Interaktivna Nastava u Praksi

8/13/2019 Interaktivna Nastava u Praksi

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Pana Ilepah nenaror-ncaxonorrMMHa3Mja ,,


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Palla Ilepllh: YlHTEPAKTYlBHA HACTABA Y IlPAKCYI

yuoeaaxa. MaJIo ce nocsehaaano apeueaa ynyhaaaa.y yseaaxa KaKO h HayqHTH,KaKO he KOpHCTHTH uayneno H KOMyHHI\HpaTH ra cy mrran.a H3MHI\aJIa.

lI TepaKT o yqelbeJeAaH OA OCHOBHHX rrpaBaI\a npossjena y canaunsoj HaCTaBH j 06YKa na

CTaBHHKa aa npavjeay HOBHX, HHTepaKTHBHHX MeTOAa yxea,a.I1HTepaKTHBHo y-rerse: PaAH ce 0 ysersy xao cOI\HjaJIHOM npouecy, 0 yqea.y xao HHTepaKI\HjH H3Mel y y-reaaxa H HaCTaBHHKa, ysenaxa Mel yc06Ho, y-rena

Ka H pOAHTeJha, .. OCHoBHa capxa HHTepaKTHBHHX MeTOAa jecre npenomea.e axnaje ca aa

CTaBHHKa na yxeaaxa 06yKa ysemrxa na 3ajeAHHqKH yse na 3ajeAHHqKH pane aaI\HJheBHMa yxen,a, na 06paAH canpscaja, npassjena naysenor H apenaosaisy nponeca. ITpHMjeHa MeTOAe HHTepaKTHBHor yxea.a pe3YJITHpa rrOBOJhHOM eMOI\HOHaJIHOM KJIHMOM y paspeny, BHIIIHM HHBOOM MOTHBaI\Hje, paaaajeaosr capamsovMel y y ~ l e \ M a H rrpey3HMalbeM onroaopaocrn OA crpane ysenaxa.

YqeHH I\H ce yxe ycarnamaaan.y CTaBOBa, sajenaasxoj aKI\HjH, TOJIepaHI\HjHH MOAepHoj KOMyHHKaI\HjH, casra xopacre Mep;Hje, assope saarsa, yr,r6eHHKe Yxe KOpHCTHTH caary apryaeaara a He apryaear caare.

HapaBHO, He MO KeMO ocnopara TpaAHI\HOHaJIHY nacrasy, aJIH j 6HTHOCXBaTHTH l beHe OrpaHHqeHe AOMeTe H npenouaaaaajy eppOHTaJIHOr 06JIHKa paAa.

AJIH, xao H y cnaxoj npyroj 06JIaCTH, TaKO H y HaCTaBH MopaMO rrparnra naYKY, HayqHy TeXHOJIOrHjy H CBe OHO IIITO npara naaaum.e npajeue.

3aMHCJIHMO AOKTopa KOjH 6H OCTao na caaaarsmia OA npaje 20, 30 H namerOAHHa. I1JIH, Y3MHMO npavjep ayroenexrpaxapa H lbHXOB naaannsa npacryn rroCJIy y OAHOCy na npaje 10 20 H same rOAHHa.

I1HTepaKTHBHa HaCTaBa, xao H CBe OCTaJIO nopen CBHX npenaocrn HMa CBO-je HeAOCTaTKe, xoje HaCTaBHHK Mopa H36jehH: CJIa6HjH yqeHHI\H nocrajy 3aBHCHHOA jaxax HeKH y ~ l e I \ csraa.yjy nepconanay onroaopnocr a HeKH He yrraacy aneKBaTaH Harrop.

OBH H J I ~ l rrp06JIeMH npeaasanase ce rrpaBHJIHHM Bol elbeM rpyrmor parta, ca HarrOMeHOM na CBe nasenene npofinene HMaMO H y TpaAHI\HOHaJIHoj HaCTaBH.

Hcrpascaaaa,e xo j j CrrpOBeJIO npHTaHCKO APYl liTBO sa ayp;HO-BH3yeJIHaacrpaacnaau,a j rrOKa3aJIO na xos j x nasrra:o 10 OHO I IITO qHTa,020 onor IIITO qyje,o 30 onor IIITO BHAH,o 50 OHO IIITO BHAH H xyje,080 OHO IIITO xaxce Ho 90 onor IIITO jenaonpeueno xaxe H pana Bophesah 1998).

I Ilp Henan Cysuh, HmuepaKiilu HO ynetee Ban.a Jlyxa 1999, CTp. 6.87


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I1EAArOlliKA CTBAPHOCT T 1-2 2005 , HOBl Call

Ha aaseneaor ce Blf;qlf: Bep6aJIHe penponyxrnnae HaCTaBe cy aa aajna:>KeM HlfBOY ecpaxacaocra. To anaxa na caxro aKTlfBHlfM panon ys eaaxa o6e36jel yjeMo erpaxacao yxen,e.

Tpynna 06JIHIJ,H panaIlonaseha on rrcaxonornje yspacra yxeaaxa, snajyha KOJIlfKO cy lfM Ba:>KHlf

CTaBOBlfBpIIIH>aKa, xao noxaansatse npen H>lfMa,pan y rpyrra HaM ce aaxrehe xaonocetiaa nenarourxa lf3a30B. 3a yseaaxe he HaCTaBHlf canpscaj pan na H>lfManocrara MHoro saaxajnaja axo je TO snaxajao sa H>lfXOBe BpIIIH>aKe.KaKO cjJopMlfpaTlf rpyrre yseanxa y onjersersy? KaKO CTBOPlfTlf orrrmranaepamre npernocrasxe OrrTlfMaJIHYcapamsy eMOD;lfOHaJIHY KJIlfMy?To cy rnrraisa na xoja HaCTaBHlfK Mapa nara onrosop na 6lf OCTBaplfOorrraMaJIHe rrpeTrrOCTaBKe aa nnrepax ranao ysen.e y IIIKOJIlf. TyKMaH UeHCOH HaJIa3e

ner rpaaa Kp03 xoje rrporrasa CBaKa rpyrra:1. J opMupalbe: anrepaxnaje cy rrOBpIIIHe, qJIaHOBlf ce Mel yco6HO ynosaajy,Tpa:>KehIICJIlfqHOCTlfna ce rrpII6JIII:>Ke.2. I pscsanana: ycarnanrasan,e. e nanecy jacao ga naacrsaaoCaCJIyIIIajy OCTaJIe

3. Hopsmparser xan paspajenre KOHcjJJIIIKTe II pasaajajy CMIIcao aa IICTIIHY,OHII cy 3peJIII ua D;IIjeHe npyror. Carta cxsarajy rpyrrHe nnn.eae.4. Ocrnapanarset BlfCOKa je rrponyxranaocr, qJIaHOBlf ce rpoxycapajy na CBO-

je rpyrme ;qy:>KHOCTlf5. 3aBprnaBalbe: saxn.ynaaan,e a xoxmnerapaa-y rpyrmax aanaraxa, a go6lfTlf yqeHlfKa rrplf pagy na axaneacxosr rrocrarnyhy sajenna-rxoxr yse-n.y.

.D:a 6lf ageKBaTHO cjJopMlfpao rpyrre, HaCTaBHlfK Tpe6a lfMaTlf y sany crse-nehe npernocraaxe:1. Koacraryacarn rpyrry2. AHaJIII3lfpaTlf omroce rpyrre nan-a paga - MO:>Ke y rpyrrlf;3. PlfjeIIIIITlf naraa.e aobcrna opraaasaauaja rpyrre4. Ocrsapara nanaxraxrce npernocrasxe sa pan y rpyna5. Ilpanpeuarn npararn aarepaxuaje y rpynaxra6. BaJIOplf30BaTlf sajenao ca yqeHlfD;lfMa, aKTlfBHOCTy rpyrrlf nocrnryha.??

2 Ap Henan CY3I1h Hall. IWJlO CTp. 12;88


4/24

Palla Ilcpah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y TIPAKCI1

OCHO HU KpuTepujyMU1.Xereporeue:

pasnaxa y nperxonmoa nocrarnyhauayjenaa-renocr Me ;Jy rpynaua (y 3aBliCHOCTli :1 06JIliKa pana)2. Xosrorene:UIKOJICKa TaKMWleIha lIJIli

3 a : \ a ~ I paarraxarax nnaoa CJIO KeHOCTlixoenyxanaja rro HliBOliMa aajrexa :IlIO rpanaaa pana 1. rpyrra,3aTliM ona nonpynaaajy 2. rpyrry, nony-rasajy lIX na casnanajylICTO rpanano 1Iporamrja ane penosr.)

3. d hoc- 6P30 epopMlIpaIhe, na ce He ry61I spajene na yjenaa-rasaa.y, aKOnaje aaaxajao sa nan.a pan 1Iycrrnjex ysenaxa. Ee3 0631Ipa na Ha i liH rpopsrapan.a rpyrre, ~ l I J h je nocraha MaKCliMaJIHYKoxe31I0HOCT (capanrsy) y O :lHOCy na narn sanarax.

