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Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management Using Cognitive Computing & IBM Watson Sridhar Iyengar Distinguished Engineer Cognitive Services & Solutions Architecture Research IBM T.J. Watson Research Center [email protected]

Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management ... · Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management Using Cognitive Computing & IBM Watson Sridhar Iyengar

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Page 1: Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management ... · Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management Using Cognitive Computing & IBM Watson Sridhar Iyengar

Intelligent Requirements &�Obligation Lifecycle Management �Using Cognitive Computing & IBM Watson

Sridhar Iyengar Distinguished Engineer Cognitive Services & Solutions Architecture Research IBM T.J. Watson Research Center [email protected]

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© 2014 IBM Corporation 2016-10-25

Topics Covered § Cognitive Computing – The new era,

an introduction – Basic Terminology – ‘Cognitive’ – Why Computing & AI – Next Era of

Computing

§ Managing complexity and harnessing big data effectively and intelligently using learning systems

§ Examples of Watson use in the Industry

§ Watson & Obligation/Requirements Management

§ Wrap-up ‘Watsononourshoulder,inourpockets,in

ourhome,car,office…makesusallsmarter’

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© 2014 International Business Machines Corporation 3

The exponential growth of data, especially on the cloud, is changing industries, and driving new applications and business models

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Exa

byte

s (10

^18)

How big is “Big Data”? 98% of all data created in last couple of years

Multimedia

Manufacturing & Enterprise IoT

Consumer oriented IoT

Text data Genomic

Structured

Other

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The true value of Big Data is in the embedded context

Raw data Feature extraction metadata

Domain linkages Full contextual analytics

Location risk

Occupational risk

Dietary risk Family history

Actuarial data

Government statistics Epidemic data

Chemical exposure Personal financial situation

Social relationships

Travel history

Weather history . . .

. . .

Patient records

BusinessMoment

Refine&Curate

MethodologyTechnologyKnow-how

Data

Continuously curate information to make it suitable for consumption

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© 2014 International Business Machines Corporation 5

IBM Research Defines and Transforms the Future of Technology, making an impact to society

World Class Talent - Foundation of IBM Research

Genomic Medicine

Micro-Cloud

Precision Agriculture

Debater (GC) Quantum Computing Synapse (GC)

Opening Frontiers of Science and Technology

Intelligent Security Medical Sieve (GC)

GC : IBM Research Grand Challenge

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© 2014 IBM Corporation

Cognitive: of, relating to, or involving conscious mental activities (such

as thinking, understanding, learning,

and remembering)1

Intelligence Augmentation vs Artificial Intelligence

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Interprets and understands natural language

Generates & evaluates hypotheses

Adapts & learns

Watson understands me.

Watson engages me.

Watson learns & improves over time.

Watson helps me discover.

Watson establishes trust.

Watson has endless capacity for insight.

Watson operates in a timely fashion.

Analyze unprecedented amounts of unstructured data

Watson is IBM’s implementation of Cognitive Computing, AI and more

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Games Provide a Laboratory for Reasoning

© 2016 International Business Machines Corporation

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Winning A Game Based on Natural Language

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© 2016 IBM Corporation 10

Expertise! Ecosystem!Technology!

160+ !Partners currently developing !

cognitive applications!!

20,000+ !API developers worldwide!

3800+ !Ecosystem Partner

Applicants!

50!Cognitive APIs !

expected by end of 2016!!

Based on !

50+ Core technologies !

32+!Cognitive APIs !

currently available!

2000+!Cognitive consulting !

Professionals – and growing!

7!Years of cognitive !

knowledge!

Nearly ten years of focus give us the comprehensive cognitive platform to create highly differentiating customer experiences vs. a small set of off-the-shelf point solutions with limited scope.

