Inteligenta artificiala: Retele neuronale 1

8/8/2019 Inteligenta artificiala: Retele neuronale 1

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@gtkiòkg jrtè`l`ji

::. Rkkik gkuragjik (@)

Eiar`g Ikag

[g`vkrs`tjtkj Xkmg`lOmkaromk Jsjlm` h`g @jÈjluitjtkj hk Jutafjt`l` Ljiluijtajrk

mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf

Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


2/92

2

Rkkik gkuragjik (@):. @gtrahulkrk2. ^krlkptragui. Jhji`gk


3/92



11/92

Rkoui` hk jsal`krk Rkouiìk hk jsal`krk `hkgtè`l rkij`` `gtkrksjgtk gtrk

hjtk trjgzjlàgjik jpjrkgt gkgruh`tk

Kxkfpiu4 jgji`zj lauiu` hk lufprtur`

^krsajgkik ljrk lufpr ijptk ` slutklk lufpr `bkrk g 5?% h`g ljzur`

::Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


12/92

\kikl`j trsturìar

:2

Rkprkz`gt hktkrf`gjrkj ugk` subfui`f` hk jtr`butk rkikvjgtkh`g fui`fkj hk jgtrkgjrk

Hk ab`lk`, kstk utì`zjt gj`gtk hk jpi`ljrkj ugar jioar`tf` hk

lijsè`ljrk sju rkorks`k ^r`g slhkrkj h`fkgsàgji`t``, prabikfkik pat hkvkg` fj` uar

hk rkzaivjt



13/92

Rkkikik gkuragjik Rkkikik gkuragjik hk t`p pkrlkptrag,

prkzkgtjtk g jlkst lurs, sugt eaias`tk g

okgkrji pkgtru prabikfk hk rkorks`k `lijs`e`ljrk

:


14/92

:8

Fahkiui bàiao`l ji gkuragìar Fahui g ljrk iulrkjzlrk`krui e``gkiar v`` kstk lafpikt

hèkr`t hk lki ji ljiluijtajrkiar gufkr`lk lagvkgàgjik

A rkkj gkuragji jrtè`l`ji kstk ug fahki s`fpiè`ljt jilrk`kruiu` bàiao`l

Lrk`krui ufjg h`spugk g fkh`k hk =5 hk fì`jrhk hkgkurag` ` :;> hk trìàjgk hk s`gjpsk

Ljiluikik sugt prkiulrr` pjrjikik, lafpikxk ` gki`g`jrk E`kljrk gkurag jrk a strultur s`fpi (hajr jpjrkgt...),

hjr `gtkrlagkltjrkj iar jsòur putkrkj hk ljilui



15/92

:;

@gtkrlagkltjrkj gkurag`iar



16/92

@fpuis gkuragji t`p`l

:5Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


17/92

:?

Ljrjltkr`st`lìk ugk` rkkikgkuragjik bàiao`lk

@gearfj`ìk sugt staljtk ` prkiulrjtk g tajtrkkjuj4 sugt oiabjik, gu ialjik

A ljrjltkr`st`l kskg`ji kstk pijst`l`tjtkj4ljpjl`tjtkj hk j sk jhjptj, hk jgvj

âs`bì`tjtkjgvr`` j laghus ij `hkkj

fahkir`` ugar rkkik gkuragjik (fuit)s`fpiè`ljtk lu jdutarui ljiluijtaruiu`



18/92

:=

Rkkik gkuragjik jrt`e`l`jik



19/92

:0

Jgjiao``

RG bàiao`l

\afj (larpui lkiuik`) Hkghr`tk Jxag

\`gjps

RG jrtè`l`ji

Gkurag @gtrr` @k`rk

âghkrk (wkòmt)



20/92

2>

Rkkik gkuragjik (@)

:. @gtrahulkrk2. ^krlkptragui. Jhji`gk

2.:. \trultur2.2. Jioar`tfui hk jgtrkgjrk ji pkrlkptraguiu`2.