II TepaKIJ jay rpynuIIO):l rrojMoM nenaronrxe K O M Y H l I K a ~ l I j e nonpaaysorjeaa ce rrpeaonreise, caorrurraaan.e, 1I3JIaraIhe, rrplIMaIhe, je :lHOM pnje-rjy paaajene nopyxa xao 1I ycrrocraan.an,e onnoca, cnopaaysrajeaaa,e, cpencrna 1I HalJlIH onxohen.a Me ;Jy y-rena

~ l I M a y nponecy yxea,a 1Inoysaaan.a.:HaUIa T p a : l l I ~ l I O H a J I H a HaCTaBa je 61IJIa npeonrepeheaa jenaocvjepaoa KOM Y H l I K a ~ l I j o M y KOjOjje HaCTaBHlIK npeaocao rpanaso a Y leHlIK noaanrsao.,JJ:BocMjepHa lIJIli rrOJIliBaJIeHTHa nenaronrxa K O M Y H l I K a ~ l I j a Tpa)KlI HOBeynore HaCTaBUlIKa, HOBe nporpecaoaanae xoxmereauaje re HOBe xrerone y xojavahe Y l J e H l I ~ l I 61ITli aKTlIBHlI Y I e C H l I ~ l I HaCTaBe neh y TOKy otipane rpanana, rnje heYlJlITlIlIHTepaKTlIBHo 1Ixooneparasao.?Hnrepaxrraja y rpyrrlI je npenycnos aa paaaajan.e lIHTeprrepCOHaJIHlIX KBa-narera JIlI lHOCTli. aerpaxacny arrrepaxuajy Hy KHO je:

ocnocooarn lIX aa ):IeMOKpaTlIjycaaxa Y leHlIK na 6y):lenoha 1IBo ;JeH1I36jeraBaTli nyrorpajno aanpacasaa.e ynore sohe jenaor YlJeHlIKanpartrra conajanae anrepaxtmjenpararn norroacaj mrrpoaeprapaaax 1I yseaaxa KOjlI lIMajy npo-6JIeMey couajanaoj K O M Y H l I K a ~ l I j l IHaYlJlITli ynenaxe c a M O p l T l ~ l 1I K P l I T l I ~ l IrrOXBaJIe 1Inoncrauarsa sa HeCTa61IJIHe ana rrcaxorpayaarasoaaaecyatinjarn nesnpany xoaxypemtajy,

3 Flporh, lIPHenan Cy Hh .J Icnaromxa KOMyHHKaIIHja: HOBH nojaxry nenarorujn , leaaiotuxaciiutapnociii HOBH Call 2003.4l1cTo.

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r ranxroutxx CTBAPHOcr LI, 1-2(2005),HOBH CanOne rpyne Mory 6HTH nonpesreae H TpajHe (CY3Hh, I1HTepaKTHBHa HaCTa-

na CTp. 21 . Haaenena opMHpaIha H xapaxrepacruxe rpyne omroce ce caxro na rpynexoje ce rpopssapajy y CBpXy peaJIH30BaIha lIlKOJICKOr HaCTaBHor nnaaa Hnporpaxra.

I IHTep3KTHBH3 H3CT3B3 P33J1H IHTHX HHB 3 CJlO J{eHOCTH II PlOjo OO O oapeheu U iieqaiouuco iicuxonouuce ocnoee uaciiiaee Pa je jenan O ~ Hajn03HaTHjHx 06JIHKa H H ~ H B H ~ y a J I H a Q H j e HaCTaBe.HaCTaBa pa3JIHqHTHX HHBoa CJIO)J eHOCTH je TeopHjcKH 3aCHOBaH, CHCTe-

MaTCKH opraHH30BaH, cHMyJITaH, ~ H c p e H Q H p a H H BacnHTHo-o6pa30BHH p a ~ naCTaBHHKa H ysenaxa pa3JIHqHTHX HHBoaH crpyxrypa saan,a, HHTeJIeKTyaJIHOr pasnoja, cnoco6HOCTHyxea a p a ~ H H X HaBHKa, rexma pana, MOTHBaQHje aa yxerse H~ p y r e rpaxrope. PeJICBaHTHH sa OnTHMaJIHy yayrpaunsy ~ H e p e H Q H j a Q H j y POHTaJIHe HaCTaBe. S

I I e ~ a r O l I l K o n C H X O J I O l I l K e OCHOBe onor M O ~ e J I a HaCTaBHorpana cy:1. Y nnaaaparsy npanpexrarsy H opraHH30BaIhY HaCTaBe H e o n X O ~ H O jeYBa)J aBaTH pa3JIHKeH3Meljy yqeHHKa HHBOH H crpyxrype snaa.a, HHTeJIHreHQHja,MOTHBaQHja, pasaajeaocr HaBHKa H TCXHHKa ynen,a, crnapaJIa IKHM cnocooaocraaa .2. a 6 e 6 H j e ~ H T H H H ~ H B H ~ y a J I H a Q H j y y-ren.a (He caMO y O ~ H O C Y na rrpenanarse H TeMno pana Hero H C063HpOMaa cnoco6HOCTHysenaxa ,3. Canpzcaj Bjc)J(6Hna pa3JIHqHTHM HHBOHMa TC)J HHe H yrryrcrasa HaCTaB-HHKa aa opraaasoaaa e y-rersa, o 6 c 6 H j e ~ H T H ocraapasaa e QHJbCBa Hsanaraxa HaCTaBC.4. IIoBpaTHa aarpopsranaja 0 noaanrarsy H nanpenoaan-y y-renaxa y npoQecy pana je 6HTaH eJIeMeHT H sa HaCTaBHHKa H aa yqCHHKa.5. Hacrasa ce Mopa 3aCHHBaTH na pa3HOBpCHOCTH caryannje pa3HOJIHKO-CTH rroncrnuaja H npoueca.6. Y HPC rpetia KOpHCTHTH ~ H j e MoryhHocTH YTHQajana nponec yxen,a:

a) cTpyKTypOM sanaraxa nporpasorpara canpzcaj yxea a H6) canpacajesr Bje)J 6H nporpasraparn nponec yqCIha.

Hexe tJ.HtJ.3KTH IKe c I I e ~ H l f l H I H O C T H H3CT3Be - PHaCTaBa PHC canpaor crsenehe, peJIaTHBHO caMOCTaJIHe H Meljyco6Ho noBe3aHC erane:

H ~ e H T H H K a Q H j a HHBoaH crpyxrypa arran-anpanpexran,e Bje)J 6H

-I npO P MHJlC I1J1Hh, Haciiiaea pasnuuuuiux Hl16 a cnosceuociiiu Y IHTCJbCKH aKyJ lTCT , Beorpan1997, CTp. 17.

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Palla Ilepah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1

asaohea,e HaCTaBeapennoaarse HaCTaBHorpanaY HaCTaBII PHC IIHTeH3lIBHlIje je HaCTaBHIIKOBO aaraacoaaa,e y npanpeua

lhy HaCTaBe Hero y lheHOM1I3Bol)elhY.TOK -raca AlIcjJepeHU;lIpaHor Bje)l 6alha AIIHaMlIqHlIjlI je OA HaCTaBHor rrponeca y yooaxajeaoj HaCTaBII. TaKBo Bje)l 6alhe MO)l e nonexan no-rern II 6e3 ynonnor AlIjena -raca. HeKaA he oner, 6lITlI Hy)l Ha sajenaaxxa otipana KJhyqHIIX canp)l aja npnje TeKCTOBa casrocranaor pana y-renaxa. Y:ac ce MO)l e 3aBpIIIlITlI caxceTIIM paarosopoxr 0 Bje)l 6alhy, npeeohea.eu aa HapeAHII IInlI nperxonna crenenCnO)l eHOCTII Bje)l 6alha aHanlI30M ner MIIHyTHor TeCTa, sa nanan a AOMahlIX sanaraxa II en. AP M. HnnhOpr-anaaoaan.exr HaCTaBe PHC MlIjelha ce nosauaja yxeaaxa y HaCTaBII. Te)l ehlI na ce IIcTaKHy, rr060JhIIIajy cnaxy 0 ce61I, yqeHIIU;II, najseurhe najy MaKCIIMyM OA ce6e. a p O ~ l T O ce TpYAe cna6lIjlI yqeHIIU;II.

