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INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE sharing maritime knowledgeCURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN Volume XXVII No. 2 February 2015 Maritime Knowledge Centre [email protected] INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION www.imo.org

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Maritime Knowledge Centre

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN | Vol. XXVII | No. 2 | February 2015 0

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE “sharing maritime knowledge”

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN

Volume XXVII – No. 2

February 2015

Maritime Knowledge Centre [email protected]

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION www.imo.org

Maritime Knowledge Centre

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN | Vol. XXVII | No. 2 | February 2015 1

About our sources

For copyright reasons, the Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) contains excerpts only. Whenever possible, links to the publishers’ websites are provided. Articles may be freely accessible or a subscription or payment of a fee may be required.

CONTENTS

IMO / UNITED NATIONS NEWS & EVENTS ........................................................................................... 2

INDUSTRY NEWS AND PUBLICATIONS

CASUALTIES............................................................................................................................................ 4 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ............................................................................................................. 6 HEALTH .................................................................................................................................................... 9 HEALTH AND SAFETY .......................................................................................................................... 10 IMO ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 LAW AND POLICY ................................................................................................................................. 10 MARINE TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 15 MARITIME SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 16 MARITIME SECURITY ........................................................................................................................... 17 MARITIME TRAINING ............................................................................................................................ 20 MIGRANTS ............................................................................................................................................. 22 NAVIGATION COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................................................... 25 PIRACY ................................................................................................................................................... 26 PORT STATE CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 27 PORTS AND HARBOURS ..................................................................................................................... 28 RECYCLING OF SHIPS ......................................................................................................................... 29 REGULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 30 SALVAGE ............................................................................................................................................... 30 SEAFARERS .......................................................................................................................................... 31 SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................................... 32 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................................ 35

Maritime Knowledge Centre

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IMO / UNITED NATIONS NEWS & EVENTS

WHAT’S NEW IMO MEETINGS

PROGRAMME OF IMO MEETINGS FOR 2015 Meeting Summaries Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC) 2nd session 16-20 February 2015 Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW) 2nd session 2-6 February 2015

IMO PRESS BRIEFINGS IMO Secretary-General reiterates need to address unsafe migration by sea Briefing: 03, February 16, 2015

IMO NEWS MAGAZINE (Issue 4, 2014) Digital version of latest issue RECENT SPEECHES BY IMO SECRETARY-GENERAL KOJI SEKIMIZU National Maritime Conference – Kenya 23 February 2015 (Opening Remarks) Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC) 2nd Session 16-20 February 2015 (Opening Address) Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW) 2nd session 2-6 February 2015 (Opening Address) IMO PUBLISHING Just Published: 2015 February 2015 Newsletter

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UNITED NATIONS NEWS

Europe should accept migrants to stop smuggling. Full Story » 'Last mile in fight against Ebola will be the hardest,' says senior UN relief official. Full Story » 'Enormous scale' of Mediterranean migration tragedy emerges – up to 300 dead, says UN official. Full Story » As Kyoto Protocol turns 10, UN says 'first critical step' must trigger new 2015 emissions-curbing deal. Full Story » Climate change and sustainability key to future development agenda, says former UN official. Full Story »

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CASUALTIES Cargoship to be sunk. By Gary Nixon. TradeWinds [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/353550/Cargoship-to-be-sunk Galapagos Islands authorities, insurers and salvors have agreed to scuttle an Ecuadorian cargoship that grounded there last week.

Sinking ship saved. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/353865/sinking-ship-saved Divers have plugged two leaks that put a Maldivian cargoship in danger off India on Thursday.

Ex-Coast Guard official found guilty in ferry tragedy. Yonhap News Agency (South Korea) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20150211006600315 A former Coast Guard official was sentenced to four years in prison Wednesday for neglecting his duty to safely evacuate passengers from the sinking ferry last April that claimed more than 300 lives, most of them teenagers on a school trip.

Dutch ship that grounded off Cork 'should not have been at sea'. By Lorna Siggins. Irish Times [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/dutch-ship-that-grounded-off-cork-should-not-have-been-at-sea-1.2100259 Astrid was carrying 30 when it altered course for 'The Gathering' photo opportunity.

UPDATE 3-Petrobras Brazil offshore explosion kills 3, 6 missing. By Jeb Blount and Marta Nogueira. Reuters [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/11/brazil-petrobras-accident-idUSL1N0VL23320150211 At least three workers were killed and 10 injured on Wednesday by an explosion on an offshore oil and gas platform operated by state-run Petrobras, a disaster that could further hurt the reputation of a company struggling with a corruption scandal and safety concerns.

Sunken ferry 'Can be raised'. Chosun Media (South Korea) [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/02/09/2015020901008.html A government-civilian investigation team has concluded that it is technically possible to raise the ferry Sewol that sank off the southwestern coast on April 15 last year.

Passengers injured as ferry crashes into Devonport wharf. By Mathew Dearnaley. New Zealand Herald [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from:

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11403346 Passengers on a ferry that crashed into Devonport wharf after the vessel suffered an apparent mechanical failure suffered suspected broken bones and one was knocked out, police say.

Detailed probe into death of sailors sought. New Indian Express [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Detailed-Probe-into-Death-of-Sailors-Sought/2015/02/20/article2677534.ece With mystery shrouding the death of two Indian sailors on board a merchant vessel off Malaysia, the Sailors Helpline Chennai has demanded that the Union Shipping Ministry should initiate a detailed probe into the incident.

Freighter sinks in the Black Sea. World Maritime News [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available

from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/152680 St. Kitts and Nevis-flagged general cargo ship Fort Azov sank yesterday in the Black Sea, one mile off the coast near the town of Ayancik in Turkey's Sinop province, the Haber Turk reports.

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Lysblink Seaways Update 22 February 2015. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 22 February 2015. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/lysblink-seaways-update-22-february-2015.html The 'Lysblink Seaways' ran aground on 18 February at Kilchoan, Ardnamurchan Peninsula, in the western entrance to the Sound of Mull.

Bangladesh ferry disaster death toll rises. By Jahir Ahmed. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16829 The death toll in Bangladesh's passenger ferry tragedy on the river Padma in Manikganj, near Dhaka, has risen to 72.

Bangladesh ferry death toll rises to 79. By Jahir Ahmed. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16874 The death toll in Bangladesh's MV Mostafa ferry disaster rose to 79, according to the latest official count of bodies recovered.

Dutch Chief Mate sentenced for fatal collision. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/dutch-chief-mate-sentenced-for-fatal-collision On the 8th June 2014 the "Shoreway", a 98 metre 5000 tonne dredger, owned by Koninklijke Boskalis Westminster NV, collided with a Moody 31 sailing yacht "Orca" at the entrance to the River Orwell in Suffolk.

The wreck of the Norman Atlantic has been righted. MediTelegraph [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.themeditelegraph.com/en/shipping/2015/02/26/the-wreck-the-norman-atlantic-has-been-righted-gallery-HwU3neaDW15HCU4IvV5MlO/index.html Next week the engineers will proceed to open the stern gangway door.

Ship with more than 350 cattleheads sinks near Oman coasts. By Fahad al Mukrashi. Times of Oman [Online]. 28 February 2015. Available from: http://www.timesofoman.com/News/48045/Article-Ship An overloaded ship with cattle on board sank near the Ras Al Hadd shore of South Sharqiyah governorate on Saturday afternoon.

ENVIRONMENT Twin moves on Arctic drilling stir environmental debate. By Aviva Rutkin. New Scientist [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26910-twin-moves Drilling for oil in Alaska seems to be on thin ice.

Huge freighters caught flouting island law. By Kristin Edge. Northern Advocate (New Zealand) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/northern-advocate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503450&objectid=11396981 Huge freighters breaching an exclusion zone around the Poor Knights Islands are playing "Russian roulette" with one of the best marine reserves in the world and making a farce of international maritime laws.

Discussing the Blue Economy. Why is it important in Eastern Africa? United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.uneca.org/media-centre/stories/discussing-blue-economy-why-it-important-eastern-africa Studies have shown that oceans, seas and lakes require more in depth attention and coordinated action to better play their role in developing African continent.

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Frontline teams 'unaware' of wildlife smuggler tactics. By Navin Singh Khadka. BBC News Science & Environment [Online]. 7 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31162726 Front-line transport workers largely lack awareness on how criminal networks disguise illegal wildlife products, it emerged at a summit in Bangkok.

Aberdeen launches code to protect dolphins. By Tony Slinn. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16634 Europe's principal marine support centre for the energy sector in the North Sea and Atlantic Margin, Aberdeen Harbour has today launched a vessel Code of Practice to protect bottlenose and other dolphins that live and feed by the harbour mouth.

Study provides possible clues in search for causes of dolphin deaths in Gulf of Mexico. US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2015/02/02_11_15study_dolphin_deaths_gulfofmexico.html A new study has found four distinct groupings of dolphin deaths within the Northern Gulf of Mexico Unusual Mortality Event (UME).

Warm ocean temperatures may mean major coral bleaching. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/20170211-noaa-warm-ocean-temperatures-may-mean-major-coral-bleaching.html NOAA scientists are warning that warm ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans could set the stage for major coral bleaching events across the globe in 2015.

Waiting for the sea. By Rustam Qobil. BBC News [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-a0c4856e-1019-4937-96fd-8714d70a48f7 It took just 40 years for the Aral Sea to dry up.

