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Cosmetology I: Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Plan2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education

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Lesson Plan

Course Title: Cosmetology I

Session Title: Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy

Lesson Duration: 3-4 Class Periods

[Lesson length is subjective and will vary from instructor to instructor]

Performance Objective:Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to describe the integumentary systemand its functions, and the anatomy of skin. The student will demonstrate these competencies bycompleting a written test with a minimum of 80 percent accuracy.

Specific Objectives: Describe the integumentary system. Name and describe the layers of skin. Name and describe the nerves of the skin.

Name and describe the glands of the skin. List the functions of the integumentary system. Explain why sweating is important to survival. Explain how the skin helps to regulate body temperature. Identify the factors that affect aging of the skin. Name precautions clients can take to reduce skin aging.

Preparation

TEKS Correlations:This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to theactivities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.

125.112(C)(3)

The student knows the concepts and skills that form the core knowledge of cosmetology. 125.112(C)(1)(E)

demonstrate knowledge of the concepts and skills related to health as specified byappropriate government regulations.

Interdisciplinary Correlations:This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to theactivities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.Health Science Technology Education:

121.22(C)(1) - Medical TerminologyThe student knows the terminology related to health care.

121.22(C)(4)(B)translate medical terms to conversational language to facilitate communication

English: 110.42(B)(6)(A) Vocabulary Development

expand vocabulary throughlistening and discussingBiology:

112.43(C)(10)(A) Science Conceptsinterpret the functions of systems in organisms including integumentary


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Instructor/Trainer

References:1. Miladys Standard Textbook of Cosmetology, Chapters 6 and 172. Rizzo, Donald C. Delmars Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

Instructional Aids:

1. Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy PowerPoint Presentation2. Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy PowerPoint Presentation - Slides3. Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy PowerPoint Presentation - Handouts4. Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy PowerPoint Presentation - Notes Pages5. Build a Sandwich Activity Instructions6. Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Exam7. Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Exam Answer Key

Materials Needed:1. Dry erase board and markers2. Index cards3. Food for the Build a Sandwich activity

Equipment Needed:

1. Overhead ProjectorLearner

Prior to teaching the lesson, have the students think about some of their concerns,challenges, and questions about skin. Have them write their thoughts down and beprepared to share them with the class at the beginning of the lesson.

Introduction

Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): PPT Slides 1-3ASK: All of us have come across people who look either younger or older than we think they

should look for their age. What are some of the features or characteristics that make us

look older then we are?SAY: The health of the skin can play a big factor in the appearance of people, and the agethey look. Clear, glowing skin is one of the hallmarks of beauty, and many of your clientsmay call on you to consult about their skin. Its important for you to be familiar withavailable skin care products, but even more importantly, you need to know about thenatural structure of the skin to enable you to provide basic skin care services.

Outline

Outline (LSI Quadrant II):1. Describe the integumentary system

a. Comprised of skin, and appendages of skin: hair,nails, and sweat and oil glands.

b. Integument means covering, and the averageadult has approximately 3,000 square inches ofskin.

c. Skin weighs about 6 pounds, nearly twice theweight of the liver or brain.

d. Skin is flexible and rugged, mostly waterproof,and can usually regenerate itself.

Instructor Notes:PPT Slide 4


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e. Skin protects us from the sun and most harmfulelements.

f. Skin varies in thickness. Thinnest skin is on theeyelids, and thickest is on the soles and palms.

2. Name and describe the layers of skina. Epidermis

i. The outermost layerii. The thinnest layeriii. Forms a protective covering for the bodyiv. Sub layers:

1. Stratum corneum: also called thehorny layer. The cells combinewith a thin layer of oil to helpmake the stratum corneum aprotective, waterproof layer.

