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INTERFEROMETER

INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

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Page 1: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

INTERFEROMETER

Page 2: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Albert Abraham Michelson

Michelson Interferometer

(1852-1931)

Page 3: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Experimental set up

Page 4: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)
Page 5: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Effective arrangement of the interferometer

Circular fringes

©SPK

Page 6: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Radius of nth dark ring

md

md

m

m

212

cos22

d

nDDr mn

2

222

In Michelson interferometer

Page 7: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Haidinger Fringe

md m cos2

Page 8: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)
Page 9: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

•Order of the fringe

•Angular radius of the pth ring

•Formation of both real and virtual fringes

Page 10: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Fringe collapse/emergence

Page 11: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

1. Measurement of wavelength of light

)(md 0 2 0 md 2

nmmdd 02

2 cosd m

Page 12: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

2. Measurement of wavelength separation of a doublet

1112 qpd

112 12 nqnpd

1112 12 nndd

12

21

2 dd

Page 13: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Newton-Michelson rings

For details refer toSastry-Saraswat’s book

Page 14: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Michelson interferometer: R

Newton’s rings: d 0

Page 15: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

•Measurement of the coherence length of a spectral line

•Formation of straight white light fringes

•Measurement of thickness of thin transparent flakes

•Measurement of refractive index of gases

•Standardization meter

Page 16: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)
Page 17: INTERFEROMETER. Albert Abraham Michelson Michelson Interferometer (1852-1931)

Newton’s Ring Michelson Interferometer

Virtual fringe

Localized

Dark central ring (reflected)

Bright (transmitted)

order of the ringsincrease when one moves

away from the center

Fringes of equal thickness(Fizeau fringes)

Fringes of equal inclination(Haidinger’s fringes)

Virtual fringe*

Non-localized

Dark central ring (for

back silvered mirror)

order of the rings decrease when one movesoutwards from the center