Watson is uniquely positioned to provide enterprise strength solutions to address the ever increasing challenges businesses face

Ø  Industry Overview

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WatsonDeveloperCloudServices

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Transitioning Military Members to Civilian Life

Improving Financial Planners’ Advice

"Moon Shots" to End Cancer

10 Watson-powered Applications Tackling Clinical Trial Research

A Makeover on R&D Discoveries

Transforming Veterinary Care

Next-Gen Security Analytics

Training Retail Sales Employees

Redefining the Travel Experience

Improving Cancer Care

© 2015 International Business Machines Corporation

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Cognitive Computing Research Agenda

© 2016 International Business Machines Corporation

Use Case Scenarios

Core Capabilities

System Infrastructure

Debating / Research

Medical Imaging

Regulatory Compliance

Geological Exploration

Financial Advise, Risk…

Immersive Environments

Emotional Interactions

Large-Scale (Deep) Machine Learning

Video Newscasting

Reasoning, Planning, Decisions

Deep Knowledge Representation

Multilingual NLP & Speech

Computer Vision

CPU / GPU Acceleration

Material Discovery

Conversational Dialog

Neuromorphic Systems

Approximate Computing

Personalized Healthcare

Scalable Graph Stores

Narrative Generation

Semantic Data Curation

New Computing Paradigms

Augmented Reality

Pattern Mining & Discovery

Optimization & Scaling

Domain Specialization

M e t h o d s T o o l s A P I . .

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Emerging IBM Research Innovation Snapshot

© 2016 International Business Machines Corporation

Operational Risk Analytics

Wealth & Asset Management

Lead Generation

Cognitive Compliance

Equity Research And more…

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Financial Regulatory Compliance

Significant increase in enforcement and penalties..

•  In 2013, JPMorgan hired 4K additional compliance staff, spent extra $1B

•  In 2014, Deutsche Bank included 1.3B euros in extra regulatory-related spend

•  In 2015, Citigroup reported ~$1.7B being “consumed by additional investment” in regulatory and compliance

..has led to soaring FSS compliance spend.

Data from FT, May 28, 2015

§  Significant uptick in enforcement has led to high compliance spends (>10% opex for majority of firms)

§  Current processes have a large manual component, leading to high cost

WSJ, 12/2014: $65B in fines for US and European banks in 2014

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© 2015 IBM Corporation

The Regulatory Compliance problem

16

Enterprises

Privacy regs Disclosure regs

Sarbanes Oxley Act Tax Code regulations

FFIEC

OSHA

Know Your Customer Anti Money laundering

Fiduciary responsibility

CPRB

IRS

SEC FCC EPA PCAOB

NRC

Dodd Frank

CPSC FAA

FDIC FTC

FDA NLRB

HIPAA

Securities and Exchanges Act Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

Exchange Act

Electronics | Travel and Transportation | Banking | Insurance | Legal | Accounting | Health Care | IT | …

What does this reg mean to my <X> line of business? My product <Y>?

My enterprise wants to enter into business <Y> in country <Z>. What regulations apply?

How has the regulation changed? How does it affect my existing controls, policies, procedures?

Which of my contracts have data right obligations? …

Fundamental Problem: Understand regulatory text to determine legal constraints, risks and consequences for an enterprise�s operations, devise policies and procedures to ensure compliance, with full auditability.

ACE

ATF

CFTC VA DEA ETA EEOC FCA FEC

FERC

FHA

FMC

FDIC

The Fed ICC

Full traceability from regulation to products, policies, risks and controls

What are all the regulations that impact my area of responsibility?

Multiple jurisdictions

Unstructured and Structured Input

Do this continuously as regulations, people, systems change.

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© 2015 IBM Corporation

A view of idealized Compliance tasks

17

A1. Regulations: Monitor, Ingest, Understand

A2. Answer questions

D1. Gather and analyze data -- about company internal policies, procedures, operations, business processes

D5. Assess gaps in traceability, remediate

D2. Explore and evaluate possible designs for controls and procedures

D3. Analyze existing set of controls for risk, compliance, redundancy and irrelevance.

D4. Construct a master compliance implementation framework, (policies)

M2. Serve as an institutional (query-able) memory for compliance practices

M1. Monitor business operations for anomalies. Flag jeopardizing changes

M3. Resolve and remediate flagged violations.