HaCTaBHIIK je opraaasarop caaooopaaoaaor yqeHIIKOBor paAa, BOAIITeJhHaCTaBHOr nponeca aacmrras KOjlI ycajepasa II nonpacaaa ynenaxe, AlIjarHOCTII


7/24

ITEAAfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 200S , O II Call

KopaK Ilpanpessue aKTH IlOCTHna OCHOBy IlIKOJICKHX O I ~ e H a , onpemrra HHBO CJIO KeHOCTH sje)K6e sa csaxor y IeHHKa A-E-B : sj, A nosnasaa,e OCHOBHHXnporpaucxax canpscaja) panahe He :lOBOJhHH H :IOBOJhHH yxeaana;aj: E paaysrajenaa,e Hcxnaraa.e q H l h e H H ~ a ) panahe Y I e H H ~ H :10-6por H BpJIO ):I06po ycrrjexa H sj : B ysen,e OTKpHheM, Y3 crsapaJIaqKY npasrjeay saan,a) pannhe Y l e H H ~ H O :lJIH lHOr ycrrjexa H3rrCHXOJIOrHje;opMyJIHCalhe mrraa.a H sanaraxa aa CBaKH HHBO Bje)K6alha;CXO :lHO npanannocra onpeheaoi HHBOy Bje)K6alha opMHpaHoMy Y I H O H H ~ H TpH pena xnyna rnje he cjemrra rraposa ysenaxa.

2 xopaic 3 a j e ~ J l H q K e Y o ~ l e aacranae aKTH JlOCTH- najaaa ~ H J h a H HaqHHa pa):la- nonjena onroaapajyher rana Bje)K6H A-E-B , a canpacaj je cn.eaehn:

I Bje)KOa AIIPBH HHBO CJIO KeHOCTH sanaraxa:1. Koje 6HTHe MOMeHTe yxrsy-ryje rrojaxr esromrje?2. Haaemrre OCHOBHe opraacxe nposrjeae rrpH jaan.arsy e M o ~ H j a .3. Koje cy KapaKTepHCTHKe nje-mjax esr onaja H aasenare penocnnjen ja

nn.aa.a esrouaja KO :l njene,4. Hasenare npavjep rrCHXOCOMaTCKHX ooon.ea,a H 06jacHHTe 3allITO aacrajy.5. OBjacHHTe Ba KHOCT e M O ~ H O H a J I H e aese MajKa-):IHjeTe.Onronopa:1. E M o ~ H j e y BeJIHKoj MepH yra-ry na Hallie noaanraa.e H na CBe IlITO ca-

aaajesro 0 CrrOJhlheM cnery.Ilpencrann.ajy cy6jeKTHBHH :IO KHBJhaj CTBapH, JhY :lH, norabaja HBJIaCTHTOr noaaman,a,Y e M O ~ H O H a J I H O M pearosaa.y y-recrsyje ~ e J I O Hallie TeJIO KaKOcaCBOjHM cnorsa BH :IJhHBHM peasnajava noxper TeJIa, H3pa3 J I H ~ a.. . ) TaKO H ca CBOjHM yayrpama.asr opraHCKHM rrpoveaaua.Yxynaocr THX yayrpaunsax H CrrOJhHHX nposrena H CBeCHHX :10-)KHBJhajaHa3HBaMO e M o ~ H j a M a .2. Tlposreae y KpBOTOKy pan cpna H pany opraaa aa n nc aa, e 6poj OTKyuaja rrynca, KpBHHnparacax, pHTaM nacaa,a ,Hanperayrocr MHIlIHha, nyserse nrsyaasxe, KOJIHqHHa urehepa yKpBH, BeJIHqHHa OQHe e H H ~ e HT :I.3. 3a pa3JIHKY :1 OCTaJIHX oco6a xoje xapaxrepanre KOHTpOJIa nan eMO-

~ H O H a J I H H M peaxuajaxra, : I e ~ a MJIal)er Y3paCTa aajaehav :IeJIOM H xpajn.e orsopeao, crrOHTaHO H 6e3 KOHTpOJIe aspazcaaajy csoje e M o ~ H j e BeOMa CHa KHO, aJIH 6P30 jersasajy .

92


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Pana ITepllh:MHTEPAKTMBHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCM

Y TOKy rrpsa nna-rpn srecena )KlfBOTanerera Moryhe je pa3JIlfKOsa rn naa OCHOBHa eMOQlfOHaJIHa craisa: ocehaa.e lfJIlf exronajy3a;n:OBOJbCTBa ocehan.e He3a;n:OBOJbCTBa.l I3 OBlfXOCHOBHlfX xacnaje ce ;n:lfepepeHQlfpajy npyre esrouaje:lf3Me9Y rpeher rreror MeCeQa nannaja ce raes rahea.e

OKO urecror MeCeQa ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa rrOHOCa C060MOKO cemaor MeCeQa ocehan,e crpaxa ocehan,e Jby6aBlf npexraonpacnnxraOKO rreraaecror MeCeQa Jby60MOpa.

Kon nexe neue OBe exrouaje ce xrory jaanra panaje, ana ceyrJIaBHOMsanpacaaa ncra penocrren,4. 060JbeIha xoja cy asasaaaa rrClfXWIKlfM ysponaua xao llITO cy nyro

rpajne nenpajarne eMoQlfje qeCTO 6plfre crpaxona) naaasajy cerrClfXOCOMaTCKlfM 060JbeIhlfMa (ncaxa - ;n:YllIa COMa - TeJIO), Hrrp. qlfPna KeJIy;n:QY.5. Iloxerax crsapaa,a eMOQlfOHaJIHe aese Kp03 nnax csrex nerera onpacnn caMlf nozcnan.aaajy ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa Ka;n: anne na je nere3a;n:OBOJbHO cperao. Ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa je ry 060cTpaH aa raj na~ ce y-rspurhyje eMOQlfOHaJIHa aesa.

Ilpyra HlfBO CJIO KeHOCTlf sanaraxa:1. Koje cy OCHOBHe pa3JIlfKe arpexara pacnonoacen.a?2. Hasenare npasrjep ysea,a exsonaja.3. Onanrare na-ran na xoja njenyje ClfMrraTlfqKlf rrapacasmarasxa nep

saa ClfCTeM.4. qlfMe ce onmrxyje eMOQlfOHaJIHOCT y anoaecneanaja.5. Onannrre Ilesac-Jlaarepoay reopnjy eMoQlfja xao xpara-rxe rrplfMje;n:6e ynyhene na p a ~ Y re reopaje,

Onroaopa:1. Arpexrn - narrro ce jaarsajy lfMajy fiypan TOKsann.aae TeJIeCHe npoxrene, CBe)KIhe CBeCTlf - KoMaH;n:yjy qOBeKOBlfM nocryrmaua. PacnoJIO)KeIhe - MaIhe aareaaasaa craa,a on arpexara, ;n:y Ke rpajy, ,,60jeyxynao CBeCHO nenoaarse.2. Ilcaxonor BOTCOH Pajaeposa 1920. ronane y CBOjOj IIClfXOJIOllIKOj JIafioparopnja nessoacrpapana KaKOce yxe crpaxosn npmrep KaKOje MaJIlf AJI6epT nay-tao na ce 60jlf MlfllIa).3. ClfMIIaTlfqKlf nepnan ClfCTeM Ilapacmmarasxa HepBHlf ClfCTeMcranynmne yopaasa pan cuapyje ycnopana pan opranaopraaa) - cy)KaBa 3eHlfQe- llIlfplf 3eHlfQe - noaehaaa JIyqeIhe r r J b Y a ~ K e- cMaIhyje JIyqeIhe rrJbYBaqKlf - ycrropaBa ;n:lfcaIhe- ytipaana pa;n: cPQa - CTlfMYJIlfllIe npofiasy- KOqlf IIp06aBy - cy)KaBa KpBHe cy;n:oBe

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IlEJJ:ArOIliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 200S , HO l Call

-uuapa KpBHe CYAOBe - cMalbyje ny-ren,e aApeHaJIHHa- nosehaaa JIyqelbe aApeHaJIHHa- BJIa KHKO Ky4. - AAOJIecQeHT naeroja na KOHTpOJIHIlie janrsan,e esrouaja, noceonoOHHX xoje yrpoacasajy a.erosy npencrasy 0 ceria.- IIpoMeHJhHB pHTaM eMOQHOHaJIHOr KHBOTa.- OAHOC npesra conCTBeHOM cOQHjaJIHOM crarycy je H3pa3HTO aM6HBa-

JIeHTaH: na H3rJIeA npaxaara craryc nerera y xojesr ra cpenaua jourAP KH a CBOjIIM ocehaa.aaa nperennyje na craryc MJIaAHha IIJIII nesojxe.- Ocehan.a ce spre OKO npeacmrraaaa,a conCTBeHIIX nOTeHQIIjaJIa IIoc06HHa passranrn.aa,a 0 cnorsarmsen II3rJIeAY nOJIHoj aAeKBaTHOCTII cTaTycy y llKOJIII, npaxaahenocrn, aenpnxaahenocra, HaKJIOHO-CTH II HeHaKJIOHOCTH HaKJIOHOCT - eMOQIIOHaJIHO pearosaa.e na IICTecanpscaje .- Ilorrryno pa3JIIIqIITe BpeAHocTII pahajy HCKJhyqIIBOCT HeHaKJIOHOCT,HenpIIjBaTeJhCTBo...5. UeMc - Jlaareosa reopaja

onaacarse TeJIeCHa JJ:O KHBJhajcIITyaQIIje peaxnaja essonajeIIpHMeA6a:TeJIeCHe npoveae He srory ysex 6IITII OApa3 eMOQIIOHaJIHOrcran.a.