UNCTAD report discussed at the US National Ethanol Conference. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=934 The National Ethanol Conference - organized by the Renewable Fuels Association of the United States, is one of the largest renewable energy events connecting industry representatives with national and foreign

players active in the ethanol market. The state of the biofuel market Ten cool facts for International Polar Bear Day. World Wildlife Fund (WWF Canada) [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://blog.wwf.ca/blog/2015/02/27/ten-cool-facts-international-polar-bear-day/ Polar bears are a powerful iconic symbol of the strength and endurance in the great white north.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LNG offering 'fresh start' on quality issue. By Unni Einemo. Bunkerworld [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bunkerworld.com/news/LNG-offering-fresh-start-on-quality-issue-134429 Moving to supply liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel to ships offers a fresh start on the issue of fuel quality control, according to a Dutch energy firm.

Turkish environmentalists boycott ship carrying radioactive waste. World Maritime News [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/150949 Environmentalist groups are urging Turkish authorities to prevent a ship, believed to be loaded with radioactive waste, from entering Turkish waters.

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IMO comments on study that states ballast water tests to prevent spread of disease are a failure. By Laura Stackhouse. Marine Trader [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://readmt.com/news/article/2015/02/02/imo-comments-on-study-that-states-ballast-water-tests-to-prevent-spread-of/ The International Maritime Organisation has responded to a new study published in the Marine Pollution Bulletin, which states an international testing program meant to stop the spread of diseases in ships' ballast water is a failure.

Shipping Industry should be prepared for global sulphur cap in 2020, says ICS. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ics-shipping.org/news/press-releases/2015/02/05/shipping-industry ICS has agreed that the shipping and bunker refining industries should work to the possibility that the global 0.5% sulphur in fuel cap, required by the IMO, is more likely to be implemented worldwide from 2020, rather than 2025.

Cruise ship sewage in Baltic ports thoroughly mapped. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://helcom.fi/news/Pages/Cruise-ship-sewage-in-Baltic-ports-thoroughly-mapped--.aspx A HELCOM report released today provides information on port reception facilities for sewage (PRFs) and their use by international cruise ships in the Baltic Sea area during 2014.

Full Report

Remarks of Christopher Koch Before the "Ballast Water Management Summit". World Shipping Council [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.worldshipping.org/public-statements/Remarks_of_Christopher_Koch_at_2nd_Ballast_Water_Management_Summit_Long

_Beach_CA__February_4_2015_-2-.pdf

US tightens MARPOL rules. By John Gallagher. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16516 US-flag shipowners must soon meet stricter MARPOL rules as the United States falls into line with international oil pollution conventions.

Clean ship fuel an "easy step" to reduce air pollution. By Kevin McGwin. Arctic Journal [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thearcticjournal.com/business/1311/clean-ship-fuel-easy-step-reduce-air-pollution Removing sulfur from shipping fuel could more than counteract the increase in emissions from increased Arctic shipping.

State of emergency for Galapagos Islands after ship runs aground. Deutsche Welle (DW) (Germany) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.dw.de/state-of-emergency-for-galapagos-islands-after-ship-runs-aground/a-18235849 A state of emergency has been put in place at the famous Galapagos Islands, a week after a cargo ship carrying hazardous materials became stranded.

International law dramatically reduces sulphur dioxide emissions in Metro Vancouver. By Larry Pynn. Vancouver Sun (Canada) [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.vancouversun.com/news/metro/International+dramatically+reduces+sulphur+dioxide+emissions/10800239/story.html Shipping industry paying a price, but air-quality engineer says shift is 'quite a success story'.

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Marine fuel quality improving. International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://ibia.net/marine-fuel-quality-improving/ Bunkers are showing an improvement in quality thanks in part to a concerted campaign by the International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) to get players from across the marine fuels supply chain to raise their game.

Vessel crash results in spill at Kaohsiung Port. By Angela Yu. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16638 A Marshall Islands-flagged vessel crashed into Pier 61 at Kaohsiung Port on 9 February, spilling 11,580 litres of bunker.

IMO details cases of non-compliant "ECA" bunkers. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/world/602765 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has released a list of cases where bunker buyers purchased fuel that was intended to be compliant with Emissions Control Area (ECA) rules, but subsequent testing showed them to exceed the required 0.10 percent sulfur cap.

Coastal communities dumping 8m tonnes of plastic in oceans every year. By Ian Sample. The Guardian [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/12/coastal-communities-dumping-8m-tonnes-of-plastic-in-oceans-every-year China ranked top polluter as figures suggest total plastic litter ending up in the seas could rise tenfold by 2025.

Oil price collapse hits sales of exhaust gas scrubbers to marine sector. Platts McGraw Hill Financial [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.platts.com/latest-news/shipping/houston/oil-price-collapse-hits-sales-of-exhaust-gas-26016024 The marine sector's interest in exhaust gas scrubber systems in order to comply with stricter emissions regulations has hit a snag with the global crude oil price collapse and added financial uncertainty.

Drewry: ECA cost impact is "Virtually Zero". Ship & Bunker [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/world/650782-drewry-eca Extra costs which were widely expected to occur with the introduction of tougher Emission Control Area (ECA) sulfur regulations on January 1, 2015 have so far failed to materialise due to the curent low cost of bunkers, with Drewry saying in its 2015 week 7 container insight that the fiscal impact has been "virtually zero."

Lysblink Seaway – Vessel ground Kilchoan Update 19 Feb 15. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/lysblink-seaway-vessel-ground-kilchoan.html There has been a further release of diesel oil from the'Lysblink Seaway,' which remains aground at Kilchoan.

Lysblink Seaway - Vessel ground Kilchoan update. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/lysblink-seaways-vessel-aground.html The Highland Council and the Maritime Coastguard Agency are sending counter-pollution equipment to the scene following a small leak from the general cargo vessel Lysblink Seaways.

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Study details impact of Deepwater Horizon oil spill on beach microbial communities. Georgia Institute of Technology [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.news.gatech.edu/2015/02/17/study-details-impact-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-beach-microbial-communities When oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill first began washing ashore on Pensacola Municipal Beach in June 2010, populations of sensitive microorganisms, including those that capture sunlight or fix nitrogen from the air, began to decline.

Update: 700 marine species threatened by plastic debris. By Jenna Iacurci. Nature World News [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/12846/20150219/update-700-marine-species-threatened-by-plastic-debris.htm After researchers just announced that our oceans are riddled with eight million metric tons of plastic, a new comprehensive study found that nearly 700 marine species encounter and are threatened by such debris on a daily basis.

Paris: Don't leave out planes and ships. EurActiv [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.euractiv.com/sections/sustainable-dev/paris-dont-leave-out-planes-and-ships-312223 There are a number of possible solutions to reduce emissions in the aviation and shipping sector.

EU Energy Union: good intentions, short on specifics, backtracking on trucks. Transport & Environment [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.transportenvironment.org/press/eu-energy-union-good-intentions-short-specifics-backtracking-trucks The European Commission's Energy Union strategy for cleaner cars and electrification of transport is welcome but the removal of CO2 standards for trucks and buses is a disappointing concession to special interests, sustainable transport group Transport & Environment has said.

HEALTH Ebola: UN health agency says large-scale vaccine trials under way in Liberia. UN News Centre [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=49980 The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) announced today that the Ebola vaccine trials now under way in Liberia would start soon in Guinea and Sierra Leone, the two other most-affected countries in West Africa.

IMF to provide grants for $100 million in debt relief to Ebola-hit Countries. International Monetary Fund (IMF) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2015/new020515a.htm The IMF will provide grants totaling $100 million to be used as debt relief to the three countries worst hit by the Ebola epidemic.

New Ebola cases show rise for second week in row. BBC News Africa [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31429433 The number of new cases of Ebola has risen in all of West Africa's worst-hit countries for the second week in a row, the World Health Organization (WHO) says.

Ebola Situation Report - 11 February 2015. World Health Organization (WHO) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ebola/en/ebola-situation-report/situation-reports/ebola-situation-report-11-february-2015 Total weekly case incidence increased for the second consecutive week, with 144 new confirmed cases reported in the week to 8 February.

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UN health agency approves rapid test for Ebola as decline in cases appears to level off. UN News Centre [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=50142 The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) today announced that it has approved for use a rapid diagnostic test kit for Ebola that can provide results in 15 minutes and correctly identify 92 percent of patients infected by the disease that has killed more than 9,400 people, mainly in West Africa.

MOAS donates medical equipment to Mater Dei Hospital. Malta Independent [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-02-26/local-news/MOAS-donates-medical-equipment-to-Mater-Dei-Hospital-6736131265 Migrant Offshore Aid Station (MOAS) has donated several items of brand new medical equipment to Malta's Mater Dei Hospital, praising hospital staff for the free healthcare shown towards refugees over the years.

HEALTH AND SAFETY Risk and responsibility for fumigants is focus of new clause. Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/news/2015/02/24_risk_and_responsibility_for_fumigants_is_focus_of_new_clause.aspx Fumigation to eradicate pests from agricultural products carried as cargo is not a risk free procedure.

IMO Industry viewpoint: the six challenges facing the next head of the IMO. By Olaf Merk. Lloyd's List [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article456408.ece Would-be secretary-generals have until the end of March to apply but there are several issues they need to consider to ensure the IMO remains relevant.

Interview: Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Arctic Council [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/resources/news-and-press/news-archive/992 We spoke with Koji Sekimizu, Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, about the Polar Code, the IMO and the Arctic Council.

LAW AND POLICY Abu Dhabi ports boosts quick oil spill response. Abu Dhabi Ports Company (ADPC) [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.adports.ae/en/news/media-centre/press-releases/abu-dhabi-ports-boosts-quick-oil-spill-response.html Abu Dhabi Ports' has completed a programme to significantly boost the quick oil speed response capabilities in Abu Dhabi Ports' busiest commercial ports.

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ILO to hold an international Tripartite Meeting of Experts to advise on recognition of Seafarers' Identity Documents and border security concerns. International Labour Organization (ILO) [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/maritime-labour-convention/news/WCMS_341712 From 4 to 6 February 2015, the ILO Governing Body has convened an international tripartite meeting of maritime and technical experts on border control to advise on the national implementation of the Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185).

