Ingemar Quintero Presentation

7/28/2019 Ingemar Quintero Presentation

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Ingemar QuinteroChemical Engineer

I.D. Quintero1, M.A. Rodríguez2, J.A. Sorrentino3.

DEMULSIFIER-FREE SLOP-OIL EMULSION DESTABILIZATION

Keywords: Slop-Oil Pits, Water-in-Oil emulsions,

Electrostatic dehydration, coalescense, Coalescer media,

Treatment Cell; Electrode Geometry; Optical microscope.

Central University Of Venezuela

Mechanical Separation Lab

UCV –FIUCV-EIQ- LSM-WOSS




Slop-Oil Pits Emulsion Estability CoalescenceElectrostatic separation

Slop-Oil Pits – Orinoco Oil Belt - Venezuela

Problem Description

Work hypothesis: DEMUSIFIER-FREE SLOP-OIL EMULSION DESTABILIZATION

Electrical field has an destabilizing effect itself and not just a coalescence

acceleration consequence (like a centrifuge) and that some synergistic

effects are possible introducing coalescence promoters.




Methodology

Microscope

Observation Cell

“THREE LEVELS” : Three cells with emphasis on volumen increase,

batch and continuos.

Batch

Cell

Preliminary

ContinuosCell




Results on Microscope Cell

Direct Current (DC)

Acema-100

DC

Sample volume: 2.25 mm3

Before…

After…

Microscope Observation Cell

Sampling zone




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 2 4 6

ø

W

( 4 0 µ m ) , ( % )

E, (KV/cm)

Acema-100


Alter Current (AC)

Acema-100

AC

Sample volume: 2.25 mm3

Before…

After …

Microscope Observation Cell

Sampling zone





D50 (µm): Droplet diameter for a 25 % accumulate water fraction.

W (%): Approximately total water content.

DF: Destabilization Factor. DC AC




Results on Batch Cell

- +

Zones for image capture

Acema-100

E: 2 KV/cm

DC

Sample volume: 150 mm3

Sampling zones

Results on Batch Cell:

E l e c t r o d

e

E l e c t r o d e





- +

Acema-100

E: 2 KV/cm

AC


Sampling zones

Results on Batch Cell:

E l e c t r o d

e

E l e c t r o d e

Acema-100

E: 2 KV/cm


X A, (µm)

F 2

( X A

) , ( - )

F 2

( X A

) , ( - )

X A, (µm)

N

M

P

Original

N

M

P

Original

DC: 2 KV/cm AC: 6 KV/cm

Current type application effect – Batch Cell

F2(X A): Cumulative distribution.

X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter




Sampling zones

Acema-100E: 2 KV/cm


Microscope Cell and Batch Cell Comparison


Destabilization Factor / DC – AC / Sampling zones

Negative electrode

zoneMiddle zone Positive electrode

zoneGlobal

D F

( - )

X A, (µm) X A, (µm)

F 2

( X A

) , ( - )

F 2

( X A

) , ( - )

Batch Cell

Batch Cell

Original

Microscope Cell

Microscope CellOriginal

F2(X A): Cumulative distribution.

AC DC

X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter.




Slop-Oil Sample Density

Acema-100 (g/ml) 0.95

°API 17.0

Guara-2 (g/ml) 0.98

°API 12.5

Merey-31(g/ml) 0.98

°API 12.3

Results on preliminary Continuous Cell

Three Samples:

- Acema-100

- Guara-2

- Merey-31

Slop-Oil Samples Water content (% v/v)

Acema-100 37

Guara-2 38

Merey-31 16

cP

Temperature (°C)

Viscosity:

Guara-2 Acema-100 Merey-31

Weight fraction (%)

S.A.R.A. Analisis:

F 2

( X A

) , ( - )

X A, (µm)

F2(X A): Cumulative fraction.

X A, (µm): Water droplet diameter

Drop size distribution:




Sample recolector

Continuos system scheme:

Thermical resistanceSample recipient

Valve

Field application cell

Mixer

Results on preliminary Continuous CellDesign and Operating conditions:

Flat Cell

Electric Field

E

l

e

c

t

r

o

d

e

E l

e

c

t

r

o

d

e

Electric field

application cell

Sample volume: 5 ml.

Electric Field

Electrode

Sample volume: 5 ml.