21/92

2:

Gkuragui jrt`e`l`ji

^r`fui fahki fjtkfjt`l ji ugu` gkurag j east prapushk FlLuiialm ` ^`tts (:08


22/92

Gkuragui FlLuiialm-^`tts

Gu pajtkgvj3 pjrjfktr`` sk stjbìksl jgji`t`l

22Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


23/92

2 `yh6 :k6 : xw6 >

xwh6 : Hjlx7 >, wtrkbu`k s lrkjsl Hjlx9 >, wtrkbu`k s sljh

Jtugl`4w6 x6 xk kstk rjtj hkgvjrk



31/92

k6: x w6 :

x wh6 > Hjlx7 >, wtrkbu`k s sljh Hjlx9 >, wtrkbu`k s lrkjsl

Jtugl`4w6 (x) 6 xk



32/92

^rjoui lj paghkrk


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Eugl`k hk jlt`vjrk i`g`jr

Krajrkj ugu` vkltar hk jgtrkgjrk

Krajrkj pk fui`fkj hk jgtrkgjrk

Jhji`gk


40/92

Krajrkj fkh`k ptrjt`l kgoi.Fkjg \qujrk Krrar, F\K

8>Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


41/92

Rkouij hk jgtrkgjrk

8:

kstk rjtj hkgvjrk



42/92

g ljzui okgkrji4

Jltuji`zjrkj paghkr`iar4

82

Rkouij hkitjeugl`j hk jlt`vjrk

(hkr`vjb`i)



43/92

8 gkurag`

Jrm`tkltur` hkgvjrk praeugh (kgoi. hkkpikjrg`go)4 fuitk strjtur` jslugsk, hk ab`lk` lu a ejzhk prk-jgtrkgjrk gksupkrv`zjt ` tkmg`l` h`ekr`tk hkjgtrkgjrk



48/92

^rapr`ktjtkj hkjprax`fjrk ug`vkrsji

A rkkj gkuragji lu ug s`gour strjt jslugs,lu ug gufr pas`bì `ge`g`t hk gkurag`, pajtk

jprax`fj ar`lk eugl`k rkji lagt`gu

[g strjt supi`fkgtjr pajtkgs rkhulk eajrtkfuit gufrui hk gkurag` gklksjr` g strjturìk

jslugsk

8=Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


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80Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf

: strjt jslugs


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;>

: strjt jslugs


2 strjtur` jslugsk


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;:Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


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Eugl`` hk jlt`vjrk

Eugl`ìk lki fj` hks utì`zjtk sugt sòfa`hj ug`paijr(sju iao`st`l)4

;2Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


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Eugl`` hk jlt`vjrk

` fj` jiks sòfa`hj b`paijr (tjgokgtj m`pkrbai`l)4

;

g okgkrji, pat e` vjiar` h`g `gtkrvjiui S->.:, >.:V A kur`st`l rklafjgh vjiar` h`g `gtkrvjiui

(-2.8/ E, 2.8/ E), ughk E kstk gufrui hk `gtrr` jigkuraguiu` `(ejg-`g)

@g``ji`zjrkj paghkrìar sk ejlk g fah `ghkpkghkgtpkgtru e`kljrk gkurag

g lagt`gujrk, vaf utì`zj urftar`` `gh`l`4 `pkgtrustrjtui hk `gtrjrk,dpkgtru strjtui jslugs ` cpkgtrustrjtui hk `k`rk



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;0

^jsui 2. Jlt`vjrkj

\k jlt`vkjz rkkjuj pr`g jpi`ljrkj vkltaruiu` hkjgtrkgjrkx:(p),x2(p), ,xg(p) lu `k`rìk har`tkyh:(p), y

h2(p), , y

ha(p)