Ingest, Correlate, Analyze

Design

Monitor

A3.Simulate audits to assess state of compliance, assembling proofs, assessing gaps, generate audit report

Natural Language Understanding | Machine Learning | Knowledge Representation and Reasoning | Planning | Design | Diagnosis | Repair

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© 2015 International Business Machines Corporation 18

IBM Research – Industries & Solutions

IBM Confidential

Cognitive Regulatory Compliance: Obligation Lifecycle Management

Document Ingestion

I. Cognitive Obligation Extraction

II. Cognitive Mapping:

Regulations to Controls

Regulatory Documents

Controls

Reporting Gap Identification Policy Management …

IBM RCA + Cognitive Compliance Mapping

RCA : Regulatory Compliance Analytics

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Tasks Compliance Mapping

Û Identify New/Updated Regulations

Û Parse Regulations into Obligations

Û Map Obligations to Controls

Û Map Policy to Operational Controls & Identify Policy Gaps

Û Map Operational Controls (i.e. Procedures, Processes tools etc.) to Operations

Û Compliance Status

Compliance automation

External content

Internal content

Policies

Operational Controls (Procedures/ Tools)

Operations

Regulations

Obligations

Regulatory Controls

Value •  Automatically

link obligations to risk domains, products, services, policies and controls

•  Reduction in volume of manual change notifications

•  Greater time savings

•  Automation of compliance checks

Û Map Regulatory Controls to Policies

Com

plia

nce

Mon

itorin

g R

egul

atio

n Tr

acki

ng

External Control Requirements drive internal control techniques that must be aligned to a common structure to avoid inefficiencies, gaps or redundancies

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IBM Cognitive Regulatory Compliance – Where are we headed?

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Cognitive obligation extraction (IBM Regulatory Compliance Analytics)

BlueHOUND

Obligation extraction

Knowledge graphs

BlueHOUND (Natural language processing) Automated ontology creation

Unstructured test 1 2 3 4

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Watson is helping customers parse FFIEC Handbooks, amongst other regulations

~136 pages, 2511 Lines ~ 460 lines contain obligations in main body of document

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Cognitive obligation extraction example results Sentence

No Sentence Text Document Section Watson Score Internal Obligation

Ref# Doc Page

Other Notes

359 Security Controls Implementation SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

360 Access Control SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

361 The goal of access control is to allow access by authorized individuals and devices and to disallow access to all others. SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

363 Access should be authorized and provided only to individuals whose identity is established, and their activities should be limited to the minimum required for business purposes. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

364 Authorized devices are those whose placement on the network is approved in accordance with institution policy. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

365 Change controls are typically used for devices inside the external perimeter, and to configure institution devices to accept authorized connections from outside the perimeter. SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

367 This section addresses logical and administrative controls, including access rights administration for individuals and network access issues. SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

368 A subsequent section addresses physical security controls. SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

369 Access Rights Administration SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

370 Action Summary SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

371 Financial institutions should have an effective process to administer access rights. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

372 The process should include: SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

373 Assigning users and devices only the access required to perform their required functions, SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18 bulleted sentence alone is not an obligation

374 Updating access rights based on personnel or system changes, Reviewing periodically users' access rights at an appropriate frequency based on the risk to the application or system, and SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18 bulleted sentence alone is not an

obligation

375 Designing appropriate acceptable-use policies and require users to agree to them in writing. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18 bulleted sentence alone is not an obligation

376 System devices, programs, and data are system resources. SEC CONTROLS IMPL No 18

377 Each system resource may need to be accessed by individuals (users) in order for work to be performed. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

378 Access beyond the minimum required for work to be performed exposes the institution's systems and information to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. SEC CONTROLS IMPL Yes 18

Obligation: Access should be authorized and provided only to individuals whose identity is established, and their activities should be limited to the minimum required for business purposes.

Not Obligation: This section addresses logical and administrative controls, including access rights administration for individuals and network access issues.

Obligation: Financial institutions should have an effective process to administer access rights. The process should include: Assigning users and devices only the access required to perform their required functions …

Not Obligation: System devices, programs, and data are system resources.

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IBM Cognitive Regulatory Compliance Roadmap

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Cognitive Compliance Mapping Overview

P1. �To assure stability of the institution the Bank will develop a Contingency Funding Plan documenting strategies for emergency funding.�

P2. �In an effort to measure risk to market value of equity, the Bank will review all long-term fixed rate assets.

