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Joseph R. Zunt, MD, MPH Departments of Neurology, Global Health, Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Epidemiology INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP TRAINING

INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

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Page 1: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

Joseph R. Zunt,

MD, MPH D e p a r t m e n t s o f

N e u ro lo g y,

G lo b a l H e a l t h ,

M e d ic in e

( I n fe c t iou s

D is e a s e s ) ,

E p id e m io log y

INTEGRATION AND

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF

MENTORSHIP TRAINING

Page 2: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

STEPS TOWARDS INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Develop Mentoring Tools: handbook, mentor compact, case

vignettes

Provide Mentorship Training and Recognize

Mentoring Efforts

Integrate Across Levels: research groups,

departments, schools, universities, national

Assess Mentoring and Trainee Needs 1

Page 3: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

AFRICA: WHAT TRAINEES WANT

THEME RESPONSES

Current status of

mentorship

• Lack of academic mentorship program

Challenges facing

mentorship practices

• Adhoc method of choosing mentors

• Limited time allocated to mentorship

• Limited awareness of roles of mentors

and trainee

How mentorship can

be improved

• Facilitation of mentor-trainee matching

• Improvement of mentoring skills

Nakanjako D, et al. BMC Med Education 2011;11(53):1-6

Page 4: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

AFRICA: WHAT MENTORS WANT

THEME RESPONSES

Current status of Mentorship • No critical mass of mentors

• Limited mentorship skills

Challenges facing mentorship

practices

• No academic mentorship program

• Ad hoc initiation of mentor-trainee relationships

• Limited awareness of roles of mentors/trainees

• Lack of logistics for mentorship program

• Limited interest of trainees in academic careers

How mentorship can be

improved

• Establish an academic mentorship program

• Improve mentoring skills

• Motivate mentors by institutional recognition

• Provide resources to support mentoring activities

Nakanjako D, et al. BMC Med Education 2011;11(53):1-6

Page 5: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

PERU: WHAT TRAINEES WANT

Professional knowledge and experience

Respect

Interpersonal skills and good judgment

Shares network of colleagues and resources

Encourages trainee to develop own career

Shows initiative, takes risks

Shares credit

Invests time, energy and effort into mentoring

Shares professional experiences

COMPETENCE

CONFIDENCE

COMMITMENT

Plus the very important C… Click!

Page 6: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

PERU: WHAT MENTORS WANT

from trainees and peers to improve

mentoring

of mentoring efforts from Peruvian and

collaborating international institutions

Provide access to electronic literature

Improve research infrastructure

No payment desired for mentors

FEEDBACK

RECOGNITION

APPRECIATION:

“Clinical Research Mentoring: Training the Trainers”, Lima, Peru, Feb 29, 2009

Page 7: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

STEPS TOWARDS INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Provide Mentorship Training and Recognize

Mentoring Efforts

Integrate Across Levels: research groups,

departments, schools, universities, national

Assess Mentoring and Trainee Needs

Develop Mentoring Tools: handbook, mentor

compact, case vignettes 2

Page 8: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

FACTORS TO CONSIDER

TRAINEE LEVEL

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE

Undergraduate

Graduate

Post-Doctoral

Professional

Gender

Disability

Sexual Orientation

Page 9: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

GOALS FOR TRAINEES

Academic Medicine 2013;88:1002-8

Page 10: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

BENEFITS OF MENTORSHIP

Receive Guidance

Become More Effective

Researcher

Build Research Capacity

FOR MENTOR

FOR TRAINEE

Train New Investigators

Page 11: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

ROLE OF A MENTOR

career development

trainee’s career goals

trainee to acquire new

research skills

Bower et al. Medical Teacher, 1998;20(6), 595-7

Samantha Dellinger www.yorkblog.com

SUPPORT

FOSTER

CHALLENGE

Page 12: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

PRIMARY MENTOR • Develops mentorship plan with trainee

• Oversees mentorship activities of team

• Assures program goals are achieved by trainees

• Coordinates evaluation of trainees by mentorship team

THEMATIC MENTOR • Provides support to mentorship team in specific area of

expertise

• Participates in evaluation of trainees

PRIMARY AND THEMATIC MENTORS

Page 13: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

Agreement between mentors and trainees that

provides a framework for professional relationship:

• Provides overview of mentorship

• Defines frequency & mode of meetings (in-person,

virtual, phone)

• Specifies commitments of trainees and mentors

Mentors review and discuss with trainees

Signed and placed in trainee’s files

MENTORSHIP COMPACT

Page 14: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors
Page 15: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

STEPS TOWARDS INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Develop Mentoring Tools: handbook, mentor compact, case

vignettes

Integrate Across Levels: research groups,

departments, schools, universities, national

Assess Mentoring and Trainee Needs

3 Provide Mentorship Training and Recognize

Mentoring Efforts

Page 16: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

• Teach practical skills and a sense of social and

ethical responsibility:

