Integrated Pest Management. PEST MANAGEMENT Cultural (Prevention) Modification of normal plant care Proper plant selection Resistant species Proper

Integrated Pest Integrated Pest ManagementManagement

PEST MANAGEMENTPEST MANAGEMENT

Cultural (Prevention)Cultural (Prevention) Modification of normal plant careModification of normal plant care Proper plant selectionProper plant selection Resistant speciesResistant species Proper watering, fertilizing, etc.Proper watering, fertilizing, etc.


MechanicalMechanical Labor, materials (not pesticide), Labor, materials (not pesticide),

machinerymachinery Picking bagworms (labor)Picking bagworms (labor) Removing debris (labor)Removing debris (labor) Mulching (material)Mulching (material) Mowing (machine)Mowing (machine)


Physical controlPhysical control Environmental manipulationsEnvironmental manipulations Light, temperature, humidity, and Light, temperature, humidity, and

moisturemoisture Use of straw to reduce frost damageUse of straw to reduce frost damage Pruning to increase air movement and Pruning to increase air movement and

light penetrationlight penetration


Does nothing.Does nothing.


Biological (Biological (Beneficial organisms)Beneficial organisms) Plant diversity increases beneficial Plant diversity increases beneficial

presencepresence Overuse of chemicals reduce beneficial Overuse of chemicals reduce beneficial

presencepresence ReleaseRelease

http://www.thewire.com/business/2014/05/wasps-are-here-to-save-our-limes/370906/

/ http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/us/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/us/

arizona-water-tamarisk-beetle.html?_r=0arizona-water-tamarisk-beetle.html?_r=0

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/us/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/us/arizona-water-tamarisk-beetle.html?_r=0arizona-water-tamarisk-beetle.html?_r=0


Chemical (The Almighty)Chemical (The Almighty) Fast and temporaryFast and temporary Overuse can build resistance and Overuse can build resistance and

disrupt ecological balancedisrupt ecological balance

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/09/198051447/as-biotech-seed-2013/07/09/198051447/as-biotech-seed-falters-insecticide-use-surges-in-corn-beltfalters-insecticide-use-surges-in-corn-belt

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/09/198051447/as-biotech-seed-2013/07/09/198051447/as-biotech-seed-falters-insecticide-use-surges-in-corn-beltfalters-insecticide-use-surges-in-corn-belt

Integrated Pest Integrated Pest ManagementManagement

IPMIPM – – ecologicalecological approach to preventing approach to preventing unacceptableunacceptable pest presence or damage pest presence or damage < 0.1 % of all insects are harmful to plants< 0.1 % of all insects are harmful to plants

Moderate levels of a pest can be Moderate levels of a pest can be harmless, even beneficial when providing harmless, even beneficial when providing food for predatorsfood for predators

COMPONENTS OF AN IPMCOMPONENTS OF AN IPM

PreventionPrevention Plants weakened by improper selection, Plants weakened by improper selection,

planting, and managementplanting, and management


IdentificationIdentification Which pest is causing the damage?Which pest is causing the damage? Are symptoms abiotic?Are symptoms abiotic? The wrong ID could result in the wrong The wrong ID could result in the wrong

treatmenttreatment


Monitoring/ScoutingMonitoring/Scouting Different monitoring programs for each Different monitoring programs for each

pestspests Scouting routines weeklyScouting routines weekly Know common problems in area and Know common problems in area and

time of occurrencetime of occurrence -When and What to look for-When and What to look for


Monitoring/ScoutingMonitoring/Scouting Scouting for pest and/or symptomsScouting for pest and/or symptoms Know beneficials and damaging insectsKnow beneficials and damaging insects


ThresholdsThresholds Every plant tolerates certain amount of Every plant tolerates certain amount of

pests and damagepests and damage When should action be taken?When should action be taken?


Agricultural thresholdsAgricultural thresholds Yield determine thresholdYield determine threshold

2 hornworms per tomato significantly 2 hornworms per tomato significantly reduces number of tomatoes producedreduces number of tomatoes produced

Most research has been applied in this Most research has been applied in this areaarea http://ipmpipe.org/http://ipmpipe.org/


Ornamental thresholdsOrnamental thresholds When does damage look bad?When does damage look bad? Client’s expectationsClient’s expectations Little research done in this areaLittle research done in this area


Thresholds change based on susceptibilityThresholds change based on susceptibility Age of plantAge of plant


Thresholds change based on susceptibilityThresholds change based on susceptibility StressStress

Environmental Environmental

If action taken is late (threshold too high), If action taken is late (threshold too high), control will take longercontrol will take longer

MONITORING TECHNIQUESMONITORING TECHNIQUES

SamplingSampling: Flotation : Flotation Flood area to float Flood area to float Chinch bugsChinch bugs to the to the

surfacesurface


Sampling: Sampling: Irritants Irritants Caterpillars and mole cricketsCaterpillars and mole crickets

Disclosing solution or flushing Disclosing solution or flushing 1 oz dish soap / gal water1 oz dish soap / gal water