2. Stratum lucidum: clear,transparent layer through whichlight can pass.

3. Stratum granulosum: Cells looklike granules, and they are pushedto the surface to replace cells thatare shed.

4. Stratum germinativum: Thedeepest layer of epidermis,responsible for the growth of theepidermis. Contains dark skinpigment called melanin, whichprotects us from the UV rays ofthe sun.

b. Dermis

i. Under the epidermisii. About 25 times thicker than the epidermisiii. Connects the skin to tissues below it,

such as fat and muscleiv. Made up of two layers:

1. Papillary layer: Outer layer ofdermis, directly underneath theepidermis.

2. Reticular layer: Supplies the skinwith oxygen and nutrients.

c. Subcutaneous layeri. Fatty layer below the dermis

ii. Varies in thickness according to the age,sex, and general health of the individual

iii. Gives smoothness and contour to thebody

iv. Contains fats for use as energyv. Acts as a protective cushion for the outer

skin

PPT Slides 5-9

3. Name and describe the nerves of the skina. Motor nerve fibers: distributed to muscles

PPT Slide 10


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attached to the hair follicles. These muscles cancause goose bumps when someone is frightenedor cold.

b. Sensory nerve fibers: react to heat, cold, touch,pressure, and pain. These sensory receptorssend messages to the brain.

c. Secretory nerve fibers: distributed to the sweatand oil glands of the skin. They regulate theexcretion of perspiration from the sweat glandsand oil from the oil glands to the surface of theskin.

4. Name and describe the glands of the skina. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

i. Excrete sweat from the skinii. Almost all parts of the body have sweat

glandsiii. More numerous on the palms (we have

about 3,000 sweat glands per square inch

on our palms), soles, forehead, andarmpits

iv. Regulate body temperature and help toeliminate waste products from the body

v. Normally, one to two pints of liquidscontaining salts are eliminated dailythrough sweat pores in the skin

b. Sebaceous (oil) glandsi. Connected to the hair folliclesii. The glands secrete oil that lubricates the

skin and preserves the softness of thehair

iii. Found on all parts of the body except thepalms and soles

iv. Larger glands are located in the face andscalp

v. Normally, sebum flows through the oilducts to the hair follicles. When thesebum hardens, the duct becomesclogged and forms a blackhead

PPT Slides 11-13

5. List the functions of the integumentary systema. Protection:

i. Skin protects the body from injury andbacteria

ii. The outermost layer waterproof, and isresistant to temperature, minor injuries,chemically active substances, and manyforms of bacteria

b. Sensation:i. When sensory nerve ending are

stimulated, the skin responds to heat,cold, touch, pressure, and pain

ii. Stimulated sensory nerves send a

PPT Slides 14-20


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message to the brain, which makes usreact to the heat, cold, touch, pressure, orpain

c. Heat regulation:i. The skin protects the body from the

environment and helps maintain a 98.6

temperatureii. When the body is cold, the pours will

tighten (goose bumps), holding in heatiii. When the body is hot, perspiration will

cool the bodyd. Excretion

i. Perspiration from the sweat glands isexcreted through the skin, taking salt andother chemicals with it

e. Secretioni. Sebum, or oil, is secreted by the

sebaceous glands

ii. The oil lubricates the skin, keeping it softand flexible

iii. Oil keeps hair softiv. Emotional stress can increase the flow of

sebumf. Absorption

i. Absorption is limited, but can occur whenusing face creams

6. Explain why sweating is important to survivala. Sweating helps to lower body temperatureb. People without sweat glands can easily die of

heat stroke if exposed to high temperatures for

even a short period of time

PPT Slide 21

7. Explain how the skin helps to regulate bodytemperature

a. Temperature regulation is critical to survivalbecause changes in temperature affect thefunctioning of enzymes

b. Enzymes are critical for normal chemicalreactions to occur in cells

c. Death can occur from high fevers because theheat destroys the enzymes by breaking up theirchemical structure

d. When outside temperatures increase, skin

produces sweat which reduces body temperaturee. When outside temperatures decrease, blood