III Bje K6a BTpeha HIIBO CJIO KeHOCTII sanaraxa:1. KOjII je CMIIcao qm3IIOJIOllKIIX II APyrIIX TjeJIeCHIIX npovjena y eMOQII-jaxra?2. Koje cy TpII cPa3epearonan.a na crpec?3. 06jacHIITe ynory aMIIrAaJIe II MO KAaHeMace y AO KHBJhaBajy esrouaja.4. 06pa3JIO KHTe KorHHTHBHO cxaaraa.e eMoQHja H nOBe KIITe ca pe3YJITa

THMa Illaxreposor acrpazcasaa,a.5. 06jacHHTe sanrro cy eMoQHje snasajae sa MeHTaJIHOsnpann.e.OArOBopH:1. CBe TjeJIeCHe H cPH3HOJIOiliKe nponjeae HMajy 6HOJIOiliKH CMHcao jepnpencraan.ajy npanpesry opranaaua sa sehe nanope H onfipaay OA

eBeHTyaJIHHX onaCHOCTH H 60p6y aa KHBOT.2. - I IpBa rpasa - anapxr ynosopea,eCIIMnaTHqKH HepBHH CHCTeM H KJIe3Ae ca yayrpaunsna JIyqelbeM noxpehy oA6paM6eHe cnare opraaassra KaKO 6H ce na npajeve cynporcraBHOonaCHOCTH OAcPH3wIKor HJIHnCHXHqKOr crpeca,- Ilyra rpasa - OTllOP

94


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Pana Ilepah: MHTEP KTM H HACTABA Y IlPAKCM

AKO CTpeCOBH norpajy ~ Y K e H THjeJIO ce aenpexanno onnpe - O H ~ a opraHH3aM nnaha ~ H j e H Y aa TO - HMa CBe Malhe caare H He MO Ke na ceonynpe nyrorpajams CTpeCOBHMa.- Tpeha rpasa - H C ~ p r r J h e H O C TIIOIlITO THjeJIO aa onpxcaaaa.e TPOIlIH BeJIHKy KOJIWIHHy errepraje, xojyHe MO Ke 6P30 H a ~ o K H a ~ H T H , OHO He MO Ke na O ~ P K H TaKO BHCOK HHBOcsoje aKTHBHOCTH aa ~ Y K e npajeue, rra rrocreneno nonan.e na noxasyje3HaKOBe CBe nehe H C ~ p r r J h e H O c T H .3. lpexo xnnoranaxryca H a M H r ~ a J I e H ~ y HepBHH HMrryJICH H3 peuenropa Hyayrpaunsax opraaa xa KOpH M03ra, a H3 Kope M03ra rrOBpaTHO y yHyrpannse oprane, IHMe ce ocrsapyje KOHTpOJIa nan pa3JIWIHTHM


11/24

TIEAArOll IKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 200S), HOIlM Can

xopaic a B p m H esajenmrsxe aKTHBIlOCTHg) npesearanaja pesynrara rrpen onjersea.esr,ry) OCBpT na TOKBje)K6aIba.e) onpebaaaa e HHBoanapenaor Bje)K6aIba aa cnaxor yqeHHKa H TaHgeMa).

HHTepaKTHBHO Y lelbe y npotinejacxo] HaCTaBHMHTepaKTHBHOyqeIbe je jenaa on 06JIHKa CTHQaIba snaa,a H pasnajan,a crro

C06HOCTH y npofinesrcxoj HaCTaBH.IICHXOJIOIliKO onpeheno pjeuraaaa,e npofinena nouohy MHIlIJbeIba, ysen.a H

crsapananrraa 6HTHa cy aa carrrenasan.e cyurraae rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe H HHTepaKTHBHor ynetsa.

IIopeg rrCHXOJIOIlIKHX nocroje H nenarounco-nanaxra-rxa TepMHHOJIOIliKa Hrrojsronna onpehen,a. Y rrenaromxoj JIHTepaTypH KOpHCTH ce nojasr ,rrp06JIeMCKaaacrasa xao cneuarpaxan HaCTaBHH CHCTeM HJIH HaCTaBHH MeTog. Y nojaosnauogperyeIbHMa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe yxasyje ce na rrOBe3aHOCT yxea,a nyrexr pjeuranatsa nporinena ca pasnajaa.esr MHIlIJbeIba H ycsajaa en 3HaIba.,,6

IIpo6JIeMcKa HaCTaBa HJIH pjemanan.e npooneua je:x) HajBHIlIH 06JIHQH ysea,a, MHIlIJbeIba H CTBapaJIaIliTBa.H) Ilocrojaa e renrxohe (npornapje-mocra H3Meryy rrosaaror H nerrosna

TOr) xoja ce pjemana.j) Csjecaa caMOCTaJIHa H ycnjepeaa aKTHBHOCT na yBHryaIby onnoca H3Meryynaror H sanaror

K) CTHQaIbeM arran-a, crnapaa.exr HOBHX reaepanasanaja, rrpHMjeHJbHBHX yHOBHM ctrryanajaaa.aBO cy 6HTHe onpenanne KOg carnenanarsa MoryhHocTH H nosrera HHTepaKTHBHor y-ren,a.

Ilenaromxc O HO e npefinemcxe HaCTaBeM3 seher 6poja pa3JIHqHTHX CXBaTaIba nenarourxax OCHOBa rrp06JIeMCKe na

CTaBe asnaajajy ce MHora xoja yxasyjy aa MoryhHocTH HHTepaKTHBHor y-ren,a,Ilp AHTe Byxacosah yxasyje na CBy CJIO)KeHOCT aKTHBHOCTH ysrenaxa ypeuraaaisy npofinexra H aarnanrasa norpeoy nocryrmor yaohen,a ysenaxa onHH)KHX xa BHIlIHM 06JIHQHMa caMOCTaJIHOCTH) y rrpoQecy peuraaaa.a npoonenaJOBaH Bopheaah, xao H np P. Ksaursen, CMaTpa na ce pjeuraaaa en rrpooneaaMory pa3BHjaTH H craapanasxe cnocooaocrn yseaaxa.

;UHgaKTHqKO-MeTogHqKe eJIeMeHTe np06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe paspahaaao je npP. HWIKOBHh H rronynao cnenehe erane:nocrasn an e npoonesraaanaxcen,e npamnma peurea.anexossnonan,e npofinessa

6 Ilp Ilparo Bpauxonnh, I1HTcpaKBMHo y ICH,C y np06J1CMcKoj HCTaIlM , y: tuiiepatciuueno yueueBan.a Jlyxa 1999.96


12/24

Palla Ilepnh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACfABA Y flPAKCI1

nponec peuraaarsa npofinesraKOHCTaTaU;Iije, HaJIa3Ii, aaxn-ysuanposeparse saxn.yxaxa y HOBIiM caryanajaaaIlp HIiqKOBIih, raxobe aera-te:CBe HaCTaBHe jenanane HIiCY noronne aa rrp06JIeMaTIi30Balherrp06JIeM rperia rrOCTaBIiTIi aa rrO leTKY xacaHOBli rrp06JIeM Tpe6a 6ap ,n:jeJIIiMIiqHO na ce aacaasa na IiCKyCTByyqeHIiU;Ii Tpe6a na orxpajy cyurrancxe aese Ii O n:HOCeBeOMa je anasajno npyscara MoryhHocT CBaKOM yxeaaxy naIi3JIO)I{Ii csoje xanorese Ii npennore aa pemasarse npotinesra.

MHTepaKTHBHO yqelbe np JIeMCKa HaCTaBa

IIpo6JIeMcKy HaCTaBy nopen lheHe yooasajeae crpyxrype Moryhe Ii3BO,n:IiTIiIi aa OCHOBHIiM np nt n KOOrrepaTIiBHOr Ii IiHTepaKTIiBHOr ysen,a.Pan na peurasaa.y npotineua y nponecy ysen,a MO)I{e 6liTIi canpacaacxa,aJIIi Ii npouecyamm, noronaa nenarourxa arsiocrpepa sa ynoaaanaa,e xooneparanHIiX crrOC06HOCTIi y-renaxa, aJIIi Ii sa aacnarao nenosan,e na lheHOM noncrauarsy Iip s j l y.IIeT OCHOBHIiX aasoa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe:- rrp06JIeMCKO Ii3JIaralhe HaCTaBHIiKa- rrp06JIeMCKIi najanor HaCTaBHIiKa Ii yseanxa- caMOCTaJIHO pernaBalhe npotineua- caMOCTaJIHO rrocranrsaa,e Ii peuraaaa.e rrpotinexra- caMOCTaJIHO xoncrpyncan,e, nocraarsas,e Ii penrasan.e npooneaa

.Kon Ii360pa aasoa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe rpefia CBaKaKO YBa)I{liTIi OCHOBHIiU;IiJb ynersa sacnarao-oopaaoaaa sanarax), npnpony rrp06JIeMCKIiX canpzcaja KO-ja ce y le, crenea yqeHWIKOr nosnaaaa-a nocrynaxa sa pemaaarse npotineua, TeTe)I{IiHY rrp06JIeMCKe caryannje. ?IIHTepaKTIiBHo ynen,e y npoonexrcxoj HaCTaBIi najerpaxacaaje je y rpynasra.U EpaHKOBIih xaxce: Je,n:IiHO ce y rpyna ocrsapyje nornynaja Meljy3aBIicHOCT rseHIiX IJIaHOBa. Ta Meljy3aBIicHOCT ca nenaronrxor acnercra acnorsasa ce Kp03 nonjeny pana, ycxrepetrocra xa U;IiJbY (pjernasassy npooneua), Te Kp03 ocraapanaa erpyrmor sobcrna. IIoce6HO je 6IiTHO na ce nojenamnr y rpyna Meljyco6HO oxpa6pyjy, noncrnny na aKTIiBHOCT Ii nosaaacy jemra npyraaa y CBIiM rpasava pjenrasalha npofinesra n y-rea,a.