P3. �Should a funding and liquidity problem develop, the Asset/Liability Committee, will implement the contingency funding plan.�

Policies Regulatory Obligations O1. Any credit union that has assets of $50 million or more must establish and document a contingency funding plan (CFP)…

O2.Financial institutions should have an effective process to administer access rights.

O3. The maximum aggregate amount in unsecured loans … must not exceed 50% of the corporate credit union�s total capital.

Cognitive Compliance

Mapping

O1 P1

P3 Identify mappings of obligations to policies.

Financial text quantities Financial term dictionaries

Financial topic ontologies Expert mappings

Intermediate Control Set / Topic Taxonomy

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Compliance Taxonomy

•  Hierarchically organized compliance topics •  Common obligations across multiple regulatory docs •  Annotations to taxonomy enable supervised models

11.1 Manage enterprise risk 11.1.1 Establish the enterprise risk framework and policies 11.1.1.1 Identify and implement enterprise risk management tools 11.1.1.2 Coordinate the sharing of risk knowledge across the organization 11.1.2 Manage operational risk 11.1.2.1 Report disclosure, COREP, and internal reporting 11.1.2.2 Manage fraud management procedures

Example compliance taxonomy subsection

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Cognitive compliance mapping example results

“Embossing and encoding blank plastic card stock, if conducted in-house, should be performed in a secure area and include inventory controls, accounting controls for the number of cards used (including test and reject cards), and dual controls for blank card stock storage.”

“Software development contracts should contain objective pre-acceptance performance standards to measure the software's functionality.”

“Determine whether token-based authentication mechanisms adequately protect against token tampering, provide for the unique identification of the token holder, and employ an adequate number of authentication factors.”

“Determine whether management and department heads are adequately trained and sufficiently accountable for the security of their personnel, information, and systems.”

Regulation Mapped Topic Family

ü  Physical security

ü  IT and services sales

ü  IT security

ü  Human resources management

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Web-Service UI of Cognitive Compliance Mapping

Audit systems

Reporting and monitoring

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Answer ques*ons about usability of component in product

ArBcle2.ThisdirecBveshallnotapplytobaHeriesandaccumulatorsusedin:

(a) equipmentconnectedwiththeprotecBonofMemberStates'essenBal

securityinterests,arms,muniBonsandwarmaterial,withtheexclusionof

productsthatarenotintendedforspecificallymilitarypurposes;

(b) equipmentdesignedtobesentintospace.

ArBcle4:1.WithoutprejudicetoDirecBve2000/53/EC,MemberStatesshall

prohibittheplacingonthemarketof:

(a)allbaHeriesoraccumulators,whetherornotincorporatedinto

appliances,thatcontainmorethan0,0005%ofmercurybyweight;and

(b)portablebaHeriesoraccumulators,includingthoseincorporatedinto

appliances,thatcontainmorethan0,002%ofcadmiumbyweight.

2.TheprohibiBonsetoutinparagraph1(a)shallnotapplytobuHoncells

withamercurycontentofnomorethan2%byweight.

DIRECTIVE2006/66/EC

R: ‘_ prohibits the placing on the market of _’(State, Item):-

R=rule('Directive 2006/66/EC', [‘Article 4’, 1, b]), ‘member state’(eu,State), 'portable battery or accumulator'(Item), applicable(R,Item), ‘cadmium content’(Item,‘by weight’,X percent), {X > 0.0002}.

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IBM Cognitive Regulatory Compliance – What Next?

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©2016IBMCorporaBon

Some Thoughts on Requirements Management in the Application LifeCycle

The Vision: Finding the Information to do the Job § Going after the 30% time spent looking for

information, from many sources: – Requirements – Other �requirements-like� information

•  Design information •  Trade studies

– Other information in Application Life Cycle •  Test Cases, Test Scripts, Work Items

– External/Internal/Published Documents/Articles

§ While not all engineering information is structured like requirements/items, much of it can be parsed into chunks that resemble requirements

– Sentences – Paragraphs –  Intelligent parsing based on content

§ Once parsed interesting analysis / queries become possible using the power of Cognitive Computing

31

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© 2016 IBM Corporation 32

•  Identifies attrition risk, potential life events and product propensities

•  Indicates reasoning and recommendations

•  Client psychographic profile and insights •  Prioritized news based on portfolio