UNHCR Legal Position: Despite court ruling on Sri Lankans detained at sea, Australia bound by international obligations. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/54d1e4ac9.html UNHCR has followed with deep concern Australia's recent policies and practices of interception at sea, detention and removal of individuals who may be seeking Australia's protection.

House passes bill preventing and controlling pollution from ships. By Jazmin S.Camero. Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=8505 The House of Representatives approved Monday night on third and final reading a measure that will prevent and control pollution from ships.

Greek shipowners warn government not to change treatment of shipping. By David Glass. Seatrade Global [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-global.com/news/europe/greek-shipowners-warn-government-not-to-change-treatment-of-shipping.html? In its clearest warning yet to the newly elected radical coalition government, the Union of Greek Shipowners (UGS) has revealed the temptations being put to Greek shipowners to re-locate from the Greek cluster.

Schettino's fate in judges' hands. By Kayla Turner. Maritime Executive [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/schettinos-fate-in-judges-hands The trial of Costa Concordia captain Francesco Schettino has entered its final stages on Tuesday with the verdict of the three appointed judges expected by Thursday at the latest.

Where are the bunkers on the road to Paris? BlogActiv / Transport and Environment [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://transportenvironment.blogactiv.eu/2015/02/09/where-are In the final years of negotiations for the new climate agreement, it's still not clear if it will include the fastest growing emissions sources - international aviation and shipping, also known as bunker fuels.

Costa Concordia's Schettino sentenced to 16 years in prison. By Andrew Spurrier. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16649 Costa Concordia master Francesco Schettino has been sentenced to 16 years in prison for his role in the capsize and sinking of the huge cruise ship off the Italian island of Giglio with the loss of 32 lives in January 2012.

Nautilus criticises Schettino court case. Nautilus International [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/what-we-say/nautilus-news/nautilus-criticises-schettino-court-case/ Nautilus International has warned that a crucial debate over safety has been obscured by the court case which has resulted in a 16-year jail sentence for the master of the Italian cruiseship Costa Concordia.

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Costa Concordia special: Training and crewing: Me, myself and I. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/images/assets/682/16682/Costa_Concordia_special_Training_a

nd_crewing2.pdf The Costa Concordia disaster highlighted the dangers of giving an individual legal responsibility for the lives of thousands.

7 burning issues on the road to a Paris climate deal. By Sophie Yeo and Ed King. Responding to Climate Change (RTCC) [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.rtcc.org/2015/02/13/7-burning-issues What are the big ideas governments will have to grapple with between now and December's UN climate summit?

Union condemns 'bloodlust' Schettino sentence. By Girija Shettar. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16685 Safety and welfare advocates have condemned the sentencing of Captain Francesco Schettino as "bloodlust".

Calls for fishing vessels to be included in the Polar Code. Marine Insight [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/calls-fishing As news spreads of the ice strengthened, 63m fishing vessel, Antarctic Chieftain, stuck in ice with damaged propellers and 27 people on board necessitating another Antarctic rescue operation across hundreds of kilometres, ASOC calls for work to commence on the development of a Polar Code for fishing vessels as a matter of urgency.

Industry Viewpoint: Shame on you, Italy. By Arne Sagen. Lloyd's List [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article457150.ece The verdict in the Costa Concordia trial takes us back to the bad old days of playing the 'blame game'.

Chinese coal ship captain arrested for sailing through Great Barrier Reef without pilot. By Mark Willacy. ABC News (Australia) [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-16/chinese-coal-ship-captain-arrested-sailing-through-reef-no-pilot/6115514 The Australian Federal Police have arrested the captain of a Chinese coal ship for sailing through part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park without a pilot.

Global Ocean Commission proposes elements of indicators for the UN Sustainable Development Goal on Ocean and Seas. Global Ocean Commission [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.globaloceancommission.org/news/global-ocean-commission-proposes-elements As the United Nations' Post-2015 Intergovernmental Negotiation is underway, with a view to concluding before the start of the 70th Session of the UN General Assembly in September 2015, the Global Ocean Commission has issued a document to support this process, entitled Elements of Indicators for the UN Sustainable Development

Goal on Ocean and Seas. Proposed elements of indicators for SDG Goal 14

Hong Kong captains jailed over 2012 disaster. By Dexter Yan. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16702 A Hong Kong court today sentenced a former captain, who has been convicted of 39 counts of manslaughter over a deadly vessel collision in 2012, to eight years in jail.

US pays Philippines over USS Guardian reef damage. BBC News [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-31514221 The US has paid 87m pesos ($1.97m: £1.28m) to the Philippines in compensation for damage caused to a protected reef.

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Smuggler sentenced as more migrants leave Libya. By Stephen Spark. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16731 The Assize Court in Agrigento, Italy, has sentenced Somali national Mouhamud Elmi Muhidin to 30 years in prison for his part in the brutal Mediterranean migrant smuggling trade.

UN agrees text for key Paris climate summit. Climate Action [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/un_agrees_text_for_key_2015_paris_climate_summit UN climate talks in Geneva ended on Friday with an agreement on a formal draft negotiating text for the crucial COP21 summit in Paris in December.

BP loses bid to cut maximum $13.7 billion Gulf spill fine. By Jonathan Stempel. Reuters [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/20/us-bp-spill-idUSKBN0LN2G420150220 A U.S. judge on Thursday rejected BP Plc's (BP.L) attempt to reduce the maximum civil fine it could face for its role in the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill, leaving it potentially liable to pay $13.7 billion under the federal Clean Water Act.

Two charts showing that 'deterring' migrant boats is failing. IRIN [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.irinnews.org/report/101142/two-charts Late last year the Italian government scrapped its Mediterranean search and rescue operation the Mare Nostrum after funding shortages.

Shipping industry needs uniform BWT rules. World Maritime News [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/152932 The shipping industry has supported efforts to address aquatic invasive species through ballast water treatment (BWT) standards, but for a capital expenditure of over USD 60 billion, a legal regime that offers greater clarity, predictability, and investment certainty is needed, according to World Shipping Council's President and CEO Robert Koch.

Marine Protection. Scottish Government [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://news.scotland.gov.uk/News/Marine-Protection-162b.aspx Lochhead calls on UK Government to extend funding for emergency towing vehicles.

World closes in on consensus to regulate fishing on the high seas. By Robynne Boyd. Scientific American [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/world-closes-in-on-consensus-to-regulate-fishing-on-the-high-seas/ Nations agree that global action must be taken to improve the health of the deep ocean.

Lessons from the white continent. By James Stacridis. Foreign Policy [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/23/lessons-from-the-white Why does peace and goodwill bloom at the South Pole, when the Arctic is so tense and frosty?

South Korea strengthens maritime safety inspection. By Moyoun Jin. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16840 South Korea's Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries has assigned 22 safety inspection officers at the headquarters of the ministry and regional offices of maritime affairs as a follow-up measure after the Sewol disaster.

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Cargo ship chief engineer gets 8 months jail time in marine pollution case. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/am/504042 The former chief engineer of the cargo ship M/V Selene Leader has been sentenced to eight months in prison for obstruction of justice and violating the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships after being accused of illegally dumping oily waste into the ocean and attempting to cover it up, the U.S. Department of Justice has announced.

Does Asia need a new maritime organization beyond ASEAN? By Prashanth Parameswaran. The Diplomat [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://thediplomat.com/2015/02/does-asia-need Some are calling for a new institution to manage Asia's maritime disputes.

Cabinet approves proposed legislation to repeal National Sea Act 1977. Papua New Guinea Prime Minister's Office [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.officeofprimeminister.com/#!-CABINET-APPROVES-PROPOSED-LEGISLATION-TO-REPEAL-NATIONAL-SEAS-ACT-1977-/c248k/54ed43830cf2d6b79df7ca96 The National Executive Council has approved a legislation to enact the proposed Maritime Zones Bill 2014 and repealed National Seas Act 1977.

North Korea shipping firm skirts sanctions by renaming ships - U.N. panel. By Louis Charbonneau and Michelle Nichols. Reuters [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/26/uk-northkorea-sanctions-un-exclusive-idUKKBN0LT2E820150226 A U.N.-blacklisted North Korean shipping company has renamed most of its vessels in a bid to disguise their origin and continues its illicit shipments in violation of United Nations sanctions, according to a U.N. experts report seen by Reuters on Wednesday.

Policy Letters: Guidance for the use of liquefied natural gas as a marine fuel. US Federal Register [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/02/25/2015-03852/policy-letters On February 7, 2014, the Coast Guard announced the availability, in the docket, of two draft policy letters for which it sought public comment.

UK should appoint an Ambassador for the Arctic. UK Parliament Lords Arctic Committee [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-

select/arcticcom/news/report-published/ The UK - the northernmost country below the Arctic Circle - needs to up its game or risk being 'outmanoeuvred' in the region by other states, says the House of Lords Arctic Committee in a report published today. Responding to a changing

Arctic The Arctic is changing (Infographic)

Joint declaration on enhanced partnership between the Philippines and France. Official Gazette (Republic of the Philippines) [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.gov.ph/2015/02/26/joint-declaration-on-enhanced We, the President of the Philippines Benigno S. Aquino III and the President of the French Republic Francois Hollande, agree to expand and strengthen bilateral relations and elevate the bilateral relationship to an enhanced partnership between the Philippines and France on the historic occasion of the first visit to the Philippines by an incumbent President of France made on invitation of President Aquino during his first visit to France on 17 -18 September 2014.

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Russian vessel arrested in India to be released for $200K. Russian Legal Information Agency (RAPSI) [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://rapsinews.com/judicial_news/20150227/273237047.html An Indian court has imposed a fine of more than $200,000 on a Russian vessel, "Sevastopol", arrested in India, RIA Novosti reported Friday citing Nikolai Sukhanov, Chairman of the Far Eastern Regional Organization of the Russian Sailors' Trade Union.