vessels in the dermis dilate to bring heat to thesurface to warm extremities

PPT Slide 22

8. Identify the factors that affect aging of the skina. Heredity has little to do with the overall aging of

skinb. The sun and ultraviolet rays

PPT Slides 23 - 25


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i. Approximately 80-85 percent of aging iscaused by sun rays

ii. UVA rays, also called aging raysweaken collagen and elastin fibers,causing wrinkling and sagging

iii. UVB rays, also called burning rays

cause tanning of the skinc. The environment

i. Pollutants in the air (auto exhaust,secondhand smoke, factory pollutants)affect the surface appearance of skin andchange the underlying cells and tissues,speeding up the aging process

d. Lifestylei. Smoking, drinking, taking drugs, and poor

diet affect skinii. Smoking causes premature wrinkling and

aging of the skin

iii. Drinking overdilates the blood vesselsand can cause red splotches in the skinand eyes

iv. Combining smoking with drinking can bedevastating to the skin tissue, and cancause irreversible damage

9. Name precautions clients can take to reduce skinaging

a. For protection from the sun:i. Wear a moisturizer or protective lotion

with a sunscreen of at least SPF 15 on allareas of potential exposure

ii. Avoid exposure to the sun during peakhours: usually between 10:00 a.m. and3:00 p.m.

iii. Apply sunscreen liberally after swimmingor any activity that results in heavyperspiration

iv. Avoid exposing children younger than sixmonths of age to the sun

v. Wear a hat and protective clothing ifprone to sunburn

vi. See a dermatologist for regular checkupsof the skin

vii. Perform home exams to check for newvisible growths to the skin

b. For protection from the environmenti. Follow a good daily skin care routine of

washing and exfoliating (removal of deadskin cells) at night

ii. Use daily moisturizers, protective lotions,and foundation

PPT Slides 26-28


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Application

Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Divide the class into small groups, and assign each group a set of key terms and definitions.

Have the students write their terms and definitions on index cards to be used for review. Divide each group into two teams and have each team quiz the other team on key terms

and definitions.

Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Have the students complete Miladys Standard Theory Workbook Skin Anatomy Section T-

123-T129. The students should not complete the Disorders of the Skin section for thislesson. The teacher can choose to assign a class grade for the work.

Summary

Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): PPT Slide 29 Have the students play the Build a Sandwich activity. See the activity instructions in the

Instructional Aids.

Evaluation

Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): The teacher will circulate through the room as students complete both guided and

independent practice activities to monitor/observe learning and provide redirection andindividual/small group reteach as required.

Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): Administer an objective test to students once they have completed all learning activities.

Use the test key to evaluate student performance on the test.

Extension

Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): Applying learning to future lessons/coursework.


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2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education 1

CosmetologyIntegumentary System

& Skin Anatomy

2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy 2

Performance Objective

Upon completion of this lesson, the

student will be able to describe theintegumentary system and its functions,and the anatomy of skin. The student willdemonstrate these competencies bycompleting a written test with a minimumof 80 percent accuracy.


Specific Objectives

Describe the integumentary system Name and describe the layers of skin Name and describe the nerves of the skin Name and describe the glands of the skin List the functions of the integumentary system Explain why sweating is important to survival Explain how the skin helps to regulate body

temperature

Identify the factors that affect aging of the skin Name precautions clients can take to reduce skin

aging2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy 4

The Integumentary System Comprised of skin, and appendages of skin:

hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands

Integument means covering, and the average adulthas approximately 3,000 square inches of skin

Skin weighs about 6 pounds, nearly twice theweight of the liver or brain

Skin is flexible and rugged, mostly waterproof, andcan usually regenerate itself

Skin protects us from the sun and most harmfulelements

Skin varies in thickness. Thinnest skin is on theeyelids; thickest skin is on the soles and palms.


The Layers of Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneouslayer


Epidermis

The outermost and thinnest layer

Forms a protective covering for the body

Sub-layers: Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum germinativum


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Sub-layers of Epidermis

Stratum corneum: also called the horny layer. Thecells combine with a thin layer of oil to help make

the stratum corneum a protective, waterproof layer. Stratum lucidum: clear, transparent layer through

which light can pass.