Ilopen TeopIijcKIiX casaaa,a enyxaraaae panaomme cy npaajepen BIi n:ocrrocotin.anan.a HaCTaBHIiKa.

7 I1CTO.

97


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IlEAArOIllKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 2005 , HOlmCall

I I H T e p 3 K T H B H o y q e l b e y nporinesrcao] H3CT3BU I1peAMeT: EHOJIOrHja, rpeha paspen, rHMHa3Hja Hacranaa jeAuHuqa: Paassjeaa racosa U:UJh paAuoHuqe: CXBaTHTH MexaHH3aMH ana-raj rrpasanrre passsjeae raco-

aa KOA J HBHX 6Hha, paayxrajenan,e ornurnx 3aKOHHTOCTH KOjH ananajy yJ HBOj rrpHpoAH, crauan.e cnocoonocra MHcaOHor yormrranarsa, caanan.ay 06JIHKy nojaosa, pasaoj MHcaOHHX H napaacajaax crroCo6HOCTH, pasaojcnocotiaocra aa CaMOHHHI\HjaTHBHo H caMOCTaJIHO acrpaacasan,e, rrpHxBaraa,e Aa je 3allITHTa J HBOTHe cpenaae npaoparerna 3aAaTaK, ocrroco6JhaBalhe aa caxroofipaaoaaa,e Marepnjan yI,I6eHHK,CJIHKe, C K H ~ e xpexna BOAa Ornem AOKa3HBlhe C O2y H3AaxHyToMBa3AYXY

opauu ua wacy1. xopaic yson:- eppoHTaJIHH paA - rrpaBHJIHa passrjerra raCOBa,CJIHqHOCTH, pa3JIHKe.. .2. KopaK:- epopMHpalhe rpyrra aa caMOCTaJIHH pan xereporene), rrpocropnn paassjenrraj Hynyrcrsa sa pan, acnacnsaa e rrocrynaxa aa pajeuraaaa,e nporineua.3. KopaK:- caMOCTaJIaH paA rpyrra ocau rpyrra - rro ABHje rpyrre pane HCTe nporinexre)

loqjena nuciiiuhaca iipo leMUMa1. rpyna: npOOJIeM - Tunoaa MexallU3aMa sa pasujeay raconaIlnraa a1. HHTeryMeHT2. Ilpmman paasmjeae racoaa y mxpraua3. IlpeAycJIOB aa erpaxacny paasrjeay racona y mxpraxra4. IIIKpre pnfia npnnanajy rany?5. I > Y H K ~ H o H H c a l h e TpaXeaJIHOrCHCTeMa nacexara6. TKHBOnnyha je cyahepacro. 3allITo?OArOBOpu na mrraisa:1. HHTeryMeHT TjeJIeCHH noxpasas) HMa ynory pasxrjene racona KOA 6eCKHqMelhaKa, aJIH H HeKHXnpyrux J HBOTHlha y Malhoj MjepH. Onaj HaqHH paavjeae raco-aa Ha3HBace KO J HO HJIH AHepy3HO nacaa.e, KO J HO nncaa,e HMajy cynhepa, nynn,apa, nrsocaare H o6JIe rJIHCTe, HeKH CHTHH pa-raha, xpnersn HTA.KO J a OBHX J HBO-THlha je ca TaHKOM KyTHKyJIOM H cnorsa ysajex BJIa J Ha, qHMe cy OJIaKllIaHHAHepy-3HH nponeca.2. IIIKpre cy opraaa aa npasraa,e KHceOHHKa pacreopeaor y BOAH. BOAa xoja YJIa3Hna YCTa, nocanjesa y J APHjeJIO, nponape Y urxpacae xece H 06JIHBa urxpre cHa6njeaeae fiora roxr Mpe J oM KpBHHX xananapa, T y ce spnra pasxrjeaa racoea na

98


14/24

Palla ITep h I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1

rrpIIHlJ;IUIY ,[IIICpy3IIje ycnen pa3JIIIKe y r r a p ~ I I j a J I H O M rrpIITIIcKy KIIceOHIIKa II yrrsea,[IIIOKCII,[Ia II3Mel)y OKOJIHe sone II KpBII Y KarrIIJIapIIMa urxpra3. Ilpenycrros aa erpnxacay passrjeay racosa y nrxprasra je rrpanuan ynehaaerrOBpIIIIIHe, IIIMe je osroryhen 60JhII KOHTaKT cnorsanra.e II yayrpannse Cpe,[lIIHe.4. IIIKpre pII6a npnnanajy mxpraua xopnara, HaCTaJIe y TOKy e O J I Y ~ I I j e ynopenoca paanojexr CIICTeMa sa ~ I I p K Y J I a ~ I I j y H>IIX ca raa.anajy MHOlliTBO IllKP)KHIIX MIInmha 06JIO)KeHIIX IIHOM CJIY30KO KOM, rrpO KeTOM rycroxr Mpe KOM xarranapa.5. Tpaxeje cy opraaa aa nacan.e KorrHeHIIX arnasxapa IIHceKaTa, CTOHora, nayxo-na rrporpaxeara . To je CIICTeM jaxo pasrpanarax njeaxana xoje rrpoaonaajy TIIjpeno. Kp03 ornope na 6oKoBllMa cTIIrMe), opraHII3MII npiorajy xnceonnx II3 arMocepe KOjII ce Kp03 CllCTeM ~ I I j e q I I ~ a rpaxeja npeaocn Kp03 rajeno, ,[10K ceCO2 nany ryje npexo TjeJIeCHe rrospuraae na srnoriosaaa II llCTalbeHllM nnjenoaa-Ma xyrnxyne.6. IIJIyha CYB03eMHllX KWIMelbaKa cy XOMOJIOrHll oprana pll6JheM Mjexypy nsonaxanaua, xpocorrrepnnaja II nexax npyrnx patia, llMajy cynbepacr asrnen 360r MHO-IIITBa CIITHllX unjen-rana 6pOHXllOJIa, xoje ce saapmaaajy nrryham MjexypllhllMa- aJIBeOJIaMa, qllMe ce jaxo ynehasa pecnaparopna noapunnra KO,[l xoajexa 100 M2nenecer nyra npenasa rrospuraay rnjena .

360r Iera je Ba KHO na CJIY30KO Ka HOCHe nynn,e 6y,[le BJIa KHa II TOrrJIa?OCllM ynore y ,[IllCalbY xojy jour yrrory llMa CJIY30KO Ka HOCHe nynn.e?)K,[IplljeJIO je pacxpcmma xojax nyresa?Koja je ynora rpneaor noxnonua?KaKaB ananaj IIMajy xpCKaBIIqaBII nonynpcreaoaa y 3II,[IOBIIMa ,[IyIIIHIIKa?Koja je ynora rpenn.acrnx henaja y CJIY30KO Kll xoja o6JIa)Ke yayrpaum e cTpaHe nynnnnca II nyuma-rxax najesa?6.

rpyna: po J eM - l HcajuH uyTeBHIlnran,a:1.2.3.4.5.

99


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TIEAArOIIIKA CTBAPHOCT LI, 1-2 2005), HOBl Call

OpnUfIl aa pa3M


16/24

Pana Ilepah: llHTEPAKTllBHA HACT ABA Y IlPAKCll rpyna lpo J eM IJ;ucajHu noxpera

Ilaraa a:1 06jacHH MexaHH3Me nacajnax noxpera?2 IIlTa je norpetino na 6H nOKpeTHnacaa,a 6HJIH jasa H nncan,e ~ y J b e3 KaKO MO J{eMO H3MjepHTH BHTaJIHH KanaQHTeT IIJIyha?4 xera 3aBHCH HHTeH3HTeT nacan,a?