ITF joins US Coast Guard shore leave debate. International Transport Workers' Federation [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.itfglobal.org/en/news-events/press-releases/2015/february/itf-joins-us-coast-guard-shore-leave-debate/ The ITF (International Transport Workers' Federation) has submitted a deposition to the US Coast Guard's consultation on seafarers' access to maritime facilities - the Notice of Proposed Rule Making.

Sierra Leone approves oil spill sensitivity map, marine report. Sierra Express Media (Sierra Leone) [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=73020 Sierra Leone has endorsed two reports that recognize the threats to its marine and coastal environment, and which would contribute to a future integrated management of its coastal zone.

MARINE TECHNOLOGY Countries urged to think twice before ratifying BWM Convention. By Ashley Bhan. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/Countries-urged-to-think-twice-before-ratifying-BWM-Convention-134521 The World Shipping Council (WSC) is urging countries that have yet to ratify the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) to wait until globally-accepted ballast water treatment technology becomes commercially available.

French consortium launches anti-piracy system. Digital Ship [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thedigitalship.com/news/electronics-navigation/item/3638 A consortium called Autoprotection, led by France-headquartered technology company Sagem (Safran), has launched its new BlueDome product, an integrated system designed to protect commercial ships against piracy.

German research vessel fitted with emission abatement technology. Sustainable Shipping [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.sustainableshipping.com/news/German-research-vessel-fitted-with-emission-abatement-technology-134733 A diesel particulate filter and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) have been installed on a German Arctic research vessel to cut back its black carbon emissions and other pollutants by more than 70%.

First ship with methanol fire safety. Maritime Executive [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/pressrelease/first-ship-with-methanol-fire-safety The world's first ship to run on methanol will soon sail international waters.

Ships with pioneering system may now discharge ballast water in U.S. Waters. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ships-with-pioneering-system-may-now-discharge-ballast-water-in-u-s-waters/ Commercial vessels equipped with the pioneering system for ballast water treatment, developed by the Danish company Bawat A/S, have been approved to discharge treated ballast water in U.S. coastal waters.

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EU funds hybrid ferry conversions. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/emea/713227 Two ferries will be converted to hybrid vessels with the help of €2.3 million ($2.5 million) funding from the European Union (EU), MarineLink reports.

Smarter transportation at sea. By Sigrid Harms. FutureStructure [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.govtech.com/fs/Smarter-Transportation-at-Sea.html The Vindskip is a hybrid cargo ship that uses its hull as a smart sail.

Fathom Spotlight: "Ship intelligence" heralds dawn of new era. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/features/fathom-spotlight/546848 Rolls-Royce's futuristic new ship bridge design - the Future Operator Experience Concept or "oX" - could become reality by 2025,

RS class: Best ships of 2014. Maritime Executive [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/pressrelease/rs-class-best-ships-of-2014 The ships built in 2014 under the survey of Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) are highly estimated by the experts of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA).

Techcross, Drydocks World sign MOU on BWMS. By Moyoun Jin. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16885 South Korean ballast water management system (BWMS) manufacturer Techcross has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Drydocks World (DW), the largest ship repair facility in Dubai, for joint marketing of BWMS installation.

Wind-powered freighters. Eureka Alert [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-02/f-wf022715.php International shipping is transporting 90 percent of all goods on earth.

MARITIME SAFETY Company fined after offshore worker killed. Maritime Executive [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/company-fined-after-offshore-worker-killed An offshore services company has been fined for serious safety failings following an incident in which a worker died after plunging 23 meters from a platform into the sea.

ICS updates flag state performance table. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ics-shipping.org/news/press-releases/2015/02/11/ics-updates The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) has published its annual Shipping Industry Flag State Performance Table which can be downloaded free of

charge via the ICS website. Flag State Performance Table

Cruise line incident reporting statistics from the Coast Guard Investigative Service. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16681 The Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA) of 2010 aims to make cruise vessels safer and more secure for passengers who set sail to and from the United States.

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InterManager and ECSA to host practical workshop on large scale rescue at sea. InterManager [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.intermanager.org/2015/02/intermanager-and-ecsa-to-host-practical-workshop-on-large-scale-rescues-at-sea/ The challenges faced by seafarers and ship operators when undertaking large-scale rescues at sea will be examined and discussed during a practical workshop scheduled to take place on Monday March 2.

EMSA 3 - A Study assessing the acceptable and practicable risk level of passenger ships related to damage stability. European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) / DNV GL [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/damage-stability-

study/presentations/download/3271/2334/23.html

ClassNK to improve steel safety standards. By Michael Jones. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16773 Classification society ClassNK has announced it will begin a joint research project aimed at improving safety standards for ultra-large container ships.

The need for a Polar Portal. Maritime Executive [Online]. 22 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/the-need-for-a-polar-portal Accidents are the norm in the transportation industry.

Maritime safety signs agreement with Korean Register. By Ranoba Baoa. Fiji Sun Online [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://fijisun.com.fj/2015/02/25/maritime-safety The Maritime Safety Authority has reached a significant milestone and historic achievement after it a signed an agreement with Korean Register, a not-for-profit ship classification society.

Viewpoint: Focusing on international ferry safety. By Roberta Weisbrod. Cruise and Ferry [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.cruiseandferry.net/articles/viewpoint-focusing-on-international-ferry-safety Roberta Weisbrod, executive director of the Worldwide Ferry Safety Association, explains why now is the right time for the industry to improve ferry safety.

MARITIME SECURITY How floating armories help guard cargo ships from pirates on high seas. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/how-floating-armories-help-guard-cargo-ships-from-pirates-on-high-seas/ On the Gulf of Oman-Before dawn one morning in November, four men on the deck of the MNG Resolution lifted cases of guns and body armor out of shipping containers and heaved them into a waiting speedboat.

New strategy for combating piracy. Copenhagen Post [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://cphpost.dk/news/new-strategy-for-combating-piracy.12547.html Denmark plays an essential role in protecting ships and seamen in the international seas around Africa.

China's Silk Road faces terrorism threat. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16555 China's planned Maritime Silk Road could be highly vulnerable to disruption by Islamist militants, a forum in Bangkok heard on 6 February.

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Africa's maritime security wish list for 2015. By Timothy Walker. Institute for Security Studies (ISS) / All Africa [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://allafrica.com/stories/201502061373.html 2014 was an important year for African maritime security, and one of several improvements.

At China Sea impasse, Manila bolsters navy. By Simone Orendain. Voice of America [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.voanews.com/content/philippines-upgrades-navy-amid-china-sea-standoff/2631658.html The Philippine Navy is upgrading its capabilities at a time of continuing tensions with China over disputed territory in the South China Sea.

Hidden in full view. Port Strategy [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/port-operations/planning-and-design/hidden-in-full-view Cyber security needs to be taken more seriously by vulnerable seaports, says Martin Rushmere.

ReCAAP: Report all maritime crime incidents. Maritime CEO [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-ceo.com/News/ReCAAP:-Report-all-maritime-crime-incidents/3w3c541.html Shipowners, operators and managers should report every piracy attempt, however small the incident appears to be, for authorities to get a better picture of what is happening in the maritime crime arena.

Watchkeeper on crewing: the price of experience. Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/news/2015/02/11_watchkeeper_week_07.aspx Seafarers were once amazingly flexible folk, whose qualifications embraced a range of competencies and who were able to move around between most sectors on demand.

Nigeria: 'Coastal Insecurity Threatens 98 Percent of Nigeria's Trade'. By Maryam Ahmadu-Suka. Daily Trust (Nigeria) / All Africa [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://allafrica.com/stories/201502110906.html 98 per cent of Nigeria's bulk trade is currently being threatened by the increasing insecurity in its coastal region which is gradually extending to the greater part of the Gulf of Guinea, Commandant, Armed Forces Command and Staff College (AFCSC) Jaji, Kaduna, AVM John Chris Ifemeje, has said.

Lapin bomb a fake. By Dale Wainwright. TradeWinds [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/piracy/354507/lapin-bomb-a-fake An alleged bomb planted aboard a tanker while it was hijacked off Malaysia has turned out to be just a dummy.

Libya : NSA warns on security risks. Skuld [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.skuld.com/topics/voyage--port-risks/port-news/africa/libya-nsa-warns-on-security-risks/ Members will be aware of the continued unstable security environment in Libya.

Soft-law guidelines for maritime security compliance. Maritime Executive [Online]. 15 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/features/soft-law-guidelines-for-maritime-security-compliance Despite global regulation grounded in the international Law of the Sea (specifically, UNCLOS) and a myriad of coastal, port and flag state policies, major institutional gaps remain in the regulation of private maritime security.

Changing global scenario makes maritime security of greater significance: Gen Rashid. Daily Times (Pakistan) [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/16-Feb-2015/changing-global-scenario-makes-maritime-scruity-of-greater-significance-gen-rashid Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee Chairman General Rashid Mehmood has said that the littoral states of the region need to focus on collaborative maritime security with a spirit of cooperation rather than competition.

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Frontex to tackle threat of gun-toting smugglers. By Caroline Muscat. Times of Malta [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150218/local/frontex-to-tackle-threat-of-gun-toting-smugglers.556587 Frontex will be meeting today to discuss the new threat posed by Kalashnikov-wielding smugglers who approached rescue teams carrying out a migrant rescue operation off the Libyan coast demanding their boat back.

'Pandemonium could be wrought' in Europe by 'targeting' shipping, claims ISIS document. By Charlie Bartlett. Seatrade Global [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-global.com/news/europe/pandemonium-could-be-wrought-in-europe-by-targeting-shipping-says-islamic-state-document.html Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has outlined the opportunity to disrupt Southern Europe through targeting "Crusader ships and tankers" in the Mediterranean, should it secure a sufficient foothold in Libya.