Stratum granulosum: Cells look like granules, andthey are pushed to the surface to replace cells thatare shed.

Stratum germinativum: The deepest layer ofepidermis, responsible for the growth of theepidermis. Contains dark skin pigment calledmelanin, which protects us from the UV rays of thesun.


Dermis

Under the epidermis

About 25 times thicker than the epidermis Connects the skin to tissues below it, such

as fat and muscle

Two layers:

Papillary layer: Outer layer of dermis,directly underneath the epidermis

Reticular layer: Supplies the skin withoxygen and nutrients


Subcutaneous Layer

Fatty layer below the dermis

Varies in thickness according to the age,sex, and general health of the individual

Gives smoothness and contour to thebody

Contains fats for use as energy

Acts as a protective cushion for the outerskin


Nerves of the Skin

Motor nerve fibers: distributed to musclesattached to the hair follicles. These muscles cancause goose bumps when someone is frightenedor cold.

Sensory nerve fibers: react to heat, cold, touch,pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors sendmessages to the brain.

Secretory nerve fibers: distributed to the sweatand oil glands of the skin. They regulate theexcretion of perspiration from the sweat glandsand oil from the oil glands to the surface of the

skin.


Glands of the Skin

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Sebaceous (oil) glands


Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

Excrete sweat from the skin

Almost all parts of the body have sweatglands

More numerous on the palms (we have about3,000 sweat glands per square inch on ourpalms), soles, forehead, and armpits

Regulate body temperature and help toeliminate waste products from the body

Normally, one to two pints of liquidscontaining salts are eliminated daily throughsweat pores in the skin


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Secretion

Sebum, or oil, is secreted by the sebaceous

glands The oil lubricates the skin, keeping it soft

and pliable

Oil keeps hair soft

Emotional stress can increase the flow of

sebum


Absorption

Absorption occurs on a limited basis

Absorption can occur with creams such ashormonal creams that are absorbed when

applied to the skin


Why is Sweating Important?

Sweating helps to lower body temperature

People without sweat glands can easily die

of heat stroke if exposed to high

temperatures for even a short period of time


How the Skin Regulates

Body Temperature

Temperature regulation is critical to survival becausechanges in temperature affect the functioning ofenzymes

Enzymes are critical for normal chemical reactions tooccur in cells

Death can occur from high fevers because the heatdestroys the enzymes by breaking up their chemicalstructure

When outside temperatures increase, skin producessweat which reduces body temperature

When outside temperatures decrease, blood vessels in

the dermis dilate to bring heat to the surface to warmextremities


Factors that Affect

Aging of the Skin

Heredity has little to do with the overall aging of

skin!

Factors that affect the skin:

The sun and ultraviolet rays

The environment

Lifestyle


Sun and the Environment

The sun and ultraviolet rays:

Approximately 80-85 percent of aging is caused bysun rays

UVA rays (also called aging rays) weaken collagen

and elastin fibers, causing wrinkling and sagging UVB rays (also called burning rays) cause tanning

of the skin

The environment

Pollutants in the air (auto exhaust, secondhandsmoke, factory pollutants) affect the surfaceappearance of skin and change the underlying cellsand tissues, speeding up the aging process


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Lifestyle

Smoking, drinking, taking drugs, and poor diet

Smoking causes premature wrinkling and agingof the skin

Drinking overdilates the blood vessels and cancause red splotches in the skin and eyes

Combining smoking with drinking can bedevastating to the skin tissue, and can causeirreversible damage

Poor diet prevents us from having propervitamins and nutrients necessary formaintaining healthy skin


Precautions to Reduce

Skin Aging

Protection from the sun:

Wear a moisturizer or protective lotion with asunscreen of at least SPF 15 on all areas ofpotential exposure

Avoid exposure to the sun during peak hours:usually between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.