• Medical knowledge

• Interpersonal and communication skills

• Professionalism

• Patient care

• Practice-based learning

• Systems-based learning

CORE COMPETENCIES FOR MENTORS

Stewart, M. G. Accreditation council on graduate medical education core competencies. 2001

Page 17: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH

Page 18: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

FACTORS TO CONSIDER

TRAINEE LEVEL

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE

Undergraduate

Graduate

Post-Doctoral

Professional

Gender

Disability

Sexual Orientation

Page 19: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING STUDENTS WITH

DISABILITIES

Page 20: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING GAY, BISEXUAL, LESBIAN AND

TRANSGENDERED STUDENTS

Page 21: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING GRADUATE STUDENTS

Page 22: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING TOPICS

http://www.grad.washington.edu/mentoring/memos/

• The Literature Review

• Intentional Career Planning

• Forming an Interdisciplinary Dissertation Committee

• Writing Your Individual Development Plan

• Academic Job Offer and Salary Negotiations

• Communicating with the News Media

• What You Need to Know About Human Subjects and Animal Subjects

for Dissertations

• Working the Room

• A Dozen Sentences That Should Appear in your (Academic) Job

Application Letter

Page 23: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENT

RESEARCH CAREERS

• Introduction to clinical research

• Integration into clinical research environment

• Provide guidance for research protocols and scientific

papers

• Encourage development of outstanding clinical

research skills

• Assist with finding funding opportunities and editing

grant applications

Page 24: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS

Mentorship is a long-term commitment

Maintain connections after training period has ended

Encourage communication when trainee is challenged

Offer various ways for trainees to meet:

• in person, by email, phone, over Internet, group meetings

Encourage communication between host -country and

home-based mentors:

• Expedites resolution of problems that arise

• Reduce confusions

Page 25: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING THE MENTORS: TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION

Shah SK, Novell B, Montano SM, Behrens C, Zunt

JR. Clinical Research and Global Health: Mentoring

the Next Generation of Health Care Students.

Global Pub Health 2010;14:1-13.

UW, UCSF, UPCH, NAMRU-6

Page 26: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

STEPS TOWARDS INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Develop Mentoring Tools: handbook, mentor compact, case

vignettes

Provide Mentorship Training and Recognize

Mentoring Efforts

Assess Mentoring and Trainee Needs

4 Integrate Across Levels: research groups,

departments, schools, universities, national

Page 27: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

CLAYTON-DEDONDER MENTORSHIP FELLOWS

INSTITUTIONALIZING MENTOR TRAINING

• Define existing mentor training resources

• Develop mentoring tools

• Provide training

– seminars, workshops, grants

• Recognize mentoring efforts

• Integrate across levels

– individuals, departments, schools, universities, nations

Page 28: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

ESTABLISH PEER MENTORING GROUPS

Peer Mentoring Group

Simple mentoring activity,

little to no investment

http://depts.washington.edu/gwach/kizazi/

Page 29: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

BUILD A MENTOR REPOSITORY

Page 30: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

START INSTITUTIONALIZATION WITHIN A

DEPARTMENT

Page 31: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors
Page 32: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

DEVELOP A MENTORING TOOLKIT

http://www.go2itech.org/resources/toolkits

Page 33: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

INSTITUTIONALIZE A CURRICULUM

Pfund, C., et al., A research mentor training curriculum for clinical and translational researchers.

Clin Transl Sci, 2013. 6(1): p. 26-33.

Development of

a a mentor

training

curriculum that

includes monthly

train-the-trainer

seminars

Page 34: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

NATIONAL MENTORING SUPPORT

FOR INDIVIDUALS: K24

Page 35: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

NATIONAL MENTORING SUPPORT

FOR INSTITUTIONS

http://advance.washington.edu/resources/mentoring.html

Page 36: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

MENTORING IN THE MODERN AGE:

DISTANCE MENTORING

Functions

Support

• Facilitation

Guidance

• Orientation

• Stimulation

Collaboration

• Sharing

• Critique

Teaching

Tools

Email

Skype/Chat

Discussion

Forums

Websites

Page 37: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

DISCIPLINARITY

working within a single discipline

viewing one discipline from the

perspective of another

working with different disciplines, drawing

on disciplinary knowledge

integrating knowledge and methods from

different disciplines, synthesizing

approaches

creating a unity of intellectual frameworks

beyond disciplinary perspectives

Intradisciplinary

Crossdisciplinary

Multidisciplinary

Interdisciplinary

Transdisciplinary

Page 38: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

Lima

Polycom

Lima

classroom

and

Polycom™

setup

Seattle classroom

AC

P Lima

Polycom

Lima

classroom

and

Polycom™

setup

Seattle classroom

AC

P

bidirectional, bilingual, binational, arboreal

Building Capacity for Distance Education

Page 39: INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORSHIP … · mentorship •Lack of academic mentorship program Challenges facing mentorship practices •Adhoc method of choosing mentors

UPCH VICERECTOR OF RESEARCH SUPPORTING

THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MENTORING