Dispatch of SDF officer to head intl antipiracy force a significant step. Japan News [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001946329 We hope this will be a step toward expanding the overseas missions of the Self-Defense Forces and strengthening international cooperation.

Navy is to gift a ship to Malta. Irish Examiner [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/navy-gifts-ship-to-malta-313305.html The Government is to gift one of its Naval Service ships to the Maltese to help them cope with the ongoing refugee crisis in the Mediterranean and is planning to deploy Irish ships on an EU anti-piracy missions off Somalia.

Major Middle East shipping routes secure despite turmoil: U.S. Reuters [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/23/us-mideast-crisis-yemen-gulf-idUSKBN0LR0LH20150223 Shipping corridors used by Gulf energy exporters are not at risk from violence and political volatility in Yemen and the seizure of swathes of territory in the region by Islamic State militants, a senior U.S. naval officer said on Monday.

Turkey extends naval mission in Gulf of Aden. Journal of Turkish Weekly [Online]. 21 February 2015. Available from: http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/180526 Experts agree that Turkey's decision to extend its mandate in NATO's operation in the Gulf of Aden is strategically important.

Government to equip Ghana Navy to ensure maritime security. Spy Ghana [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.spyghana.com/government-to-equip-ghana-navy-to-ensure-maritime-security/ Vice President Kwesi Amissah-Arthur, has reiterated government's commitment to support the Ghana Navy and ensure maritime security.

What would you do if Isis was approaching, and safety was only 70 miles across the sea? By Ian Birrell. The Independent [Online]. 22 February 2015. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/what-would-you-do-if-isis-was-approaching-and-safety-was-only-70-miles-across-the-sea-10063048.html Britain likes to pose as a force for decency in the world, but it's permitting hundreds of desperate people to needlessly die.

Colombian Navy divers discover cocaine haul near rudder of U.S.- bound tanker. By Mike Schuler. GCaptain [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://gcaptain.com/colombian-navy-divers The Colombian Navy has seized over 220 pounds of cocaine and apprehended two stowaways from a U.S-bound tanker in Cartagena Bay.

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South Africa: Stowaways at ports – Renewed warning. Skuld [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.skuld.com/topics/people/stowaways/africa/south-africa-stowaways-at-ports---renewed-warning/ Stowaways continue to present a serious risk for vessels calling at African ports.

3-day global meet to boost maritime security. Business Standard (India) [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/3-day-global-meet-to-boost-maritime-security-115022301055_1.html As part of India's efforts to strengthen maritime security and boost economic ties with Indian Ocean Rim countries, a three-day international conference to be attended by 20 nations will be held here next month.

Libya needs international maritime force to help stop illicit oil, weapons - U.N. experts. By Michelle Nichols and Louis Charbonneau. Reuters [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/27/uk-libya-security-un-idUKKBN0LV05320150227 Libyan authorities are unable to halt the illicit trade in oil or the flow of weapons in and out of the country, and they need an international maritime force to help, United Nations sanctions monitors said in a new report.

Italian coast guard, humiliated, demands weapons for Islamic State defense. By Douglas Ernst. Washington Times [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/27/italian-coastguard-humiliated-demands-weapons-isla/ Italy's coast guard said Friday that it was "humiliating" that its personnel had to depend on others for protection from possible terror attacks and demanded that the government provide them with weapons.

MARITIME TRAINING Union backs owners' warnings on training aid. Nautilus International [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/what-we-say/nautilus-news/union-backs-owners-warnings-on-training-aid/ Nautilus has welcomed a call from the president of the UK shipowners' organisation for the government to do more to support British seafarer training.

Coastal security must be included in school curriculum: Official. Economic Times (India) [Online]. 7 February 2015. Available from: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02-07/news/58902813_1 Schools and colleges in the country must have curriculum designed to create awareness among youngsters on the importance of safeguarding India's vast coastline, a top Naval official today said.

Experience - at a price. By Michael Grey. Baird Maritime [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bairdmaritime.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16375:experience Everyone wants experienced people operating their ships.

IMO Secretary-General experiences maritime innovation at Plymouth University. Ship Management International [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://shipmanagementinternational.com/imo-secretary-general-experiences-maritime-innovation-at-plymouth-university/ The Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Koji Sekimizu, has visited Plymouth University as part of the preparations for World Maritime Day 2015.

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Crisis Management Course gains MCA approval. Stel Marine International [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://videotel.com/news/press_releases/cisis_management_course_gains_mca_approval/ Videotel course responds to international training changes and earns MCA approval.

Stakeholders advocate bilateral training option for Nigerian seafarers. By Francis Ezem. National Mirror (Nigeria) [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/stakeholders-advocate The obvious inability of the Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron to undertake the 12-mandatory sea time training for over 5, 000 of its cadets due to the huge financial outlay has led to renewed calls for the adoption of a bilateral option with multinational shipping lines operating in the country to make these cadets marketable globally.

Firm to help seafarers sail through training. Buchan Observer (UK) [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.buchanobserver.co.uk/news/business-directory/firm-to-help-seafarers-sail-through-training-1-3689901 A leading North-east recruitment firm is encouraging seafarers to undertake new security training ahead of mandatory deadlines in July.

Philippines send Nigerians out of class over tuition fees. By John Iwori. This Day Live (Nigeria) [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/philippines-send-nigerians-out-of-class-over-tuition-fees/202220/ Hundreds of Nigerian youths presently studying various maritime courses in The Philippines have been sent out of their classrooms following their alleged inability to pay their tuition fees and other sundry payments for their upkeep.

National scene: Govt to revamp 400 maritime schools. Jakarta Post [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/02/23/national-scene-govt-revamp-400-maritime-schools.html Coordinating Maritime Affairs Minister Indroyono Soesilo has said that the government plans to reopen 400 maritime vocational schools to train students for jobs in the maritime sector.

Topaz, Saudi University to offer maritime training. By Aiswarya Lakshmi. MarineLink.Com [Online]. 22 February 2015. Available from: http://www.marinelink.com/news/university-maritime386323.aspx Topaz Marine KSA, a subsidiary of Topaz Energy and Marine, and the King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah have joined forces to offer training to cadets from the university which allows them to operate as officers onboard sea going vessels.

Thames Tideway Tunnel project will leave legacy to tackle maritime skills shortage. Recruiter [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.recruiter.co.uk/news/2015/02/thames-tideway-tunnel-project-will-leave-legacy-to-tackle-maritime-skills-shortage/ The construction of the Thames Tideway Tunnel next year is an opportunity to build a "legacy" to address key skill shortages in the maritime sector, according to Sezen Zeki, managing director at JobsinMaritime.com, the job site and recruitment consultancy charged with filling maritime roles on the project.

Sailor, who died in Malaysia, studied in illegal Institute. By C.Shivakumar. New Indian Express [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Sailor-Who-Died-in-Malaysia-Studied-in-Illegal-Institute/2015/02/25/article2685496.ece Even as parents of the young sailor who died in Malaysia are waiting for the mortal remains of their son, it has come to light that the institute in Thoothukudi where he studied is not recognised by the Director General of Shipping.

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MIGRANTS Cuban migrants flow into South Florida at highest rate in 10 years. By Nora Gamez Torres and Alfonso Chardy. Miami Herald [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article8913872.html Javier Martínez boarded a plane at José Martí International Airport in Havana one day in October and left the island to seek a better future abroad.

35 African migrants feared dead as boat sinks off Yemen coast. Panorama Am (Armenia) [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.panorama.am/en/society/2015/02/03/migrants/ As many as 35 migrants fleeing Africa were unaccounted for after their boat sank off the Yemeni coast on Monday, Yemeni state Saba news agency reported, according to Xinhuanet.

Migrants die of hypothermia after Lampedusa boat rescue. BBC News Europe [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31316535 At least 27 migrants have died of hypothermia after being picked up near the island of Lampedusa, the Italian coast guard has said.

Twenty-nine migrants die of cold on Italian coast guard boats. By Steve Scherer. Reuters [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/09/uk-italy-migrants-idUKKBN0LD1SD20150209 Twenty-nine migrants died of hypothermia aboard Italian coast guard vessels on Monday after being picked up from a boat adrift near Libya, reigniting criticism of the government's decision to end a full-scale search-and rescue mission last year.

Update: Major tragedy in the Mediterranean confirmed, 300 migrants and refugees are missing. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/54db3dd69.html The UN refugee agency is shocked at new information emerging on the actual scale of the tragedy in the Mediterranean after Monday's rescue attempts by the Italian Coast Guard.

IOM fears over 300 African migrants drown en route to Europe. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2015/pbn-listing/iom-fears-over-300-african-migra.html Switzerland - IOM today (11/2) denounced the actions of Libya-based people smugglers responsible for the deaths of hundreds of African migrants sent to sea during a storm in unseaworthy inflatable dinghies.

Mediterranean sinking kills 200 migrants bound for Europe. BBC News Europe [Online].

11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31414009 At least 300 migrants are feared to have drowned after attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea from North Africa this week in rough seas, the UN says.

Statement by the High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini on addressing the challenges of migration. European External Action Service (EEAS) [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150210_03_en.htm We cannot allow other tragedies at sea in the coming weeks and months; we need to be able to give a strong political and operational response.

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Migrants die of hypothermia off Lampedusa as smuggling season gets underway. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2015/pbn-listing/migrants-die-of-hypothermia-off.html The deaths from hypothermia in severe winter conditions of 29 Sub-Saharan Africans, from a group of 105 picked up by the Italian Coast Guard off the island of Lampedusa, marks an ominous and early start to the Mediterranean "human smuggling season".