Apply sunscreen liberally after swimming orany activity that results in heavy perspiration

Avoid exposing children younger than sixmonths of age to the sun



Skin Aging (2)

Protection from the sun:

Wear a hat and protective clothing if prone to

sunburn

See a dermatology for regular checkups of the

skin

Perform home exams to check for new visible

growths to the skin



Skin Aging (3)

Protection from the environment:

Follow a good daily skin care routine of

washing and exfoliating (removal of dead skin

cells) at night

Use daily moisturizers, protective lotions, and

foundation


Summary

A cosmetologist who has a thorough

understanding of the skin, its structure, and

its functions is in a better position to give

clients professional advice on scalp, facial,and hand care.


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Cosmetology I: Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Build A Sandwich Activity2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education

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Build a Sandwich Activity Instructions

Note: The preparation for this activity can be completed by students ahead oftime.

Divide the students into small groups of four to eight students. Determine howmany total groups are created. Each group is to receive small samples of RiceKrispies, Corn Flakes, and Fruit Loops in separate snack bags. Each group willalso be issued a small packet of honey, 1 slice of bread, 1 soft flour tortilla, 1paper plate, and one plastic knife. The group leader will receive a pair ofdisposable plastic gloves and each student will receive paper towels.

After the groups have been assigned and the group leader determined,announce that you are going to give instructions on how to build your favoritesandwich by completing the following steps:

1. Ask each group leader to place the slide of bread on their paper plate.2. The second layer of the sandwich is the Fruit Loops cereal.3. The third layer of the sandwich is the Rice Krispies cereal.4. The fourth layer is the coating of honey.5. The next layer is the Corn Flakes cereal.6. Instruct participants to add the last ingredient: the tortilla.7. Review the items used to build the sandwich.8. Display the layers of the skin and relate the layers of the skin to the layers

represented in the sandwich.9. Give permission for each group to cut their sandwich and divide it among

all participants for a sampling of the dermatological sandwich!


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Cosmetology I: Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Exam Key2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education

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Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy Exam Answer Key

Select the best answer for each question. Mark an x in the box next to yourselection or fill in the correct answer.

1. Name the three layers of the skin and which layer is on the outmost, the middle,and innermost. (6 possible points) Objective #2

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

2. Match the sub layers of skin with the correct description. (1 point for each correctanswer) Objective #2

____ Stratum corneum A. Outer layer of dermis, directly underneath theepidermis

____ Stratum lucidum B. Supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients.

____ Stratum granulosum C. The cells combine with a thin layer of oil to helpmake this layer a protective, waterproof layer.

____ Stratum germinativum D. The deepest layer of epidermis, responsible forthe growth of the epidermis.

____ Papillary layer E. Cells look like granules, and they are pushedto the surface to replace cells that are shed.

____ Reticular layer F. A clear, transparent layer through which lightcan pass.

3. Integument means covering. (5 points) Objective #1

True False

C

F

D

E

B

A

Epidermis: Outermost layerDermis: Under the epidermis, middle layerSubcutaneous layer: Innermost layer, below the dermis


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4. Which of the following is not true about the integumentary system?(5 points) Objective #1

The average adults skin weighs about 6 pounds The thickest skin on our body is on our face

Skin is flexible and rugged The thinnest skin is on our eyelids

5. Write the word from the choices below next to the correct definition. Words will beused more than once. (1 point for each correct answer)Objectives # 3 and 4

Motor nerve fibers Sensory nerve fibersSecretory nerve fibers Sebaceous glandsSudoriferous glands

_________________ Connected to the hair follicles

_________________ Excrete sweat from the skin

_________________ Regulate body temperature and help to eliminate wasteproducts from the body

_________________ Can cause goose bumps when someone is frightened orcold

_________________ Send messages to the brain that cause us to react

_________________ Secrete oil that lubricates the skin and preserves thesoftness of the hair

_________________ Regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweatglands and oil from the oil glands to the surface of theskin

