Input/Output Design

- Physical design of output reports and input forms

System Boundary

Output-design Objectives

• Serve the intended purpose

• Deliver the right quantity of output

• Deliver it to the right place

• Provide output on time

Types of Outputs

• Internal outputs stay inside the system to support the system's users and managers– Detailed, Summary, Exception reports

• External outputs leave the system to trigger actions on the part of their recipients or confirm actions to their recipients – Turnaround outputs are those which are

typically implemented as a report eventually re-enters the system as an input

Internal Outputs• Detailed Reports:

– Present information with little or no filtering or restrictions.

– Some detailed reports are historical in nature.

– Detailed reports confirm and document the successful processing of transactions and serve as an audit trail for subsequent management inquiry.

• Summary Reports:– Categorizes information for managers

• Exception Reports:– Filter data before it is presented to the manager as information.

– Exception reports only report exceptions to some condition or

standard.

Detailed Reports

Summary Reports

Exceptional Reports

External Outputs

• External outputs leave the system to trigger actions on the part of their recipients or confirm actions to their recipients – Turnaround outputs are those which are

typically implemented as a report eventually re-enters the system as an input

S o u n d S t a g e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C l u bF a x 3 1 7 - 4 9 4 - 0 9 9 9

T h e f o l l o w i n g n u m b e r m u s t a p p e a r o n a l l r e l a t e d c o r r e s p o n d e n c e ,s h i p p i n g p a p e r s , a n d i n v o i c e s :P . O . N U M B E R : 7 1 2 8 1 2

T o : S h i p T o :S o u n d S t a g e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C l u b S o u n d S t a g e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C l u b2 6 2 5 D a r w i n D r i v e S h i p p i n g / R e c e i v i n g S t a t i o nI n d i a n a p o l i s , I N 4 5 2 1 3 B u i l d i n g A

2 6 3 0 D a r w i n D r i v eI n d i a n a p o l i s , I N 4 5 2 1 3

P . O . D A T E R E Q U I S I T I O N E R S H I P V I A F . O . B . P O I N T T E R M S

5 - 3 - 9 6 l d b u p s N 3 0

Q T Y D E S C R I P T I O N U N I T P R I C E T O T A L

1 0 0 0 0 P o w d e r - V H S 1 9 . 9 9 1 9 9 , 9 0 0 . 0 0

5 0 0 0 N o w a n d T h e n - V H S 1 5 . 9 5 7 9 , 7 5 0 . 0 0

2 5 0 0 P u l p F i c t i o n S o u n d t r a c k - C D 7 . 9 9 1 9 , 9 7 5 . 0 0

4 5 0 U 2 o n T o u r - T - s h i r t 3 . 4 9 1 , 5 7 0 . 5 0

S u b t o t a l 3 0 1 , 1 9 5 . 5 0

T a x 1 5 , 0 5 9 . 7 7

T o t a l 3 1 6 , 2 5 5 . 2 7

1 . P l e a s e s e n d t w o c o p i e s o f y o u r i n v o i c e .

2 . E n t e r t h i s o r d e r i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i c e s , t e r m s , d e l i v e r y m e t h o d , a n ds p e c i f i c a t i o n s l i s t e d a b o v e .

3 . P l e a s e n o t i f y u s i m m e d i a t e l y i f y o u a r e u n a b l e t o s h i p a s s p e c i f i e d .

M a d g e W o r t h y 5 - 4 - 9 6A u t h o r i z e d b y D a t e

External Output

I n v o i c e N o . 3 0 1 2 3 1

N a m e C a r l i n a S m i t h D a t e 7 / 2 1 / 9 7A d d r e s s 3 0 1 9 D u r o c D r i v e O r d e r N o . 3 4 6 9 1 0C i t y L i t t l e R o c k S t a t e A R Z I P 4 2 6 5 3P h o n e 5 0 2 - 4 3 0 - 4 5 4 5 P a y m e n t A m t

D e t a c h a n d r e t u r n t o p p o r t i o n w i t h p a y m e n t

Q t y D e s c r i p t i o n U n i t P r i c e T O T A L1 S t a r W a r s - E m p i r e S t r i k e s B a c k V H S $ 1 9 . 9 9 $ 1 9 . 9 91 E r i c C l a p t o n U n p l u g g e d C D $ 1 3 . 9 9 $ 1 3 . 9 91 A l l a d i n V H S $ 1 7 . 9 5 $ 1 7 . 9 5

S u b T o t a l $ 5 1 . 9 3S h i p p i n g & H a n d l i n g $ 7 . 0 0

C a s h T a x e s $ 2 . 9 5 C h e c k C r e d i t C a r d T O T A L $ 6 1 . 8 8

N a m e C C # O f f i c e U s e O n l y

E x p i r e s

R E T U R N T O P P O R T I O N W I T H P A Y M E N T

S o u n d S t a g e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C l u b2 6 3 0 D a r w i n D r i v e - B l d g BI n d i a n a p o l i s , I N 4 5 2 1 33 1 7 - 4 9 6 - 0 9 9 8 f a x 3 1 7 - 4 9 4 - 0 9 9 9 I N V O I C E

P a y m e n t D e t a i l s

C u s t o m e r

P l e a s e r e t u r n t o p p o r t i o n i n v o i c e w i t h p a y m e n t . M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b l e t o : S o u n d S t a g e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C l u b .

Turnaround Output

Output Media• Paper – tabular, zone output

• Screen – graphic output

• Point-of-Sale (POS) terminal

• Video/Audio

• Email

• Hyperlink

Sample Report Prototype

Example of Graphic Output

Web based Output

System User Issues for Output Design

• Be simple to read and interpret.– Be dated and time-stamped.

– Include sections and headings

– Only required information should be displayed

– Computer jargon and error messages should be omitted

Input Design

Input Methods

• Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Screen

• Point-of-Sale (ATM)

• Sound, Speech

• Optical Mark (OMR, Barcode)

• Smart card

• Biometric

Taxonomy

• Data capture– the identification and acquisition of new data

• Data entry – the process of translating data into a computer-

readable format

• Data processing

Data Entry / Processing

• Batch input– Key-to-disk (KTD) and key-to-tape (KTT)

• On-line input– graphical user interface (GUI)

• Remote batch

Trends in Automatic Data Collection Technology

• Biometric ADC (automatic data capture)• Electromagnetic (radio)• Optical (Bar coding )

– optical-mark reader (OMR) or optical-character reader (OCR)

• Smart Cards• Touch

System User Issues for Input Design

• Capture only variable data.

• Do not capture data that can be calculated or stored in computer programs.

• Use codes for appropriate attributes.

Suggestions for capture data

1. Include instructions for completing the form

2. Minimize the amount of handwriting

3. Data to be entered should be sequenced so that it can be read like book, top to bottom and left to right

4. When possible, use design based on known metaphors

Use Known Metaphors

Internal Controls for Inputs

• To ensure that the data input to the computer is accurate and that the system is protected against accidental and intentional errors and abuse, including fraud

• Completeness checks

• Limit and range checks

• Combination checks

How to Prototype & Design Computer Inputs

• Step 1: Review Input Requirements

• Step 2: Select the GUI Controls

• Step 3: Prototype the Input Screen

• Step 4: If Necessary, Design or Prototype the Source Document

Review Input Requirement

Prototype the Input Screen

Well-designed Source Document

Web-based Input Prototype for Web Shopping Cart