\k ljiluikjz `k`rìk gkuragìar h`g strjtui jslugs4

ughk gkstk gufrui hk `gtrr` jik gkuraguiu`dh`gstrjtui jslugs ` sk utì`zkjz a eugl`k hk jlt`vjrksòfa`h



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5>

^jsui 2. Jlt`vjrkj

\k ljiluikjz `k`r`ik rkjik jik gkurag`iar h`g strjtuihk `k`rk4

ughk fkstk gufrui hk `gtrr` ji gkuraguiu` ch`gstrjtui hk `k`rk



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5:

^jsui


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52

Hkr`vjtj eugl`k` hk jlt`vjrk



63/92

5.0, w2.8, w286 :.> w.:, ;6 >.

\ lags`hkrfvkltarui hk jgtrkgjrk ughk `gtrrìkx:`x2sugt kojik lu :`jr `k`rkj har`t yh;kstk >

@k`rìk rkjik jik gkuragìar < ` 8 h`g strjtui jslugssugt ljiluijtk prkluf urfkjz4

;2;>.>:/:)( )=.>:8.>:;.>:(:>.::0.>:(

8282:8:8

kwxwxsòfa`hy

\k hktkrf`g `k`rkj rkji j gkuraguiu` ; h`g strjtuihk `k`rk4

\k ab`gk urftajrkj krajrk4 ;>0?.>:/:)( )::.:==>=.>2.:;2;>.>(;8;8;>0?.>>;;, yyk h


\ h` i h ` `


71/92

?:

\k prapjo krajrkjkh`g strjtui hk `k`rk ltrkstrjtui hk `gtrjrk

Fj` gt` sk ljiluikjz orjh`kgtui krar`` pkgtrugkuragui ; h`g strjtui hk `k`rk4

:2?8.>;>0?).>(>.;>0?)(:>.;>0?):( ;;; kyy

Jpa` sk ljiluikjz larkl``ik paghkr`iar ` prjouiu` ^rksupugkf l rjtj hk gvjrkkstk >.:

>::2.>):2?8.>(==>=.>:.>;88; yw

>>5?.>):2?8.>(;2;>.>:.>;):2?8.>():(:.>):( ;;



72/92

?2

Jpa` sk ljiluikjz orjh`kg`` hk krajrk pkgtrugkurag`` < ` 8 h`g strjtui jslugs4

Jpa` sk hktkrf`g larkl`ìk paghkrìar ` prjourìar4

>)2.:(>.:2?8)(>.;2;>)(:>.;2;>):( .:2?(>.==>=)(:>.==>=):( 8;;888 wyy

>>>::.>>>::.>>>):(:.>):( >:;.>)>:8?.>(::.>8::8

xw >>:;.>)>:8?.>(::.>8228 xw>>:;.>)>:8?.>():(:.>):( 88


g e`gji, sk jltuji`zkjz paghkrìk ` prjourìk4


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?>>;.>::;.>0.>:8:8:8

www

8>>>8.>2:;.>>.:282828

www

2>5?.:>>5?.>2.::.:8;8;8;

www

?052.>>>=.>>:;.>:.>888

>:2?.>;;;

^ralksui hk jgtrkgjrk sk rkpkt pg lgh sufj krar`iarptrjt`lk hkv`gk fj` f`l hklt a vjiajrk jllkptjb`i,hk kxkfpiu j`l` >.>>:


Rkzuitjtk e`gjik


74/92

?8

Rkzuitjtk e`gjik

@gputs

x: x2

:

>:

>

:

:>

>

>

::

Hks`rkhautput

yh

>

>.>:;;

Jltujiautput

y;

Krrar

k

\uf aesqujrkh

krrars

>.0=80 >.0=80

>.>:?;

>.>:;;

>.>:;: >.>:;:

>.>:?;

>.>>:>

Ukstk gufrui hk vkltar` hkjgtrkgjrk (j`l` 8)

Akstk gufrui hk `k`r` (j`l` :)


Kvaiu`j krar`` pkgtru


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Kvaiu`j krar`` pkgtruprabikfj ]AR

?;Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


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^jrjfktr`` e`gji` j` rkkik`

?5Eiar`g Ikag, @gtkiòkgtj jrtè`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf

Rkoùg` hk hkl`z`k


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??