UN calls for boosted search, rescue efforts as migrants die of hypothermia in Mediterranean. UN News Centre [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsId=50043 The United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) has urged European nations to ramp up search and rescue missions in the Mediterranean Sea following the region's first major maritime tragedy this year in which dozens of people perished, apparently from hypothermia.

UNHCR calls for more robust search-and-rescue operation on Mediterranean. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/54dc8dc59.html The UN refugee agency on Thursday called on the European Union (EU) to urgently change its approach to dealing with irregular crossings of the Mediterranean Sea and make saving lives the topmost priority.

Migrants drowned in Mediterranean 'could have been saved'. BBC News Europe [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31437971 The drowning of more than 300 migrants in the Mediterranean Sea this week could have been prevented with better EU lifesaving provisions, experts say.

Maltese cargo ship assists boat migrants. By Matthew Vella. Malta Today [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/49590/maltese Coastguard headquarters in Rome said it had received a request for help by satellite telephone and had directed the Maltese ship to the location of the first vessel, a rubber boat.

About 700 migrants rescued from boats near Libya: coastguard. By James Mackenzie. Reuters [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/13/us-italy-migrants-idUSKBN0LH1B120150213 Two commercial ships and an Italian coastguard vessel rescued about 700 migrants from overcrowded boats near the Libyan coast on Friday, days after more than 300 people died trying to make the crossing to Europe.

Cargo ships help rescue new wave of Mediterranean migrants. By Stephen Spark. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16709 Two merchant ships helped rescue around 700 migrants off the coast of Libya.

Italians rescue more than 2,000 Mediterranean migrants. BBC News Europe [Online].

15 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31481792 The Italian coastguard has rescued more than 2,000 migrants in a major operation off the Libyan coast, officials say.

Italy rescues more than 2,000 migrants off Libya. The Local (Italy) [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thelocal.it/20150216/italy-rescues-more-than-2000-migrants-of-libya The Italian coastguard launched a massive operation on Sunday to rescue more than 2,000 migrants in difficulty between the Italian island of Lampedusa and the Libyan coast, local media said.

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At least 3,800 migrants rescued from Mediterranean since Friday: IOM. International Organization for Migration (IOM) [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2015/pbn-listing/at-least-3800-migrants-rescued-f.html iOM teams in Italy reported Tuesday (17/2) that 933 migrants have arrived on the island of Lampedusa during the past 24 hours, bringing to at least 3,800 the total number of survivors rescued from the Mediterranean since Friday (13/2).

Understanding a little of the migrants' pitiful journey. By Emma Jane Kirby. BBC News

[Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31488163 A small multinational fleet patrols the Mediterranean, hoping to intercept and rescue the thousands of refugees trying to reach the coast of Italy.

Patrolling the Mediterranean Sea for migrants. By Emma Jane Kirby. BBC News [Online].

16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31484287 The problem of migrants trying to travel from Africa to Europe by sea has been in the spotlight recently, after 300 perished trying to make the journey last week.

Italy's Mediterranean mass grave: Europe or Die (Episode 4). VICE [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: https://news.vice.com/video/italys-mediterranean-mass-

grave-europe-or-die-episode-4 Since 2000, more than 27,000 migrants and refugees have died attempting the perilous journey to Europe.

Lampedusa migrant centre conditions 'desperate' after rescues. BBC News [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31501782 Conditions at a migrant reception centre on the island of Lampedusa are "getting desperate", an Italian official has told the BBC.

Italy: Lampedusa survivors' tales of despair should shock EU into action. Amnesty International [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/02/italy-lampedusa-survivors-tales-of-despair-should-shock-eu-into-action/ The European Union's limited search and rescue resources contributed to the soaring death toll after four rubber dinghies carrying hundreds of migrants sent out an SOS in stormy weather in the southern Mediterranean last week, Amnesty International revealed today after a visit to Lampedusa.

Millionaires saving migrants. BBC World Service [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02jrhgy Interview with the founders of Migrants Offshore Aid Station - MOAS.

Surge in number of migrants trying to reach Italy from Libya. By Emma Graham-Harrison and Rosie Scammell. The Guardian [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/18/thousands-of-migrants-nearly-die-in-a-week-trying-to-reach-italy-from-libya Italian foreign minister calls for expansion of EU rescue mission with thousands risking lives in recent days.

Europe must act as growing numbers of children flee across the Mediterranean. Save the Children [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://blogs.savethechildren.org.uk/2015/02/europe-must-act-as-growing Some 250 children have arrived in Italy over the past week, as part of the growing flow of migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea.

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UN Human Rights Office welcomes Greece's envisaged changes in migration policy. United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC) [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: http://www.unric.org/en/latest-un-buzz/29649 The Regional Office for Europe of the United Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR) welcomes the plan of the new Government of Greece for a comprehensive change of migration policy, as announced by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras on 8 February 2015.

Shipping should no longer conduct sea rescues. By Girija Shettar. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16789 Industry representatives will explain to the EU why the shipping sector should no longer be expected to shoulder the burden of large scale migrant rescues in the Mediterranean Sea.

Militants, migrants and the Med: Europe's Libya problem. By Neil Arun. BBC News [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31584236 Islamic State militants in Libya have vowed to attack Europe.

The lone seven-year-olds leaving home and country behind. By Paul Kenyon. BBC News [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31586810 Children as young as seven are travelling thousands of miles alone, across land and sea - some are sent by their parents who don't want them to grow up in repressive countries such as Eritrea.

Maritime workers caught in the traffickers' net. By Greg Watts. Justice Magazine [Online]. February 2015. Available from: http://issuu.com/justicemagazine/docs/justice_magazine_-_winter_2015/4 The discovery in August of 35 Afghans, including 13 children, inside a container at Tilbury docks in Essex grabbed the media headlines.

Can Europe stop migrants dying in the Mediterranean? BBC News [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31510336 More than 3,000 people are estimated to have died in the Mediterranean Sea last year.

The EU stands by as thousands of migrants drown in the Mediterranean. By Benjamin Ward. Human Rights Watch (HRW) [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/02/25/eu-stands-thousands-migrants-drown-mediterranean On the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa stands a graveyard filled with simple wooden crosses.

Dozens of Syrian and Iraqi migrants rescued off Romanian coast. Reuters [Online]. 28 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/28/us-romania-migrants-ship-idUSKBN0LW0DI20150228 Romania's coast guard rescued 70 migrants - mostly Syrians and Iraqis - packed on to a small fishing boat that was in danger of sinking as they attempted to make the crossing to Europe in stormy seas on Saturday.

NAVIGATION COMMUNICATIONS Sea lanes bill due for approval today. By Charissa Luci. Manila Bulletin [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.mb.com.ph/sea-lanes-bill-due-for-approval-today/ The House Committee on Foreign Affairs is set to approve today the measure seeking to establish the archipelagic sea lanes in the country's archipelagic waters, prescribing the rights and obligations of foreign ships and aircraft exercising the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

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Finding common ground in the Arctic. By Scott Appleton. International Bar Association (IBA) [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ibanet.org/Article/Detail.aspx?ArticleUid=CBBF100F-FB31-425D-A1C7-51886E01ECF4 Ever more exploration ships are heading to the Arctic seeking new sources of fossil fuels.

Humanising a life at sea. By Michael Grey. Lloyd's List [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article456431.ece Connectivity to electronic communications - and its absence - seems to bring a host of problems on board.

Help on the way for ice-bound fishing boat in Antarctica. Maritime New Zealand [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritimenz.govt.nz/news/media-releases-2014/20150212a.asp The Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand (RCCNZ) is organising help for an Australian-flagged fishing boat trapped by ice in Antarctica.

Beidou: China's new satellite navigation system. Parliament of Australia [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22library%2Fprspub%2F3683594%22 On 28 October 2014, just three weeks before Prime Minister Abbott and PRC President Xi Jinping signed an agreement in Hobart promising 'increased collaboration in Antarctic science', the Chinese official newsagency Xinhua announced that China would be establishing the first Antarctic base station for its Beidou satellite navigation system.

PIRACY Second Asian chemical tanker attacked. By Wendy Laursen. Maritime Executive [Online]. 1 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/second-asian-chemical-tanker-attacked A second chemical tanker has been attacked by pirates within a week in South East Asia.

ReCAAP ISC reports 50% piracy incident fall in Indonesia. By Titus Zheng. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16489 Singapore-based anti-piracy watchdog ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre (ReCAAP ISC) stated in its annual report for 2014 that there was a 50% decrease in the number of incidents occurring at ports and anchorages in Indonesia.

ReCAAP Annual Report 2014. ReCAAP [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.recaap.org/Portals/0/docs/Reports/2015/ReCAAP%20ISC%20Annual%20Report%2

02014.pdf There has been an increase in the number of piracy and armed robbery against ships incidents in Asia in 2014 compared to the past four years (2010-2013).

Ship officer killed in pirate attack on Greek vessel off Nigeria. By Ashley Bhan. Bunkerworld [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bunkerworld.com/news/134523 A Greek-operated Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) was attacked by pirates late Tuesday off Nigeria, resulting in the death of the ship's first officer.

West Africa piracy issue to stay long term, may affect regional trade. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/west-africa-piracy-issue-to-stay-long-term-may-affect-regional-trade/ The recent violent attack on the Malta-flagged VLCC MT Kalamos off the Nigerian coast has sparked a fresh round of talks in the shipping industry about the escalating piracy threat in West Africa and its potential implications.

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Lessons learned – how Seychelles can help other African regions to tackle piracy. By Hajira Amla. Seychelles News Agency [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/2339 The experience gained by the Seychelles in tackling piracy and other issues relating to maritime security over the past few years is being placed under the microscope to look at ways of applying these measures to other affected regions in Africa.