IIIcat bePluca se punevazduhom

UDISAJPluca sel Ullevazduhem ._

IZmSAJ Medurebarm migi6' O ' - . _ ~ . l . E ~ ~ : l _ . _ . ,

.._ . _ ~ _ . _ . _ . _ .............._ , .

O ~ r O B o p U na mrrarsa;1 Ilpa ynacajy gHja


17/24

TIEAAfOIIIKA CTBAPHOCT LI, 1-2 2005 , HOBl Call

IZMENAGASO VA UMEHtJRICIMAKiseonik se krvi

Mehuric

Ug ljendioksid se sid .zkrvi Qrcmn tllehm16im a

O ~ r O o p na naraa.a:1. Cnorsama,e paaujeae racose otiyxsara nponasax KuceOHUKa U3 crrorsaunsecpenane Y KarrUJIapHU KpBOTOK nnyha, Cjenne crpane U OTrrYIlITaIhe CO2 Cnpyrecrpaae2. Yayrpanm a passrjeaa racosa nonpaayujeaa passrjeny racona u3Mel y hennja UKpBU;TujeJIUMaU3KpBU npenaje ce KuceOHUK a rrpeyaasra CO23. KuceOHUK U3 nnyhnnx Mjexypuha npenasa y nnyhne xanapane y KpB jep jea.eron napnajarma npnracax y Ba ;J:\YXY y MjexypuhuMa seha Hero y KpBU. XeMOrJI06UH upaerrax KpBHUX spaana sesyje KuceOHUK U pasaoca KpBOTOKOM rro opraHU MY y BU;J:\y HeCTa6uJIHOr jenaa.ea a - oxca-xesrornoriaaa. Ilapnajanna npirnrcax CO2pacrnopenor U neaoxcareaacaaor y KpBU neha je Hero y Ba ;J:\YXY y nnyhHUM MjexypuhuMa U OH U3KpBUnpenasn y nnyhae Mjexypuhe.

102


18/24

Palla fIepllh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y fIP AKCI1

CO OH 2+ CO2.......--.. CaCoa H

xopax:-113BjeI l lTaBaIhe npencrasnaxa rpyrra sanacnnaa e Te3a na Ta6JIIf pasrosop 5 opa- AHaJIIf3a TOKa I f pesynrara pana6 opa- I IoBpaTHa I f p o p M a ~ I f j a - rreTOMIfHYTHIf TeCT - KBaJIIfTaTIfBHa f KBaHTIfTaTIfBHaaHaJIIf3a.

I I I fTaIha:1 Kojexr TIfrry npananajy inxpre patia?2 K lpIfjeJIO je paCKpCHIfQa KOjIfX rryrena?3 KaKO MO KeMO I f3MjepIfTIf BIfTaJIHIf xananarer nnyha?4 n otiyxaara yayrpamn a passsjeaa racosa?

Onronopa1 Tlparranajy mxpraxsa xopnara HaCTaJIe y TOKy eBOJIYQIfje ynopeno ca paaaojevCIfCTeMa aa napxynauajy2 Ilncajaax I f nyresa aa sapea e xpaae3 To je KOJIWmHa saanyxa xojy ynecesro y nnyha xana MaKCIfMaJIHO ynaxaesroMjepa ce nouohy cnapouerpa4 Pa3MeHY racoaa I f3Mel jy hemrja y KpBIf. neJI I f jaMa If 3 KpBIf npenaje ce xaceoHIfK a rrpeysaaa O 2

I IHTepaKTu Ho Y lelbe y ersesmnapaoj llJIll napaaaraarcsoj nacranaEraesmnapaa HaCTaBa je peaxnnja na lIf laKTIfqKIf MaTepIfjaJIIf3aM f eHQIf

KJIOrre lIf3aM y HaCTaBIf. Hacroja 06IfMaH f nrnpox IllKOJICKIf nporpasr CBeCTIf naMaIhIf orpananea 6po j HaCTaBHIfX TeMa.

OBa HaCTaBa ysrjecro CIfCTeMaTCKor KOHTIfHyIfpaHor If norrryaor rpernpa-Iha f peanasanaje nporpasrcxor canpscaja Y3IfMa y 063IfP casro onpeben TIfrrIfqHO

103


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IlE J AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT LI, 1-2 2005 , HOBl Call

er3eMIIJIapaH, 6poj TeMa xoje IIMajy ana-raj HaCTaBHor (Y30pHor) M O ~ e J I a otipanesa OCTaJIe aHaJIOrHe canpzcaje.

CYIliTIiHa er3eMIIJIapHe HaCTaBe je y aKTIIBHOCTII yxeaaxa II HaCTaBHIIKa yIhIlXOBOM aKTIIBHOM III1HTepaKTIIBHOMpany.OCHOBHII csracao OBe KOHIJ;eIIIJ;lIje je na ce 1I3HaCTaBHor nporpasra nojena-

HIiX npenjrera onaoapajy xapaxrepacra tae (TIIIIlIqHe, ysopae peIIpe3eHTaTIIBHe,er3eMIIJIapHe) HaCTaBHe TeMe II na ce TaKBe onaopaae HaCTaBHe resre C M e T O ~ l I q -xe crpane oopahyjy na ysopaa rj. er3eMIIJIapaH HaqIlH. g

Onpebeaa er3eMIIJIapHII canpscaj nocraje M O ~ e J I O M aa oopany II ycsajan,eaHaJIOrHOr canpzcaja. Er3eMIIJIapHII canpacaj Mopa IIMaTII caojcrna u;jeJIIIHe, CKyIIIIHe. JJ:aKJIe, er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa nonpaayxrjesa canpzcaje 1I3Mel)y xojax IIOCTO-ja O ~ I l I r J I e ~ H a ananoraja.

Mel)YTIIM, CBII canpscaja ce He Mory ef3eMIIJIapHO o6pal)IIBaTII, C 063l1pOMna cy IIOTpe6HlI eraejmnapna n aHaJIOrHII canpscaja aa caMOCTaJIaH pan,Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa y IIpllMjeHII IIpOJIa311 Kp03 cnenehe erarre:

- I I p O Y ~ I a B a I h e HaCTaBHor nporpasra II l I ~ e H T l I C l l l K o B a I h e er3eMIIJIapHliX IICJIlIqHIIXcanpacaja,- oopahasaa.e er3eMIIJIapHliX canpxcaja na IlITO yaopimja KBaJIIiTeTHlIjll IInpanjepaa H a ~ I l I H , soneha paxyaa na er3eMIIJIap I I O ~ p K a B a 6l1THa CBOj-CTBa cKyIIIIHe,- caMOCTaJIHa yqeHlIqKa oopana aHaJIOrHlIX canpzcaja IIO y30py M o ~ e J I Yer3eMIIJIapHOr canpxcaja.Y OBOj eTaIIII ~ O J I a 3 1 1 ~ O napaacaja caxro pan, IlITO ~ O I I P I i H O C I i ysersy y ~ I e I h a .

Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa nopen e B I I ~ e H T H I i X I I p e ~ H O C T I I l iMa II H e ~ O C T a T a K aI l p e ~ H O C T I I cy:- oxroryhaaa yqeHIIIJ;IIMa IIHTepaKTlIBHo yqeIhe- oxroryhaaa CTBapaJIaqKII p a ~ yseanxa II HaCTaBHIIKa- aacroja 1I36jehii e H I J ; I I K J I O I I e ~ 1 I 3 a M II ~ 1 I ~ a K T W I K I I MaTeplljaJIlI3aM IIPO-

rpavcxax canpxcaja- yqeHIIIJ;1I aa MaIheM 6pojy qllIheHIIIJ;a ycsajajy rrojxroae, pasaajajy MIiIlIJbe

n,e, ~ O J I a 3 1 1 no saxn.y-raxa II reaepanaaauaje.H e ~ o c T a I J ; 1 I cy:- y-re na y )KIIBOTyyBeK Tpa)Ke M O ~ e J I e ysope, a aa MHore )KIIBOTHe crrrya-

naje II IIpo6JIeMe HeMaysopa Hli M O ~ e J I a ,- IIOCTOjllMoryhHocT na ef3eMIIJIapaH canpscaj He 6 y ~ e IIpaBIi M O ~ e J I ,- aHaJIOraHcanpscaj ce He CMe IIOIiCTOBeTIiTII ca er3eMIIJIapHIIM,- 1I36op er3eMIIJIapHOr canpacaja Tpa)K1I on HaCTaBHIIKa IlIlipOKO nenaro

I l I K o ~ I I ~ a K T l I q K O II M e T O ~ l I q K O IICKyCTBO.Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa je aeonpasnaao aanexrapeaa y c p e ~ I h I l M IlIKOJIaMa,

lIaKO ce MO)Ke KOPIiCTIiTII rOTOBO y CBIIM I I p e ~ M e T I i M a . Ilpavjep xoja J I l I j e ~ I jecaxio jenaa y HlI3Y rrpasrjepa p a ~ 1 I H l I q K O r pana, IIyTeM IIHTepaKTIIBHor yqeIha,

8Ilp Cuerosap MIIJUljCBMh, I1HTepaK1 MBHO Y IeILCYCr3CMnJIapHoj M M napanarwarn-nroj HaC1 anH ,y: luepa LUUO a n ciii o Ban-a J1YKa 1999.104


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Palla Ilepnh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y nrAKCI1npmrjeae eraesmnapne HaCTaBey HaCTaBH reorparpaje y nanroj mKOJIH (II paspenrHMHa3Hje).