(j) Rko`ugkj hk hkl`z`k okgkrjt hk gkuragui jslugs >

x:+x2 :.; 6 > x:+x2 >.; 6 >

x: x:

x2

:

:

(l)

>

Rko`ug` hk hkl`z`k



78/92

?=

X`pur` hk jgtrkgjrk gvjrkj `glrkfkgtji (kgoi. agi`gk ikjrg`go)

âghkrìk sk jltuji`zkjz hup prkiulrjrkj e`klru`vkltar hkjgtrkgjrk

Lj g kxkfpiui jgtkràr

gvjrkj pk iat (kgoi. bjtlm ikjrg`go) Hup prkiulrjrkj ugu` vkltar hk jgtrkgjrk sk jlufuikjz

orjh`kg`` hk krajrk g larkl`ìk paghkrìarw âghkrìk sk jltuji`zkjz a s`gour hjt ij ser`tui ugk`

kpal`, hup prkzkgtjrkj tuturarvkltarìar hk jgtrkgjrk4ww+w

Jvjgtjd4rkzuitjtkik jgtrkgr`` gu fj` hkp`gh hk arh`gkj gljrk sugt prkzkgtj` vkltar`` hk jgtrkgjrk


Fktahk hk jllkikrjrk j


79/92

?0

Fktahk hk jllkikrjrk jgvr``

[gkar`, rkkikik gvj fj` rkpkhk jtugl` lgh skeaiasktk eugl`j s`ofa`h b`paijr (tjgokgtjm`pkrbai`l) g ialui s`ofa`hk` ug`paijrk



80/92

=>

Fktahj fafkgtuiu`

Rkouij hkitj okgkrji`zjt4

Xkrfkgui kstk ug gufr paz`t`v(> 9 :) guf`t lagstjgt hk fafkgtsju `gkr`k(kgoi. fafkgtuf)

Hk ab`lk`, kstk g dur hk >.0;


gvjrkj lu fafkgt pkgtru


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gvjrkj lu fafkgt pkgtruprabikfj ]AR

=:Eiar`g Ikag, @gtki`okgtj jrt`e`l`jij, mttp4//eiar`gikag.byktmast28.laf/lursQ`j.mtf


82/92

=2

Rjtj hkgvjrk jhjpt`v

^kgtru jllkikrjrkj lagvkrokgk` ` kv`tjrkj`gstjb`i`t``, sk pat jpi`lj hau kur`st`l`4 Hjl vjr`j`j sufk` krar`iar ptrjt`lkKjrk

jlkij` skfg jiokbr`l pkgtru fj` fuitk kpal`lagsklut`vk, jtugl` rjtj hkgvjrk trkbu`k slrkjsl

Hjl skfgui iu`Kjitkrgkjz t`fp hk ltkvjkpal` lagsklut`vk, jtugl` rjtj hkgvjrk trkbu`k s sljh



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=8, h6 >.?, u6 :.>;

rjt`a hawg up


gvjrkj lu rjt jhjpt`v


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=8


gvjrkj lu fafkgt ` rjt jhjpt`v


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=;



86/92

=5

Fktahj Gkwtag

Fktah `tkrjt`v pkgtru hktkrf`gjrkjrhl`g`iar ugk` eugl`` pk bjzj hkr`vjtk`


Jpi`ljrkj fktahk` Gkwtag


87/92

=?

