Most economic growth happens in non-OECD countries, where GDP per person nearly triples from 2018 to 2050

Most energy-intensive manufacturing shifts to non-OECD Asia and, increasingly, to India

The industrial sector is the largest consumer of energy, and energy-intensive manufacturing is the largest component in the sector

Manufacturing centers are shifting toward Africa and South Asia, especially India, resulting in energy consumption growth

Energy-intensive manufacturing gross output1 by regionshare

End-use energy consumption by sectorquadrillion British thermal units

Energy consumption by industrial subsectorquadrillion British thermal units

Average annual percentage change in GDP (gross domestic product), 2018–2050percentage per year

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

India

other non-OECD Asia

China

Africa

rest of world

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

energy-intensive manufacturing

non-energy- intensive manufacturing

non- manufacturing

1Measured in purchasing power parity

industrial

transportation

residential

commercial

0%–2%2%–3%3%–4% >4%

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Source: International Energy Outlook 2019 (IEO2019)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

International Energy Outlook 2019 key takeaway

Consumption of natural gas in 2050trillion cubic feet

Supply of natural gas in 2050trillion cubic feet

Consumption of liquid fuels increases 22% between 2018 and 2050, driven by Asia and Africa

Consumption of liquid fuels in 2050million barrels per day

Supply of crude oil increases 21% between 2018 and 2050, and production remains high in OPEC, Russia, and the United States

Supply of crude oil in 2050million barrels per day

Natural gas consumption rises in Asia, even as regional production stays flat

The United States remains the world’s largest natural gas producer through 2050

0–3 3–9 9–13 13–17 >17

0–1 1–5 5–10 10–15>15

0–5 5–10 10–15 15–20>20

0–1 1–5 5–10 10–25>25

Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.Source: International Energy Outlook 2019 (IEO2019)

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Natural gas and petroleum product consumption is rising in Asia faster than supply is growing, potentially shifting trade patterns and infrastructure investments

International Energy Outlook 2019 key takeaway

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Source: International Energy Outlook 2019 (IEO2019)

Electricity use grows in the buildings sectors, as access to electricity and electrical appliance use increases in non-OECD countries

Motor gasoline and diesel continue to be the dominant transportation fuels, but the consumption of jet fuel, natural gas, and electricity all increase

Renewables displace petroleum as the most used energy source, as electricity use grows faster than any other end-use fuel

72

9:35

Primary energy consumptionquadrillion British thermal units

Electricity use by sectorquadrillion British thermal units

End-use energy consumptionquadrillion British thermal units

electricity

coal

natural gas

liquids1

renewables2

Transportation energy consumption quadrillion British thermal units

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2018 2050

OECD

2018

2050

non-OECD

nuclear

1. Includes petroleum and liquid biofuels 2. End use is largely biomass

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2018 2050 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2018 2050

electricity

natural gas

jet fuel

motor gasoline

diesel

residual fuel oil

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2018 2050

industrial

residential buildings

commercial buildings

transportation

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019

End-use consumption is increasingly shifting toward electricity

International Energy Outlook 2019 key takeaway

In OECD Europe, emission policies drive adoption of solar and wind, and they slow growth of natural gas and coal

In non-OECD Europe and Eurasia, low demand growth and fewer policy incentives result in a slower changing electricity mix

Share of net electricity generation

The electricity mix in China changes through a combination of growth and policy incentives

0%

100%

2018 2050

In India, rapid demand growth, declining renewables costs, and policy incentives drive adoption of coal, solar, and wind

0%

100%

2018 2050

0%

100%

2018 2050

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

0%

100%

2018 2050

OECD Europe India

China

other

solar

wind

hydro

nuclear

naturalgascoal

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Source: International Energy Outlook 2019 (IEO2019)

International Energy Outlook 2019 key takeaway

Falling costs, demand growth, and policy all work together to shift the electricity generation mix