HacTa IIU npeJl MeT reorparpaja, npyra paspen, rHMHa3Hja Tesra rcxa ~ e J I U H a : I10JIHTlPIKO-reorpaepCKe H exoaoucxo-reorparpcxeO ~ J I H K e nojennaax ~ e J I O B a CBeTa Hacrasna jenannua: CTaHOBHHmTBO H 30He QHBHJIH3aQHje JIaTHHcKe

AMepHKe. lJ UJh Tlpoy-raaarse npyurrseao-reorparpcxax nonpysja, nojaaa H nponeca,sacnaran,e y ~ npanannocra.

Marepnjam Yr,r6eHHK, xapra CBeTa,xapra JIaTHHcKe AMepHKe qaCOrrHCHNational Geography , Traveller .

xopajc Y B O ~ :- Iloncehan,e aa ersexmrrapna canpxaj: CTaHOBHHmTBo H 30He QHBHJIH3aQHjeArppaxe aKQeHaT na nornann.a H sanacara HXna Ta6JIH)Pehan.e rro rrOrJIaBJhHMa:- Y npocjexy pnjerxo HaCeJheHH KOHTHHeHTH- Perserp JIaTHHcKe AMepHKe y ceraenraua CJIHqaH pen.erpy Arppaxe H T ~2 xopaic- I o ~ e J I a y 6 rpyrra (xereporene), npocropna passsjeturaj H nasaa,e ynyrcrasa sapan rro rpynava.3 xopaic- CaMOCTaJIHH p a ~ rpyrra:

rpyna Pacna cTpyKTypa Jlarancxe MepuKeOnrosop:- JIaTHHcKa AMepHKa je KOHTHHeHT na KOMe KHBH aajsame MHjemaHHx pa-

ca- MecTHQH - MjemaBHHa M H ~ H j a H a Q a H 6HjeJIaQa 60 CTaHOBHHKa MeKcH-xa, 33 OCTaJIe 3eMJhe)- 3aM6oCH - H3Mel)y H H ~ H j a H a Q a H QPHaQa- MyJIaTH - MjemaBHHa 6HjeJIaQa H QPHaQa KOjH cy Kao p060BH ~ O B o l e H H

H3Arppaxe- KpeOJIH - rrOTOMQH H3 6paKOBa rrpBHXmrraHCKHXocaajaxa H M H ~ H j a H K HY a H ~ C K H M 3eMJhaMa BehHHCKO CTaHOBHHmTBO cy MHAHjaHQH xao H MeCTH

QH UpHQH H MyJIaTH qHHe aehany y JaMajKH, I10pTOpHKy, XaHTHjy Eapoanocy,T p H H H ~ a ~ y H To6ary.

PaCHa TOJIepaHQHjaaa OBOM KOHTHHeHTy je aa 3 a B H ~ H O M HHBOy.2 rpyna M u r p a ~ u j e TaHO IlUIDT aOnrosop:Epa3HJI H ApreHTHHy nacersaaajy EBpOrrJhaHH.Epa3HJI nacersasajy I1opTyraJIQH, IhaJIHjaHH H IlIrraHQH.ApreHTHHy - IlIrraHQH H MTaJIHjaHH

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IlE,IJ;ArOIliKACTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOB I I Call

AKTyeJIHe cy MIIrpaQIIje I13ynyrpannsocrn rrpeMa rpanoaassa.Y HOBIIje apeve npacyraa cy KpeTalha xa 06JIaKOMAMa30Ha, I pan qaKa IIIIaTarOHIIje I I y AcPPIlQII, najaehe MIIrpaQIIje cy ceno-rpan),

rpyna: Ilpaapenno-exonoacsa cTpyKTypa H crenen ypfianaaanajeOnrosop:Ilpncyrua je yopaana yp6aHII3aQIIja - paCT rpagcKIIx HaCeJha - KapaKTepIl

CTIIqHO aa sepassajeae aexrrse.- BeJIIIKII rpanona cy: MeKCIIKO CIITII 16,7 MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa (1997),Cao IIaoJIo (16,5 MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa Byenoc Apaec - 11,7 MIIJIIIOHaCTaHOBHIIKa Pao ne KaHeIlpo - 11MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa.

- Epa3I1JI liMa BIICOK crenen yp6aHII3aQIIje, jep CTaHOBHIIIIITBa KIIBII yrpagoBIIMa. Y Epa3I1JIYrrOJIOBIIHa CTaHOBHIIIIITBa pana y TepQIIjaJIHIIM neJIaTHOCTIIMa a y cexynnapnau II rrpIlMapHHM 4CTaHOBHIIIIITBa.- Ypyraaj, ApreHTIIHa, qIlJIe II MeKCIIKO I1Majy HajBIIIIIe 3arrOCJIeHIIX y ceKyHgapHoM cexropy. Y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIlQII I13pa KeH je npouec repnajaJIII3aQIIje xa o II najnehe cOQIIjaJIHe pa3JIIIKe na csajery HajHoBIIjIl rrpIlMep XaIlTII - xpaj cPe6pyapa 2004. ronaae),

-- Kao II y AcPPIlQII II Y JIaTHHcKoj AMepHQH najaeha rpanosa cy na ooanaMa Mopa II oxeana.

4 rpyna: 3 lle U;HBHJIH au;uje cTape UH J;HjcKe U;UBHJIU au;uje Maje IIHKeH Aceua,

Onrosop:- Maje - HaCeJhaBaJIII cy rrOJIyocTpBo JyKaTaH MeKcIIKo, xa o II npocropnanarna,e I aarenane).- ACTeQII - KIIBeJIII cy Ha MeKCIIqKoj BIIcopaBHII.-I1HKe - BIICOKII AHgH, nanaunse repm-opaje IIepya II EOJIHBIIje (nopenn-

TIl ca CTapIlM acPPWIKIIM QIIBIIJIII3aQHjaMa - erIlrraTCKIIM, aparrCKIIM IIQPHaqKIIM .

5 rpyna: IlInaHCKH H nopTyraJICKH KyJIyTpIlH yrnuaj y JIaTHIIcKoj AMepHU;HOgfoBOP:Oaaj yTIIQaj ce IIIHpHO on KaJIHcPopHHjena cesepy go Ilararoanje na jyry.- Y 18 sexrarsa OBOfKOHTIIHeHTa fOBOpIl ce IIIrraHCKII je3I1K. Ilpavepa pagIl

y AcPpIlQII Y 18 aexrarsa fOBOpIl ce eHfJIeCKII je3HK .- Y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIlQH, xao II y AcPPIlQII, KOJIOHII3aTopIl cy BPIIIIIJIIIrroxpmraaaa.e CTaHOBHIIIIITBa TaKOna je BeOMa jaxa KaTOJIWIKa peJIIIfHja.- KOJIOHII3aTopIl oCHIIBajy nnanraace II xanajeane. HaKoH geKOJIOHII3aU;I1jepasaujajy ce OprHHaJIHe xyrrrype y MeKcHKy, Epa3I1JIY, ApfeHTIIHII, KoJIyM6I1jIl, BeHeQyeJIII II gpYfIlM 3eMJhaMa CJIWIHIInponeca nemaaajy ce IIy AcPPIlQII .

- Ilaaac y 3eMJhaMa JIaTIIHcKe Axrepaxe HajcHa KHIIjIl yrnuaj HMajy CA.IJ:npexo CBOjIlX BeJIIIKIIX KOMrraHIIja, Hprr. United Fruit Company. 360r 3aBH-CHOCTII y eKOHOMCKOM CMIICJIY pasnaja ce II KyJITypHII yTIIQaj CA.IJ:-a.

106


22/24

Palla ITcpHh: I1HTEPAKTHBHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1

- Ilopryrancxa xynrypmr yranaj najjaxa je y Epasany rne je nopryrancxuje311K cny K6eHIl je311K.

6 rpyrra: lla pHTallcKor j>pallqycKor Hxonaancxor KynTypllor yrauajaOnroaopa:Ha AHTllncKIlM OCTpBIIMa xao II y HeKIlM xapancxav 3eMJhaMa 113pa KeHIl

cy YTIIIJ;ajll HaBe;QeHIIX aesran.a rue yrnaanoxt KIIBe IJ;PHIJ;1l1l Myrrara.- Earnecxa je311K - Jaxtajxa, Bapoanoc, I najana, TpIIHIl;Qa;Q II To6aro II yOBOj ofinacrn ;QOMIlHaHTHa je rrpOTeCTaHTCKa penaraja.