Jpi`ljrkj fktahk` Gkwtagpkgtru jgtrkgjrkj ugk` rkkik

^kgtru a rkkj gkuragji,slapui kstk hktkrf`gjrkjpugltkiar ughk hèkrkg`jij

krar`` kstk > \k pat eaias` hèkrkg`jik

hk arh`g 2

Fjtr`lkj mkss`jg4 ljiluiklafpikxk ` skgs`bì`tjtk ijkrarìk hjtk hk prkl`z`jrkprkzkgtr`` gufkrkiar gljiluijtar

Fktahj fafkgtuiu` pajtke` lags`hkrjt ajprax`fjrk kur`st`l j

jlkstk` jbarhr`



88/92

==

Jgtrkgjrkj lu jioar`tf` kvaiut`v`

Os`rkj paghkrìar pkgtru f`g`f`zjrkj krar`` kstk aprabikf hk apt`f`zjrk

\k pat eaias` jioar`tf` kvaiut`v` pkgtru jgtrkgjrk Lrafazaf`` var e` vkltar` (eajrtk) iugo` ljrk

rkprkz`gt paghkrìk ` prjourìk Jbarhjrkj kvaiut`v lrktk eikx`bì`tjtkj

Eugl`ìk hk jlt`vjrk gu fj` trkbu`k s e`k hèkrkg`jbìk E`kljrk gkurag pajtk jvkj ug jit t`p hk eugl`k hk jlt`vjrk Gkurag`` gu fj` trkbu`k s e`k lafpikt lagkltj` Xapaiao`j rkkik` gu fj` trkbu`k s e`k stjbì`t jpràr` JK pajtk hktkrf`gj jtt tapaiao`j lt ` pjrjfktr`` rkkik`


Hktkrf`gjrkj tapaiao`k` `


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=0

Hktkrf`gjrkj tapaiao`k` `jgtrkgjrkj rkkik` luJK

Jvjgtjd4 s`fpi`tjtkj jbarhr`` Jioar`tfui okgkt`l rkji`zkjz ` os`rkj tapaiao`k` apt`fk `

jgtrkgjrkj rkkik` gkuragjik

Hkzjvjgtjd4 t`fp iugo hk jgtrkgjrk Gufr fjrk hk okgk h`g lrafazag`, e``gh lahè`ljtk jtt

`gearfj`` pr`v`gh tapaiao`j, lt ` paghkrìk lagkxùgìar `vjiarìk prjo jik gkuragìar

Jitkrgjt`v4 orjfjt`l` okgkrjt`vk



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0>

Lags`hkrkgtk prjlt`lk ^kgtru j gu sjturj eugl`ìk sòfa`hk, lkkj lk jr laghulk

ij slhkrkj v`tkzk` hk lagvkrokg, `gtrrìk ` `k`rìk sugtsljijtk hk ab`lk` g `gtkrvjiui S>.:, >.0V, sju S->.0, >.0V, g

eugl`k hk t`pui hk sòfa`h eaias`t Hjl rkkjuj kstk utì`zjt pkgtru rkorks`k ` gu pkgtru

lijsè`ljrk, eugl`j hk jlt`vjrk j gkuragìar hk `k`rk pajtke` i`g`jr sju skfì`g`jr (i`f`tjt ij > ` :, rkspklt`v ij-: ` :)g ial hk sòfa`h

\tjbì`rkj gufruiu` hk strjtur` ` fj` jiks j gufruiu`hk gkurag` h`g e`kljrk strjt kstk rkijt`v hè`lì ` pajtkgklks`tj gufkrajsk glkrlr` pkgtru j jt`gokpkrearfjgkik har`tk



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0:

Kur`st`l` E`k4

Ggufrui hk `gtrr` Agufrui hk `k`r`

Mgufrui hk gkurag` h`g strjtui jslugs(pkgtru ug s`gour strjt jslugs) M:gufrui hk gkurag` h`g pr`fui strjt jslugs`

M2gufrui hk gkurag` h`g ji ha`ikj strjt jslugs(pkgtru 2 strjtur` jslugsk)

Rkij`j iu` Cuhrylc`4 M6


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Inteligenta artificiala: Retele neuronale 1