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Instalacije industrijskih komunikacija

Tehničko veleučilište u ZagrebuProgram stručnog usavršavanja ovlaštenih artihekata i inženjera

XII tečajDavor Gadže11.02.2012.

Instalacije

• Za bakrene vodiče

• Zaštita od fizičkog oštećenja

• Zaštita od elektromagnetskih smetnji

– Razmak

– Križanja

• Oklapanje

• Za optičke vodiče

• Zaštita od fizičkog oštećenja

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Instalacije

• Žičani kanali, ljestvičasti kanali, perforirane police

• Grupiranje naponskih nivoa

• Postavljanje u više slojeva

• Popunjenost polica – zavoji i križanja

• Poklapanje

• Pregrađivanje

Industrijske?

• Residental – industrial

• Razlikuju se po mogućnosti izlaganja:

– Prašini

– Vlazi

– Temperaturi

– Mehaničkim oštećenjima

– Elektromagnetskim smetnjama

• Definirane standardima

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Povijesni pregled

Zahtjevi na komunikacijepropusnost, latencija

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ISO/OSI referentni model

Što je to OSI ?

• • ISO - International Organization for Standardization

• • Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

• • 1974.

• • 7 slojeva

• • omogućava sklapanje komunikacijskog lancaod modula različitih proizvođača

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Komunikacijski protokoli industrijske automatizacije

• DF-1

• FOUNDATION fieldbus - H1 & HSE

• Profibus - by PROFIBUS International.

• PROFINET IO

• CC-Link Industrial Networks - Supported by the CLPA

• ControlNet - an implementation of CIP, originally by Allen-Bradley

• DeviceNet - an implementation of CIP, originally by Allen-Bradley

• DirectNet - Koyo / Automation Direct proprietary, yet documented PLC interface

• EtherNet/IP - IP stands for "Industrial Protocol". An implementation of CIP, originally created by Rockwell Automation

• Ethernet Powerlink - an open protocol managed by the Ethernet POWERLINK Standardization Group (EPSG).

• EtherCAT

• Interbus, Phoenix Contact's protocol for communication over serial links, now part of PROFINET IO

• HART Protocol

• Modbus RTU or ASCII or TCP

• Modbus Plus

• Ethernet Global Data (EGD) - GE Fanuc PLCs (see also SRTP)

• FINS, Omron's protocol for communication over several networks, including ethernet.

• HostLink Protocol, Omron's protocol for communication over serial links.

• Optomux - Serial (RS-422/485) network protocol originally developed by Opto 22 in 1982. The protocol was openly documented and over time used for industrial automation applications.

• Honeywell SDS - Smart Distributed System - Originally developed by Honeywell. Currently supported by Holjeron.

• SERCOS interface, Open Protocol for hard real-time control of motion and I/O

• SERCOS III, Ethernet-based version of SERCOS real-time interface standard

• GE SRTP - GE Fanuc PLCs

• Sinec H1 - Siemens

• SynqNet - Danaher

• TTEthernet - TTTech

• PieP - An Open Fieldbus Protocol

• BSAP - Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol, developed by Bristol Babcock Inc.

• RAPIEnet - Real-time Automation Protocols for Industrial Ethernet

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Komunikacijski protokoli zgradarstva• 1-Wire - from Dallas/Maxim

• BACnet - for building automation, designed by committee ASHRAE.

• S-Bus

• C-Bus

• CC-Link Industrial Networks, supported by Mitsubishi Electric

• DALI

• DSI

• Dynet

• Konnex (KNX) - previously AHB/EIB

• LonTalk - protocol for LonWorks technology by Echelon Corporation

• Modbus RTU or ASCII or TCP

• oBIX

• xAP - Open protocol

• ZigBee - Open protocol

Komunikacijski protokoli u mjerenjima• DLMS/IEC 62056

• ANSI C12.18

• IEC 61107

• Modbus

• M-Bus

• ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0

• IEC 61850

• IEC 60870-5

• DNP3 - Distributed Network Protocol

• Modbus

• Profibus

• IEC 62351 - Security for IEC 60870, 61850, DNP3 & ICCP protocols

Komunikacijski protokoli u energetici

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Podjela industrijskih komunikacija

Fieldbus Developer (Zemlja) Predstavljen Standard

ARCNET Datapoint (U.S.) 1977 ANSI ATA 878 (1999)

ASi Industry and university 1991 EN 50295-2 (1998, 2002)

consortium (Germany) IEC 62026-2 (2000)

Bitbus Intel (U.S.) 1983 ANSI IEEE 1118 (1990)

CC-Link Mitsubishi (Japan) 1996 — (open spec)

CANopen CAN in Automation (user 1995 (početak EN 50325-4 (2002)

group, Germany) razvoja 1993)

ControlNet Allen-Bradley (U.S.) 1996 EN 50170-A3 (2000)

DeviceNet Allen-Bradley (U.S.) 1994 EN 50325-2 (2000)

FF Fieldbus Foundation 1995 (početak BSI DD 238 (1996)

(industry consortium, U.S.) razvoja 1994) EN 50170-A1 (2000)

Hart Rosemount (U.S.) 1986 — (open spec)

Interbus-S Phoenix Contact (Germany) 1987 (početak DIN 19258 (1993)

razvoja 1983) EN 50254-2 (1998)