- paHIJ;ycKIl je;Q3HK - Xanra I sananyne, MapTIIHHK paHIJ;ycKa I yjaaa ;QOMIlHaHTHa je xarona-nca penaraja,- X on an nc xa je3HK - Cypaaaxr II xonaH;QCKIl Mann Anrana aa crraxan HaqllH KynTypHIl Y T J ~ II 30He IJ;IlBllnIl3aIJ;llje o6pageHe cy Ha rrpllMepyApIIKe II yqeHIIIJ;1l ce npnje aanararsa rrpe;QCTaBHIIKa rpyrra noncjere aaTO .

xopaic- Hsneurraaaa e rpyrra 0 pany, aanacaaarse resa na Ta6nll5 xopaxi- Aaanasa TOKaII pe3ynTaTIl.6 xopax;

- IIoBpaTHa IIHOpMaIJ;llja rreToMIlHyTHor TeCTa.IIIITalha aa rreTOMIlHYTHIlTeCT:1. KonHKO CTaHOBHIIKa liMa JIaTIIHcKa Anepaxa?- 455 MllnilOHa.2. Koje pace napona KIIBe y Jlarancxoj AMepIIIJ;Il?- 611jena IJ;pHa I1H;QlljaHIJ;1l acyrn), MjernaHe pace: Mynarn, 3aM6ocll MeCTIIIJ;1l IIKpeona,3. Koja cy najaeha rpanosn JIaTIIHcKe Asrepaxe?

- MeKcIIKo CIITIl 16,7 MllnllOHa CTaHOBHIIKa Cao Ilaono Byenoc Apnec,Pao ne KaHellpo.

4. HaBe;QIITe30He IJ;IlBllnIl3aIJ;llje y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIIIJ;Il:- crape IIH;QlljaHcKe naaanaaarmje Maja I1HKa II ACTeKa- xynrypaa YTIIIJ;aj: nopryrancxn, paHIJ;ycKll xonaancxa n YTIIIJ;aj CA J;-a.5. Tlopryrancxa ce rosopa y ... ?- Bpa san y.Tpyrre y OBOM pa;Qy OCIIM yutieanxa KopllcTe xaconac National Geography

xao II 3aHIIMJhllBOCTil ca I1HTepHeTa II npyrax 113Bopa II nareparype

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ITEJJ:AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT LI, 1-2 2005 , HOBM Call

CBaKO]: HeBHH )KHBOT H pan y mKOJIH noxaayje reurxohe y K O M Y H H K a ~ H j Hxoje npOH3HJIa3e, ]: HjeJIOM, 360r aenoanaaarsa H neysaacaaan a nCHXOJIOmKHX OCO-6HHa Y3paCTa HJIH 360r nenoaaaaarsa H aepaasajenocra MeTO]: HKe aacnarno-06pa30BHOr pana,

Y cnajex y pany HMa HaCTaBHHK KOjH CJIy)KH xao npavjep aa n03HTHBHY KOM Y H H K a ~ H j y H KOjH CBOjHM CTaBOM ocarypasa xyuaay H n O ] C T H ~ a j H Y arxrocrpepy,Y BacnHTHo-o6pa30BHOM npouecy je BO]: H I, oco6a xoja rpopaapa capannasxe THMOBe, nO]: CTH Ie Hece6HqHOCT H nparn pasaoj yseaaxa nJIaHCKH H opraHH30BaHO.

HHTepaKTHBHO yxetse nouaace y q e H H ~ H M a nopen pasnzjan a capanaasxaxonnoca, nocsrarpaa.a ce6e y pa3JIH IHTHM )KHBOTHHM caryanajaaa cyoxaaaa.e cacaMHM C060M, aaanasapan e csoje JIHqHOCTH H csora noaamaa a nonasaa e npara

T O J I e p a H ~ H j e H cnOC06HOCTH cyanpacaaaa,a.Y caesry OBOMe, HaCTaBHHKy rpeoa ]: aTH CJIo6o]: y na y onpehenoj MjepHxpeapa capscaje csora npemrera H oxpaopasara ra y cnpesmocra na aaosanaje Hcasroy-reise.

JlareparypaIlporp. np CY3Hft H. 1999 : Hniuepaxiiiuono ynetee Baa a JIyKa.Ilporp. ]:(pHJIHft M. 1998 : Haciiiaea pasnuuuiiiux nueo caoscenociiiu YqHTeJh

CKH aKyJITeT, EeorpanIlporp jtp BpaHKOBHft,n;. 1999 : HHTepaKTHBHo y-reu,e y npotirrexrcxoj HacTaBH ,Hniiiepatciuueno ynen e Ban a JIyKa.Ilpocp, ] p Kaanrren P. 1969 : Paeeujatee xpuiiaoocoi suuunsetea g yuenutcaBeorpan,Ilporp. np MHJIHjeBHft C. 1999 : HHTepaKTHBHo ysen e y eraexmnapnoj HJIH na-

panaraarcxoj HacTaBH , Hniiiepaxtuueno ynetee Baa a JIyKa.Ilpocp, ]:(p CY3Hft H. 1998 : xo uoiiuusucaiiiu yuenutce Pasaoj aa yutieaaxe HHaCTaBHa cpencrsa PC Cpncxo CapajesoIlpocp, ]:(p Kpnera Il 1999 : C o ~ H j a J I H H rpaxropa xao ]:(eTepMHHaHTa HHTepaKTHBHor ysea.a Huiuepaxiiiueno ynetee Baa a JIyKa.

Rada Perle, BijeljinaINTERACTIVE TEACHING IN PRACTICE

SummaryIn the present conditions i t is obvious that the teaching procedure is burdened by

one-way pedagogical communication. There is a shortage in personali ty developmentwhich should face the challenges of 2151 century, and therefore interactive teaching hasbeen imposed asan imperative.

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Pana Ilepah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA H CTABA Y rIP AKCI1

First the author contemplates teaching activity as social process and starting with the psychology of pupil s age he recognized the group work as special pedagogical challenge.Besides psychological phases the group goes through there are some suggestions for joining new pupils to the group interaction and some actions in order to maintain group cohesion due to the given task.Within the framework of there workshops the author offers common methodology andtechniques for group constitution and realization of different teaching models through interactive teaching.Key words: interaction group interactive learning group constitution workshops levelsof complexity problem teaching example teaching course book feedback

Pana Ilepns b eJ UaI1HTEPAKTI1BHhIH IIPOIJ ECCOEYlJEHI15I HA IIPAKTI1KE

Pe3lOMeB cospeaeansrx YCqrrBOHX TpaAIUI IiOHHbIU npouecc o6yqeHliH OqeBIiAHO Harpy

KeH O.D:HOHarrpaBJIeHHOU nenarorusecxoti KOMMyHIiKaII lieU. TaKaH KOMMyHIiKaII IiH Henouoraer pasaararo JIHqHOCTH KOTOpaH .D:OJI KHa 60pOTbCH c rrp06JIeMaMIi Ii BbI30BaMIiII HBHJIH3aII HH B .D:Ba.D:II aTb nepsoa sexe H nosrovy IiHTepaKTIiBHoe o6yqeHHe HBJIHeTCHoxeas Ba KHbIM HHeo6xo.D:HMbIM.ABTOp HaCTOHllI eU pafiorsr so-rtepastx paccaarpasaer ysenae KaK COII HaJIbHbIU rrpOII eCCIi HCXO.D:H H3 rrCIiXOJIOrli1i B03paCTa yqeHHKOB pafiory Brpyrrrre rpyrmosyio pafiory CqH-raer HCKJIlOqliTeJIbHO Ba KHbIM nenaromxecxaa BH.D:OM pa60TbI.HapH.D:Y C rrCIiXOJIOrJ1qeCKIiMIi eranava -repes xoropsre rrpOXO.D:HT rpyrrrra B pafiore.D:aHbI HpeKOMeH.D:aII HIi 0 BKJIlOqeHIiH ysaumxcs B rpyrrrry B3aHMOBnIDIHIiIi B3aIiMO.D:eU-CTBHH rpynnu C II eJIblO OCYlll eCTBJIeHIDI MaKCHMaJIbHOU B3aliMOCBH31i rpynnsr rro OTHO-urenmo K.D:aHHOU sanaxe.B paxrxaxrpex MaCTepcKIiX aBTOp peKOMeH.D:yeT KOHKpeTHble MeTO.D:bI Ii TeXHIiKIi xacarollI HeCH otpopvneaaa rpynnst Hpeanasauaa pa3HbIX MO.D:eneU mrrepaxraaaoro o6yqeHIDIBKOHTeKcTe rrpe.D:JIO KeHHbIX rrO.D:XO.D:OB.Onopusre cnosa: HHTepaKII IDI rpyrrrra IiHTepaKTIiBHoe ysenae odiopvnenae rpynmrMaCTepCKlie ypOBHH CJIO KHOCTH npofinenaoe ofiyseaue 3K3eMITJIHpHOe ofiyseaaeyqe6HHK 06paTHaH HHepopMaII HH

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