Sampling: Sampling: Soil samplingSoil sampling GrubsGrubs

Cut 1 square foot 2” deepCut 1 square foot 2” deep Count the grubsCount the grubs Threshold depends on species and stressThreshold depends on species and stress


Sticky trapsSticky traps Yellow sticky cardsYellow sticky cards

Whiteflies and thrips (greenhouse)Whiteflies and thrips (greenhouse)

Hang near top of plant canopyHang near top of plant canopy Examine weekly for presenceExamine weekly for presence Sticky TapeSticky Tape

ScaleScale

Wrap around branch to estimate hatchingWrap around branch to estimate hatching

Yellow Sticky CardsYellow Sticky Cards

Yellow Sticky CardsYellow Sticky Cards

Blue Sticky CardsBlue Sticky Cards

Yellow Sticky TapeYellow Sticky Tape


Tree BandingTree Banding Adults lay eggs under band Non-toxic sticky substance

traps adults and hatching eggs

Cankerworm control and monitoring

http://treebanding.com/http://treebanding.com/index.phpindex.php

http://www.treebands.com/http://www.treebands.com/


Branch beatingBranch beating Shake or beat branch into net or over Shake or beat branch into net or over

sheet to dislodge insectssheet to dislodge insects

Branch BeatingBranch Beating


Pheromone trapsPheromone traps Gypsy moth, Mediterranean Fruit Fly…Gypsy moth, Mediterranean Fruit Fly…

Chemical communication between Chemical communication between insectsinsects

Mating, danger, food…Mating, danger, food… Human pheromones?Human pheromones?


Pheromone trapsPheromone traps Pheromone traps used to lure adultsPheromone traps used to lure adults Determine presence, mating or egg Determine presence, mating or egg

laying laying Estimate hatchingEstimate hatching

Not effective to determine population or Not effective to determine population or controlcontrol

Pheromone TrapPheromone Trap





Frass collectionFrass collection Gypsy mothGypsy moth

Inspecting fecal pellets at base of treeInspecting fecal pellets at base of tree Size and amountSize and amount

Collect with cups or sticky cardsCollect with cups or sticky cards


Pitfall TrapsPitfall Traps Funnel in ground to catch crawling Funnel in ground to catch crawling

insects insects


Degree daysDegree days Predict growth stage or presencePredict growth stage or presence Growth rate of insects is closely related Growth rate of insects is closely related

to temperatureto temperature Higher the temp, the faster the rateHigher the temp, the faster the rate Indicates when insect is most Indicates when insect is most

susceptible to controlsusceptible to control


Degree daysDegree days: amount of accumulated heat : amount of accumulated heat 1 degree day (DD) = 1 degree over threshold 1 degree day (DD) = 1 degree over threshold

temperaturetemperature Lower threshold is the temp when an insect Lower threshold is the temp when an insect

growsgrows Every degree (daily average) over the lower Every degree (daily average) over the lower

threshold = 1 degree day threshold = 1 degree day Subtract the average daily temperature from Subtract the average daily temperature from

the lower threshold to get the number of the lower threshold to get the number of degree daysdegree days


Every pest has a specific:Every pest has a specific: Lower threshold temperature under Lower threshold temperature under

which no development will occurwhich no development will occur Number of degree days needed to Number of degree days needed to

complete life cyclecomplete life cycle


Elm leaf beetleElm leaf beetle 52 F is lower threshold52 F is lower threshold Starting March 1, count DDStarting March 1, count DD 700 DD is the susceptible stage of 700 DD is the susceptible stage of

control control

Illinois: Illinois: http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/warm/pestdata/shttp://www.sws.uiuc.edu/warm/pestdata/sqlchoose1.asp?plc=qlchoose1.asp?plc=

Degree DaysDegree Days

Degree DaysDegree Days

Table 1. Some common insects for which Degree Days may be used in management.Table 1. Some common insects for which Degree Days may be used in management.

InsectInsectThresholdThreshold

TemperatureTemperatureBioFixBioFix DD TargetDD Target Action EventAction Event

Alfalfa weevilAlfalfa weevil 4848 SeveralSeveral See ENT-17See ENT-17

Black cutwormBlack cutworm 5050 Trap CatchTrap Catch 300300 Begin Field ScoutingBegin Field Scouting

Codling mothCodling moth 5050 Trap CatchTrap Catch SeveralSeveral See Entfact-203See Entfact-203

European corn borerEuropean corn borer 5050 Jan 1Jan 1 SeveralSeveral See Entfact-106See Entfact-106

San Jose scaleSan Jose scale 5151 Trap CatchTrap Catch SeveralSeveral See Entfact-204See Entfact-204

Western corn rootworm Western corn rootworm 5252 Jan 1 Jan 1 380380 Egg hatchEgg hatch

Documents

Integrated Pest Management. PEST MANAGEMENT Cultural (Prevention) Modification of normal plant care Proper plant selection Resistant species Proper