Insel11e_ppt09 Abuse Pschyoactive Drugs

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2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 9


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A drug which alters a persons experiences orconsciousness

Can cause intoxications

A state in which sometimes unpredictable physical andemotional changes occur.

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Habits that have gotten out of control, with aresulting negative effect on a persons health.

Addiction is the habitual use of a drug producedchemical changes in the users body.

Drug Addiction (four important characteristics)1. Compulsive desire

2. Need to increase the dosage

3. Harmful effects to the individual4. Harm to society

Drug Habituation (habit)

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Reinforcement

Compulsion or Craving

Loss of Control

Escalation Negative Consequences

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Often starts to bring pleasure or to avoid pain.

Harmless or even beneficial if done in moderation

Examples of addictive behaviors:

Gambling Compulsive Exercising

Work Addiction

Sex and love addiction

Compulsive buying or shopping Internet addiction

Characteristics of people with addition

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Drugs are chemicals other than food that are intendedto affect the structure or function of the body Prescription medicines

Over-the-counter substances Caffeine

Tobacco

Alcohol

Illegal substances

The Drug Tradition

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The APAs Diagnostics and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders authoritative reference

Abuse APA definition

Failure to fulfill major responsibilities

Drug use in situations that are hazardous

Drug related legal problems

Drug use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems Physically dependent may or may not present

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Substance dependence1. Developing tolerance to the substance

2. Experiencing withdrawal

3. Taking in larger amounts

4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down

5. Spending great deal of time obtaining

6. Giving up or reducing important activities

7. Continual usage even with recognition of aproblem

Diagnosed with at least 3 or more symptomsduring a 12-month period

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All income and education levels

All ethnic groups

All ages

Young people are at a higher risk

Males (Twice as likely) Troubled adolescent

Thrill-seeker

Dysfunctional families

Peer group or family that accepts Low Socioeconomical status

Dating young

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Experiment

Escape

Reliance

Magnification of residence

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Psychological risks Difficulty in controlling impulses Strong need for excitement Feelings of rejection

Hostility Aggression Anxiety Mental illness

Dual (co-occurring disorders)

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Social Factors Growing up in a family with drug abuse

Peer group

Poverty

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Intoxication

Side effects

Unknown Drug constituents

Risks associated with injection drug use Legal consequences

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Changes in Brain chemistry

Drug factors: Pharmacological properties Dose-Response function Time-action function Drug use history Method of use

User Factors Social Factors

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Chapter NinePsychoactive Drugs 17



Opioids (narcotics) Natural or synthetic

Opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine,.Hydrocodone, oxycodone, meperidine, and fentanly

Induce euphoria Methods of administration

Injection, snorting, sniffing or smoking

Symptoms of overdose

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Central Nervous System Depressants Slow down the overall activity of the CNS Sedative-hypnotics Types Effects

Effects on the body

Medical uses From use to abuse

Overdosing

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Speed up the activity of the nervous or muscularsystem

Cocaine

Methods of use Effects

Abuse and Dependence

Use during pregnancy

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Amphetamines Effects

From use to abuse State dependence

Dependence psychosis

Ritalin

Ephedrine

Caffeine

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Cannabis Sativa THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

Short term effects and uses Depersonalization

Long-term effects and uses Respiratory damage

Dependence

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Altered state of consciousness, perceptions, feelingsand thoughts

LSD, Mascaline, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, PCP (angeldust), and certain mushrooms Altered states of consciousness Impact on proprioception

Synesthia

Flashbacks

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Nearly all inhalants produce effects similar to those ofanesthetics, slow down the bodies functions

Volatile solvents Nitrates

Anesthetics Methods of use

Sniffing Snorting Bagging

Huffing

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Drug research

Drugs, society, and families

Legalization

Drug Testing

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Medication-assisted treatment Drug substitution

Treatment centers

Self-help groups and peer counseling AA

NA

Harm reduction strategies

Codependency

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Governmental attemptsAnti-drug education programs Indirect approaches

Young peoples self-esteem

Improve academic skills Increase recreational opportunities

Direct approaches Information about the adverse effects Peer pressure resistance

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Issues What are the risks involved?

Is using the drug compatible with your goals?

What are your ethical beliefs about drug use?

What are the financial costs?

Are you trying to solve deeper problem?

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Bored? Stressed? Shy or lonely? Feeling low on self-esteem? Depressed or anxious?Apathetic or lethargic? Searching for meaning?Afraid to say no? Still feeling peer pressure?

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Chapter 9

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Insel11e_ppt09 Abuse Pschyoactive Drugs