Pirates siphon fuel, plant IED on tanker. By Titus Zheng. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16700 A Thailand-registered tanker was boarded by eight armed men who siphoned its fuel and planted an improvised explosive device (IED) on the tanker's bridge while it was underway in the Strait of Malacca off Port Klang, Malaysia.

IHS Maritime & Trade Piracy in 2014. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 13 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16680 Infographic

Fears of piracy increase in Nigeria. By Savahna Nightingale. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16778 Analysts have predicted an increase in piracy incidences in Nigeria after the presidential elections were postponed last week.

Tanker crew members freed after kidnapping off Nigeria. Reuters [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/25/uk-greece-tanker-nigeria-idUKKBN0LT20120150225 Three crew members of a Maltese-flagged supertanker, who were kidnapped by pirates three weeks ago off Nigeria, have been released, Greece's foreign ministry said on Wednesday.

Somali pirates free 2011 Thai hostages. Bangkok Post [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www2.bangkokpost.com/news/general/485245 Four Thai fishermen held hostage by Somali pirates for nearly five years have been released, officials in the African nation said Friday.

PORT STATE CONTROL

European fuel suppliers to be targeted as part of new sulphur regime. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article456662.ece Port state guidance to suggest sampling gasoils as supplied to vessels to check with rule compliance.

Enforcement activity to protect the Southern Ocean. Government of Australia Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/peterdutton/2015/Pages/protect-southern-ocean.aspx The Australian Government has reinforced its commitment to protecting resources in the Southern Ocean with the interception and boarding of a fishing vessel believed to have been operating under a false flag and in defiance of international conventions.

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PORTS AND HARBOURS

Pollution in ports and harbours. By Jake Frith. Maritime Journal [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/pollution-control/pollution-in-ports-and-harbours Just like shipping, Ports and harbours have a responsibility to prevent pollution to the environment.

China linked to Thai canal plans. Sino Ship News [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://splash247.com/China-linked-to-Thai-canal-plans/ With the second decade of this century becoming known for mega canal projects, an old Thai infrastructure plan is being dusted off once again.

Large cruise ships coming to London 'within two years'. By Oliver Smith. The Telegraph [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/cruise-news/11386176/Large-cruise-ships-coming-to-London-within-two-years.html Large cruise ships could become a familiar sight on the Thames under plans for a new passenger terminal in Greenwich.

Heavy fighting in Libya's Benghazi as army pushes to take port. By Ayman Al-Warfalli. Reuters [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/05/us-libya-security-clashes-idUSKBN0L92ZO20150205 Clashes erupted in the center of Libya's main eastern city Benghazi on Thursday as pro-government forces pushed to take the port district from Islamist militants, and seven soldiers were killed, witnesses and military officials said.

Dredging strategies for successful port developments. Green Port [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.greenport.com/news101/current-issue/page-35/dredging-strategies-for-successful-port-developments With commercial pressure to exploit resources in increasingly challenging and remote locations and the drive to accommodate ever increasing vessel sizes, port developers have a wealth of technical challenges to face.

Reducing shipping's carbon footprint. By Warwick Norman. Green Port [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.greenport.com/news101/current-issue/page-10/reducing-shippings-carbon-footprint Ports no longer have to take the passive role and have an increasingly strategic part to play in their link in the value chain between ships and shore.

New Harbour security contract raises questions. Daily Herald (St Maarten) [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53719 The Harbour Group of Companies is expected to finalise a new agreement with Checkmate Security Services this week that will see the security company earn three times as much in 2015 as it did over the last year for services rendered at the port.

Construction of Lamu Port begins next month. Capital FM (Kenya) [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2015/02/uhuru-construction-of-lamu-port-begins-next-month/ Construction of the Lamu port begins next month, President Uhuru Kenyatta has announced.

Canal competitiveness in question. Bulletin Panama [Online]. 23 February 2015. Available from: http://thebulletinpanama.com/2015/02/canal-competitiveness-in-question/ Will Panamá be ready to handle mega ships?

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Watchkeeper: More thoughts on safe ports. Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/news/2015/02/25_watchkeeper_week_09.aspx Ships and their physical "envelopes" are getting bigger, in virtually every shipping sector and the question as to whether a port or terminal is capable of accommodating the new dimensions is one that is increasingly being asked.

RECYCLING OF SHIPS What happens when the wreck removal convention comes into force? By Michele Labrut. Seatrade Global [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-global.com/news/americas/what-happens-when-the-wreck-removal-convention-comes-into-force.html Some eight years after its adoption The Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention [WRC] will come into force on 14 April this year, the latest piece in the ever growing regulatory jigsaw faced by the shipping industry.

Japan ready to back Indian yards with development cash. By Adam Corbett. TradeWinds [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/weekly/353783/japan-ready-to-back-indian-yards-with-development-cash While Europe looks set to ban beaching yards from dismantling its ships, Japan is preparing to help dozens of Indian breakers upgrade to international standards.

Japanese ship recycling visit throws light on Alang upgrades. By Gary Howard. Seatrade Global [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seatrade-global.com/news/asia/japanese-ship-recycling-visit-throws-light-on-alang-upgrades.html Cash buyer Global Marketing Systems (GMS) recently took a Japanese delegation to see improved working conditions at Alang's shipbreaking yards, however, pressure group NGO Shipbreaking Platform believes there is much more work to be done.

New video by VICE shows child labour and low environmental standards in Bangladeshi shipbreaking yards. NGO Shipbreaking Platform [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from:

http://www.shipbreakingplatform.org/platform-news-new-video A video published by the American magazine VICE, "Where giant cargo ships go to die", available on its website, shows that both the working conditions and the measures to protect the environment in the shipbreaking yards in Chittagong, Bangladesh, are far from being adequate.

Where giant cargo ships go to die. VICE [Online]. February 2015. Available from:

http://www.vice.com/video/bangladeshi-shipbreakers-815 There aren't too many places left in the world where the practice of ship breaking-scrapping old ships for metal-can still exist.

Ottawa eyes the shipbreaking business. By Peter Kuitenbrouwer. Financial Post (Canada) [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://business.financialpost.com/2015/02/10/ottawa-eyes-the The government of Canada thinks there may be an opportunity for Canadian companies to get into the business of scrapping and recycling ships that have outweighed their useful life.

Changing flags to use India's ship graveyard. By Anurag Kotoky. Bloomberg Business [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-12/european-ships-sneak-to-india-s-demolition-yard Vessels are switching their nation of registry to avoid EU restrictions.

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The four phases of the Costa Concordia dismantling project. By Mike Schuler. GCaptain [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://gcaptain.com/the-four-phases-of-the-costa-concordia More than three years after the Costa Concordia ran aground in Giglio, the effort to dismantle and recycle the Costa Concordia continues nearly around-the-clock in Italy.

REGULATIONS Removal of wrecks: Convention sets new springtime course. Danish Maritime Authority [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.dma.dk/news/Sider/RemovalofwrecksConventionsetsnewspringtimecourse.aspx The insurance and certification requirements of the Convention on the Removal of Wrecks become effective this April.

ECA compliance: Owners back sulphur guidelines. By Julian Macqueen. Bunkerworld [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bunkerworld.com/news/134480 Guidelines to monitor the sulphur content of bunker fuel following new regulations have been welcomed by shipowners' organisation, Intertanko.

Aronnax: Innovation and insurance. By Craig Eason. Lloyd's List [Online]. 11 February 2015. Available from: http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/ship-operations/article456912.ece Is marine insurance the stumbling block to technological advancement?

Legal Briefing: Ballast water management - February 2015 update. By Jacqueline Tan. UK P&I Club [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ukpandi.com/knowledge/article/legal-briefing-ballast-water-management-february-2015-update-131938/ Jacqueline Tan, Senior Claims Executive at UK P&I Club comments on

the strict ballast water management controls coming into force. Legal Briefing

Maersk still "Concerned" over weak ECA enforcement. Ship & Bunker [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://shipandbunker.com/news/world/455763 Maersk Group Wednesday reiterated concerns over weak enforcement of the new sulfur cap in force within Emissions Control Areas (ECAs).

SALVAGE Latest media releases: Ice bound fishing vessel. Maritime New Zealand [Online]. 16 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritimenz.govt.nz/News/

Antarctic rescue: US coast guard begins towing Tasmanian ship to clear water. ABC News (Australia) [Online]. 15 February 2015. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-14/antarctic-rescue-tasmanian-ship-begins-journey-to-open-water/6101904 A United States ship has begun towing an Australian longliner to open water after freeing it from Antarctic pack ice, rescue authorities say.

Lysblink Seaways – Update 20 February. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/lysblink-seaways-update-20-february.html Shortly before 9pm on Thursday 19 February the grounded vessel Lysblink Seaways self-floated from the foreshore at Kilchoan.

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'Beached' cargo ship Lysblink Seaway refloated. BBC News [Online]. 20 February 2015.

Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-31545794 A cargo ship that ran aground near Ardnamurchan Point in the west Highlands has been refloated on the high tide.

Lysblink Seaways – Update 26 February 2015. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.co.uk/2015/02/lysblink-seaways-update-26-feb-2015.html The 'Lysblink Seaways' is now anchored at Scallastle Bay in the Sound of Mull.

SEAFARERS Women seafaring members urged to complete health survey. Nautilus International [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/what-we-say/nautilus-news/women-seafaring-members-urged-to-complete-health-survey/ Nautilus is urging its UK women seafaring members to help the campaign for change by taking part in a new survey into their health needs.

PHL files two diplomatic protests over China's harassment of Pinoy fishers. By Michaela Del Callar. GMA News (Philippines) [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/426181 The Philippines on Wednesday lodged two diplomatic protests against China's alleged harassment of Filipino fishermen off the Manila-claimed Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea and its illegal harvest of endangered species in the same area.

