Inspection and certificate

Ultrasonic examination:

A nondestructive method in which beams of high-frequency sound waves that are introduced into the material being inspected are used to detect surface and subsurface flaws. The sound waves travel through the material with some attendant loss of energy and are reflected at interfaces. The reflected beam is detected and analyzed to define the presence and location of flaws. Ultrasonic examination is used in piping for the detection of inner defects.

Magnetic particle examination: Magnetic particle examination is essentially a surface-type examination, alt-hough some imperfections just below the surface are detectable. This type of examination is limited to materials which can be magnetized (paramagnetic materials), since it relies on the lines of force within a magnetic field. It is used in detection of surface or subsurface defects.

Eddy currents

This is a nondestructive testing method in which eddy current flow is induced in the test object. Changes in the flow caused by variations in the object are reflected into a nearby coil or coils for subsequent analysis by suitable instru-mentation and techniques. It is used in detection of surface or subsurface defects.

Hydrostatic pressure Hydrostatic testing is the preferred leak-testing method and perhaps the most often used. Usually hydrostatic test involves water at ambient temperature as the test medium. This requires a test pressure of 1.5 times the design pressure.

According with ASTM A530, The pressure calculation formula

P=2St/D P = hydrostatic test pressure in MPa,

S = pipe wall stress in MPa,

t = specified nominal wall thickness, nominal wall thickness in mm

D = specified outside diameter in mm

EN 10204 Document type Document content Validated by

Type 2.1 Declaration of compli-ance with the order

Statement of compliance with the order

the manufacturer

Type 2.2 Test report statement of compliance with the order, with indication of re-sults of nonspecific inspection

the manufacturer

Type 3.1 Inspection Certificate 3.1

statement of compliance with the order, with indication of re-sults of specific inspection

the manufacturer's authorized inspection rep-resentative independent of the manufacturing department

Type 3.2 Inspection Certificate 3.2

statement of compliance with the order, with indication of re-sults of specific inspection

the manufacturer's authorized inspection rep-resentative independent of the manufacturing department and either the purchaser's author-ized inspection representative or the inspector designated by the official regulations

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