Wealth Management Insights provides every FA with a Predictive, Prescriptive, Cognitive Assistant

Ø  Wealth Management Insights

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Financial Thesis

Cognitive Pro/Con Analyst

Supporting or Refuting Arguments and Facts

Expert Opinions Forrester: Apple’s iPad sales dropped 18 percent year-over-year in the last quarter Related Facts XYZ CEO: We are looking for more companies to acquire Events At COP21 in December 2015, 195 countries adopted the new global climate deal Additional Predictions ABC will cut its manpower by 15% in the next quarter

Timeline View

Refuting/Supporting Theses

Watson for Financial Research Ø  Financial Research Wealth & Asset Management

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Risk Analytics

http://wpncatalog.stage1.mybluemix.net/assets/assets_risk_visual_analytics

Governance Risk & Compliance Visualization Solution

© 2015 IBM Corporation 34

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Governance Risk & Compliance Visualization Solution: Example : Visualization of Risks & Controls using a Sankey diagram

Operational Risk Analytics

Here we explore specific relationships between Controls, Risks, and

Business Entities

Notice how this Control affects two different Risks (solid line

is the primary owner)

CTG5 Business Entity has two highly rated

risks affecting it

CTG5 Business Entity has two highly rated

risks affecting it

CTG5 Business Entity has two highly rated

risks affecting it

We can show what types of elements are affected by the

Risks by selecting here

http://wpncatalog.stage1.mybluemix.net/assets/assets_risk_visual_analytics © 2015 IBM Corporation 35

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36

Cognitive Environment Lab Symbiotic Cognitive Computing Society of Cognitive Agents

Back-end platform (Computational environment)

Front-end sensor-enabled Cognitive Room https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0heqP8d6vtQ

© 2015 IBM Corporation 36

Mergers and Acquisitions

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Shows use of Watson Developer Cloud and Emerging Research Services Obligation/Requirements Life Cycle Management Demo Financial Sentiment & Outlook Analysis Demo Mergers & Acquisition Cognitive Agent Demo

Selected Demos

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Cognitive Computing – What Next : Takeaways •  What : Cognitive Systems enable you to

–  ScaleandaugmenthumanexperBse

–  Transformindustries,professions&organizaBons

•  How : Watson Developer Cloud & Watson Ecosystem •  What Next : IBM.Next : Fueling the next wave of

innovations from IBM Research : See it in action •  Healthcare & Financial Services are early adopters •  Obligation/Requirements Management using Cognitive

is emerging •  Cognitive Computing can help you ‘OutThink’ the

competition

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The Cognitive Business is coming – ‘Outthink’ your competition

Page 40: Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management ... · Intelligent Requirements & Obligation Lifecycle Management Using Cognitive Computing & IBM Watson Sridhar Iyengar

Answer ques*ons about usability of component in product

ArBcle2.ThisdirecBveshallnotapplytobaHeriesandaccumulatorsusedin:

(a) equipmentconnectedwiththeprotecBonofMemberStates'essenBal

securityinterests,arms,muniBonsandwarmaterial,withtheexclusionof

productsthatarenotintendedforspecificallymilitarypurposes;

(b) equipmentdesignedtobesentintospace.

ArBcle4:1.WithoutprejudicetoDirecBve2000/53/EC,MemberStatesshall

prohibittheplacingonthemarketof:

(a)allbaHeriesoraccumulators,whetherornotincorporatedinto

appliances,thatcontainmorethan0,0005%ofmercurybyweight;and

(b)portablebaHeriesoraccumulators,includingthoseincorporatedinto

appliances,thatcontainmorethan0,002%ofcadmiumbyweight.

2.TheprohibiBonsetoutinparagraph1(a)shallnotapplytobuHoncells

withamercurycontentofnomorethan2%byweight.

DIRECTIVE2006/66/EC

R:‘_prohibitstheplacingonthemarketof_’(State,Item):-

R=rule('DirecBve2006/66/EC',[‘ArBcle4’,1,b]),

‘memberstate’(eu,State),

'portablebaHeryoraccumulator'(Item),

applicable(R,Item),

‘cadmiumcontent’(Item,‘byweight’,Xpercent),

{X>0.0002}.