Milford Haven seafarers' centre to close. By Joanna Sayers. Milford & West Wales Mercury [Online]. 4 February 2015. Available from: http://www.milfordmercury.co.uk/news/11771128.Milford_Haven A welfare centre used by seafarers visiting Milford Haven is to close, with the expected loss of eight jobs.

More seafarers being targeted for kidnap. Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme (MPHRP) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.mphrp.org/news_details/index.php?NewsID=224 In 2014 the kidnapping of senior crew members increased by 75% over the previous year, according to a report by maritime security firm Dryad Maritime.

Seafarers set adrift in liferafts after hijack. Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme (MPHRP) [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.mphrp.org/news_details/index.php?NewsID=225 Fourteen Indonesian seafarers were found adrift in life rafts after their tanker was hijacked by pirates.

ICS hopes for progress on facilitation of shore leave and movement of seafarers. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ics-shipping.org/news/press-releases/2015/02/09/ics-hopes ICS is hopeful progress can now be made towards improving the facilitation of shore leave and crew transfers for the world's 1.5 million merchant seafarers, who collectively transport about 90% of world trade.

ILO considers developing an e-passport for seafarers. By Stephen Spark. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16657 Technical upgrades to seafarers' identity documents (SIDs) should improve shore leave opportunities, a meeting of employers, trades unions and government held at the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva agreed on Monday.

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Research reveals ex-seafarers will live longer and require more welfare support. Seafarers UK [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.seafarers-uk.org/research-reveals-ex-seafarers-will-live-longer-require-welfare-support/ New research commissioned by the Maritime Charities Group* has revealed that as the number of former UK seafarers continues to decline, their need for welfare services is likely to rise due to increasing longevity and other factors.

Tasmanian arts company shines light on seafarers' plight around the globe. By Ros Lehman. ABC News (Australia) [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-19/theatre-production-shines-light-on-maritime-industry/6090758 A theatre work shining a spotlight on the highs and lows of life at sea will have its world premiere in the port city of Hobart next month.

Human rights case has maritime implications. By Ben Hardman and David Hammond. Maritime Executive [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.maritime-executive.com/features/human-rights-case-has-maritime-implications Grave breaches of human rights at sea on British-flagged vessels are hopefully relatively few and far between.

UNHCR: Continue sea rescues but safeguard crew. By Girija Shettar. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 24 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16837 The UN's refugee agency has told IHS Maritime that it supports continued sea rescues but that the safety of seafarers should be an equal priority for Europe.

Bangladesh exempt seafarers affected by maritime piracy with sea service requirements. Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme (MPHRP) [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.mphrp.org/news_details/index.php?NewsID=227 The Bangladesh Shipping Ministry has recently issued a circular in which seafarers affected by maritime piracy will be exempted with special conditions to fulfil sea service requirements in order to appear for examinations.

The foreign workers trapped on trawlers. By Sarah Shebbeare. BBC News [Online]. 20 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31537059 Visa regulations allow some foreign workers to be trapped on vessels just outside British waters, unable to come to land.

Modern ports need 'more focused' welfare centres. By Girija Shettar. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 26 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16869 The imminent closure of a mission-run port welfare centre at the UK's Port of Milford Haven has called into question the impact of rapid port turnaround times on key shore services for crews.

UN officials welcome release by Somali pirates of longest-held hostages. UN News Centre [Online]. 27 February 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50201

SHIPPING Malta Shortsea Promotion Centre developing into a maritime cluster. By Silvan Fleri. Times of Malta [Online]. 2 February 2015. Available from: http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150202/business-news/Malta-Shortsea-Promotion-Centre-developing-into-a-maritime-cluster.554390 The Malta Shortsea Promotion Centre as a maritime cluster is open to all professionals bringing together all sectors of the maritime/logistics industry.

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Sovcomflot and RS cooperate to bring new state-of-the-art vessels to Russia's commercial fleet. Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) [Online]. 3 February 2015. Available from: http://www.rs-class.org/en/register/news/detail.php?ID=9304 Sovcomflot (SCF Group) and Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) have both taken steps to make the Russian fleet more competitive.

New evidence shows shipping not to blame for seal deaths. UK Chamber of Shipping [Online]. 5 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ukchamberofshipping.com/news/2015/02/05/new-evidence-shows-shipping-not-blame-seal-deaths/ New evidence has emerged that seal deaths around the UK's coastal waters are the result of predatory behaviour by grey seals, rather than ship propeller injuries.

Renewed focus on maritime amid dwindling oil revenue. Daily Independent (Nigeria) [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/02/renewed There is little political will to empower Nigerians' active participation in cargo freighting and ancillary services, which is currently dominated by foreign interests.

Experts say "Maritime Silk Road" will stimulate economic potential of developing countries. Xinhuanet (China) [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-02/09/c_133981299.htm The "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" will pave the way for the establishment of the Asia-Pacific economic community as well as greatly stimulate the potential to spur rapid economic growth of emerging markets, said scholars in Singapore.

The invisible network that keeps the world running. By Tim Maughan. BBC Future [Online]. 9 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150209-the-network-that-runs-the-world One of the world's most dazzling engineering feats is largely hidden from view.

Government Programme 2015-2019: Ocean economy to sustain economic diversification. Government of Mauritius [Online]. 6 February 2015. Available from: http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Ocean-Economy-to-Sustain-Economic-Diversification.aspx Government is committed to making Ocean economy an important industry to sustain economic diversification, job creation and wealth generation.

Korean Register is authorized to deliver statutory services in Canada. Hellenic Shipping News [Online]. 10 February 2015. Available from: http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/korean-register-is-authorized-to-deliver-statutory-services-in-canada/ Korean Register (KR) - an IACS member classification society - announces that it has been fully authorized by the Marine Safety and Security Division of Transport Canada to perform "statutory services" on behalf of the government of Canada.

Container ships crowd waters off US west coast as labour dispute deepens. The Guardian [Online]. 12 February 2015. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/12/dockworkers-labor-dispute-us-west-coast-los-angeles Dockworkers accused of work slowdowns as contract negotiations lurch on.

How does the fast fall in oil prices impact the maritime industry? IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 15 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/images/assets/691/16691/How_does_the_fast_fall_in_oil_prices

_impact_the_maritime_industry.pdf The fall in oil price has had several impacts on the shipping sector; to understand them one has to look at the nature of transportation.

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UK registered fleet shrinks. World Maritime News [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/152617 The number of UK registered ships is currently at its lowest level since 2006, according to 2014 Shipping Fleet Statistics released by the UK Transport Department.

Shipping Fleet Statistics: 2014. UK Department for Transport [Online]. 18 February 2015. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/shipping-fleet-statistics-2014 Report on the UK and world shipping fleets in 2014.

Madagascar to host maritime information centre. By Stephen Spark. IHS Maritime 360 [Online]. 17 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/16737 Work is to start next month on a regional maritime information centre (RMIC) for the western Indian Ocean.

Supertankers speed up as oil prices fall. By Naomi Christie. Bloomberg [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-19/supertankers-speeding-up-as-oil-price-rout-seen-adding-cargoes The world's supertankers are sailing at the fastest speeds in 2 1/2 years as a collapse in crude oil prices spurs demand for cargoes and drives up daily returns owners can make from deliveries.

DNV GL welcomes MSC Oscar, world's largest boxship, to fleet. By Smin Adams. DNV GL [Online]. 19 February 2015. Available from: http://www.dnvgl.com/news-events/news/msc-oscar-worlds-largest-boxship.aspx The world's leading ship and offshore classification society DNV GL welcomes the world's largest containership into class - the MSC Oscar.

57% of Tory candidates say EU 'bad for business' – Chamber poll. UK Chamber of Shipping [Online]. 25 February 2015. Available from: http://www.ukchamberofshipping.com/news/2015/02/25/57-tory-candidates-say-eu-bad-business-chamber-poll/ 57% of Conservative candidates at the forthcoming election believe the EU has been bad for British business, according to a new poll commissioned by the UK Chamber of Shipping ahead of European Shipping Week.

Sustainability Report 2014. Maersk [Online]. February 2015. Available from: http://www.maersk.com/~/media/the%20maersk%20group/sustainability/files/publications/2014/

maersk_sustainability_report_2014_online_version-1.pdf

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RESEARCH

What is maritime security? By C. Bueger. Marine Policy. [Online]. (2015). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X14003327 Maritime security is one of the latest buzzwords of international relations.

The perception and image of shipping. By A. K. Jensen, R. Y. Bergqvist et al. WMU J Marit Affairs. [Online]. (2015). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-015-0077-1 The image of the shipping industry plays a vital role in developing maritime transport as a major future, sustainable transport alternative.

Demographic Clusters Identified within the Northern Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncates Unusual Mortality Event: January 2010 - June 2013. By S. Venn-Watson, L. Garrison et al. PLos ONE. [Online]. (2015). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0117248 A multi-year unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates) was declared in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) with an initial start date of February 2010 and remains ongoing as of August 2014.

Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. By J. R. Jambeck, R. Geyer et al. Science. [Online]. (2015). Available from: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768.abstract Plastic debris in the marine environment is widely documented, but the quantity of plastic entering the ocean from waste generated on land is unknown.

The impact of debris on marine life. By S. C. Gall, R. C. Thompson. Marine Pollution Bulletin. [Online]. (2015). Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14008571 Marine debris is listed among the major perceived threats to biodiversity, and is cause for particular concern due to its abundance, durability and persistence in the marine environment.

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About the cover: The CAB Cover is a photograph of the international memorial to the world’s seafarers, past, present and future which graces the entrance to IMO Headquarters in London. The memorial, a seven-metre high, ten-tonne bronze representation of the bow of a cargo ship with a lone seafarer on the deck, is the work of internationally renowned British sculptor Michael Sandle.s