_________________ Cause us to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain

_________________ Distributed to the sweat and oil glands of the skin

_________________ Distributed to muscles attached to the hair follicles

Sebaceous glandsSudoriferous glandsSudoriferous glands

Motor nerve fibers

Sensory nerve fibers

Sebaceous glands

Secretory nerve fibers

Secretory nerve fibersSensory nerve fibers

Motor nerve fibers


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6. List the functions of the integumentary system. (1 point for each correct answer)Objective #5

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

7. Sweating helps lower body temperature, and people without sweat glands can die

of heat stroke. (5 points) Objective #6

True False

8. Which part of the skin gives smoothness and contour to the body? (5 points)Objective #2

Stratum corneum Subcutaneous layer Stratum lucidum Reticular layer

9. Heredity is the biggest factor in the overall aging of skin. (5 points) Objective #8

True False

10. Which of the following factors significantly affect aging of the skin? (Check all thatapply) (1 point for each correct answer) Objective #8

Sun and UV rays Pollutants in the air Cold temperatures Drinking Smoking Hereditary

Protection

Sensation

Heat regulation

Excretion

Secretion

Absorption


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11. Name three precautions clients can take to reduce skin aging. (1 point for eachcorrect answer) Objective #9

Any of the following are correct answers:

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

12. The skin helps regulate body temperature by producing sweat when we are hotand dilating blood vessels in the skin when we are cold. (5 points) Objective #7

True False

Wear sunscreen of at least SPF 15

Wash and moisturize daily

Wear a hat or wear protective clothing

See a dermatologist regularly

Check for new visible growth on the skin

Avoid exposing children younger than 6 months to the sun

Avoid exposure to the sun during peak hours


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Cosmetology I: Integumentary System and Skin Anatomy Exam2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education

1

Integumentary System & Skin Anatomy Exam

Select the best answer for each question. Mark an x in the box next to yourselection or fill in the correct answer.

1. Name the three layers of the skin and which layer is on the outmost, themiddle, and innermost. (6 possible points)

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

2. Match the sub layers of skin with the correct description. (1 point for eachcorrect answer)

____ Stratum corneum A. Outer layer of dermis, directlyunderneath the epidermis

____ Stratum lucidum B. Supplies the skin with oxygen andnutrients.

____ Stratum granulosum C. The cells combine with a thin layer of oilto help make this layer a protective,

waterproof layer.

____ Stratum germinativum D. The deepest layer of epidermis,responsible for the growth of theepidermis.

____ Papillary layer E. Cells look like granules, and they arepushed to the surface to replace cellsthat are shed.

____ Reticular layer F. A clear, transparent layer through which

light can pass.

3. Integument means covering. (5 points)

True False


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4. Which of the following is not true about the integumentary system?(5 points)

The average adults skin weighs about 6 pounds The thickest skin on our body is on our face

Skin is flexible and rugged The thinnest skin is on our eyelids

5. Write the word from the choices below next to the correct definition. Wordswill be used more than once. (1 point for each correct answer)

Motor nerve fibers Sensory nerve fibersSecretory nerve fibers Sebaceous glandsSudoriferous glands

_________________ Connected to the hair follicles

_________________ Excrete sweat from the skin

_________________ Regulate body temperature and help to eliminatewaste products from the body

_________________ Can cause goose bumps when someone isfrightened or cold

_________________ Send messages to the brain that cause us to react

_________________ Secrete oil that lubricates the skin and preservesthe softness of the hair

_________________ Regulate the excretion of perspiration from thesweat glands and oil from the oil glands to thesurface of the skin

_________________ Cause us to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure,and pain

_________________ Distributed to the sweat and oil glands of the skin

_________________ Distributed to muscles attached to the hair follicles


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11. Name three precautions clients can take to reduce skin aging. (1 point foreach correct answer)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

12. The skin helps regulate body temperature by producing sweat when we arehot and by dilating blood vessels in the skin when we are cold. (5 points)

True False

Documents

Integ Sys All