MAP General Motors (U.S.) 1982 (početak MAP 1.0 (1982)

razvoja 1980) MAP 2.0 (1985)

MAP 3.0 (1988)

MMS ISO TC 184 1986 ISO/IEC 9506 (1988, 2000)

Modbus Gould, Modicon (U.S.) 1979 — (open spec)

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Fieldbus Developer (Zemlja) Predstavljen Standard

PDV-Bus Industry and university 1979 (početak DIN 19241 (1982)

consortium (Germany) razvoja 1972)

P-NET PROCES-DATA (Denmark) 1983 DS 21906 (1990)

EN 50170-1 (1996)

PROWAY C IEC TC 65 1986 (početak ISA S72.01 (1985)

razvoja 1975) IEC 60955 (1989)

Profibus Industry and university 1989 (početak FMS: DIN 19245-1 and -2 (1991)

consortium (Germany) razvoja 1984) DP: DIN 19245-3 (1993)

PA: DIN 19245-4 (1995)

FMS/DP: EN 50170-2 (1996)

DP: EN 50254-3 (1998)

PA: EN 50170-A2 (2000)

SDS Honeywell (U.S.) 1994 EN 50325-3 (2000)

Sercos Industry consortium 1989 (početak IEC 61491 (1995)

(Germany) razvoja 1986) EN 61491 (1998)

Seriplex APC, Inc. (U.S.) 1990 IEC 62026-6 (2000)

SINEC L2 Siemens (Germany) 1992 —

SP50 ISA SP 50 (U.S.) 1993 ISA SP 50 (1993)

Fieldbus Industry and university 1987 (početakAFNOR NF C46601-7 (1989–1992)

(World)FIP consortium (France) razvoja 1982) EN 50170-3 (1996)

DWF: AFNOR NF C46638 (1996)

DWF: EN 50254-4 (1998)

Fieldbus Developer (Zemlja) Predstavljen Standard

BACnet ASHRAE SPC135P (industry 1991 ANSI/ASHRAE 135 (1995)

consortium, U.S.) ENV 1805-1 (1998)

ENV 13321-1 (1999)

ISO 16484-5 (2003)

Batibus Industry consortium 1987AFNOR NF 46621-3 and -9 (1991)

(France) ENV 13154-2 (1998)

CEBus Industry consortium (U.S.) 1984 ANSI EIA 600 (1992)

EHS Industry consortium 1987 ENV 13154-2 (1998)

(Europe)

EIB Industry consortium 1990 AFNOR NFC 46624-8 (1991)

(Germany) DIN V VDE 0829 (1992)

ENV 13154-2 (1998)

HBS Industry consortium (Japan) 1986 (početak EIAJ/REEA ET2101

razvoja 1981)

LonWorks Echelon (U.S.) 1991 ANSI EIA 709 (1999)

ENV 13154-2 (1998)

Sigma I ABB (Germany) 1983 —

X10 Pico Electronics (U.K.) 1978 (početak —

razvoja 1975)

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Usporedba protokola na fizičkom nivou

Pasivna oprema

• Kabeli: FO, coax, TP

– TP

• cijena

– Coax

• Coax

• Za visoke brzine

• dobra zaštita od elektromagnetskih smetnji

– FO

• za surovu industrijsku okolinu

• Za velike daljine

• Konektori, RJ45, RJ11, DB9, DB25, IP21, IP67

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TP – električni standardi

• RS232

– Naponski prijenos signala

– Za kratke udaljenosti (do 15m)

• RS422

– Strujni prijenos signala

– Full duplex, 4 žice, 2xTP

• RS485

– Strujni prijenos signala

– Half duplex, 2 žice, 1xTP

TOPOLOGIJE

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Aktivna oprema

• Repeater, bridge, router, switch

Potencijal mase

• Velik problem kod velikih udaljenosti i spajanja dvaju energetskih postrojenja

• Oklapanje nužno

• U pravilu oklop se spaja samo na početku

• U praksi začudo funkcionira nekada i suprotno

• U energetici se na kraj spaja kondenzator

• Preporuka: polaganje 25mm2 paralelno signalnim kabelima

• Najbolje: galvansko odvajanje – optika

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IP67 RJ45 konektori

Cat5, 6, 7, TP, FTP, STP, SFTP

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Ravni ili križaniCrossover, straight

Kontakt -568A par.br. -568B par.br. -568A boja -568B (AT&T 258A) boja

1 (Tx+) 3 2bijelo/zeleno bijelo/narančasto

2 (Tx−) 3 2zeleno/bijelonarančasto/bijelo

3 (Rx+) 2 3bijelo/narančasto bijelo/zeleno

4 1 1plavo/bijelo plavo/bijelo

5 1 1bijelo/plavo bijelo/plavo

6 (Rx−) 2 3narančasto/bijeloe zeleno/bijelo

7 4 4bijelo/smeđe bijelo/smeđe

8 5 4smeđe/bijelo smeđe/bijelo

RJ11, DB9, DB25

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Fiber Optics

• SC

• ST

• LC

Lireratura

• The industrial communication technology handbook / Richard Zurawski, ISBN 0-8493-3077-7, CRC Press, 2005

• Introduction to industrial communication networks, Schneider electric, JAI conference, 2005

• Future trends in process automation, Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä-Jounela, Annual Reviews in Control 31 (2007) 211–220

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automation_protocols