Flat Cell

Heating:

Glass fiber insulation

Residence time:

Orifices:

(a): 3.45 mm

(b): 2.70 mm

(a) (b)

Slop-Oil Cell Voltage application ranges (V) CurrentResidence

time

Acema-100

Flat and cylindrical

electrodes

300-600

DC / AC

Low : 20-30 s

High: 50-60 s

Guara-2 500-1000

Merey-31 400-800




Results on preliminary Continuous CellMeasurement and analysis:

Destabilization factor:

Microscope cell (batch analysis)

Batch Cell

W0(X A) (%): Water content in droplets with higher diameters than X A in the original sample.

W(X A) (%): Water content in droplets with higher diameters than X A after electric field application.

Continuos Cell

R2 (X A, µm): Cumulative distribution; droplets fraction with diameter > X A after electric field application.

R20 (X A, µm): Cumulative distribution; droplets fraction with diameter > X A in the original sample.

.

Stadistical method: Factorial Design Acema-100 / Merey-31




Test

number Cell Voltage Current

Residence

time

Recovered water before

centrifugation (%)

Recovered water after

centrifugation (%)

1 Flat High DC Low 9,60 25,95

2 Flat High AC High 4,54 11,95

Acema-100

Test number

Results on preliminary Continuous Cell

Test # 3: Flat cell, high voltage, DC, low residence time.

Test # 9: Flat cell, high voltage, AC, low residence time.

Guara-2

Test number

Emulsion properties

Merey-31

Test number

Test # 2: Flat cell, high voltage, DC, low residence time.

Test # 4: Cylindrical cell, high voltage, AC, low residence time

Measurement and analysis:

Acema-100

Oil phase

Aqueous phase

Centrifugal effect:




Residence time:Low

Medium

High

Media coalescer Wettability Void fraction

Glass Rings Hydrophilic 0,84Polyethylene Spheres Hydrophobic 0,52

Glass Spheres Hydrophilic 0,56

Rocks Intermediate 0,62

Peanut shells Hydrophobic 0,72

Results on preliminary Continuous Cell with Coalescer Media

Flat Cell with Media

Coalescer

Design and Operating conditions:

Flat Cell

Tests were conducted putting media coalescer ins ide the cell.

Only flat cell was used.

Applied electric field was limited by the Chain Format ion phenomenon.

Samples: Acema-100

Merey-31

Current: AC

DC

Media Coalescer:

Centrifugation:2.700 rpm by 5 minutes




Media

coalescer Geometry

Void

fraction

Residence

time

Recovery water (% v/v)

DC FieldDC Field +

Centrifugation

Polyethylene Spheres 0,52Low 41 92

Medium 27 65

High 3 24

Glass Spheres 0,56

Low 27 65Medium 16 38

High 3 19

Phases distributions/Centrifugal effect:



DC

Electric field Electric field + Centrifugation

Recovery water (%)

Polyethylene

Glass Rings

Glass spheres

Peneaut shells

Rocks

No media coalescer


Recovery water

Emulsion with low water

content

Emulsion with a very low water

content

Big water droplets (floccules)High estable emulsion

Test

Tube

Acema-100 (No heating ):

Polyethylene

Glass spheres

Rocks

No media coalescer

Peneaut shells

Glass Rings


Recovery water (%)

Acema-100 (No heating ):

AC

GLASS

Espheres Rings





Merey-31 (heating ):

Optical microscopy was used to measure the destabilization.

Polyethylene spheres and glass rings were used only.

Design and Operating conditions:






Glass Rings Polyethylene spheres

Sample volumen collected (ml)

D F C ( -

)

5 X

Glass Rings Polyethylene spheres

Sample volumen collected (ml)

D F

C ( -

)

20 X


R lt li i C ti C ll ith C l M di



Continuos phase (oil)

Colaescer media (Polyethylene)

Surfactant molecule

Water droplets (disperse phase)

Hydrophobic

Lipophilic tail

Hydrophilic head

1 2

34

Colaescer media (Glass)

1 2 3

4

Polyethylene

Glass



Hydrophilic

Continuos phase (oil)




Conclusions

This findings can conduct to an hybrid system for separating this slop-oils

with no chemical addition or at least with an important lowering of the

required dosage.

• Continuous system unlike batch systems, allowed the collection of separated water emulsion

during the electrostatic treatment.

• Coalescence of water droplets was observed in high stable emulsions obtaining, in some

cases, a very "good" destabilization grade. No demulsifier was added.

• There is a non-linear increment between the electric field strength and the water droplets

sizes.

• Centrifugation promotes phase separation only if the sample has previously been treated with

electric field. Electrical field has an destabilizing effect itself

• Preliminary results show that coalescer media destabilizing effect is associated with multilayer

adsorption on the material surface. Because of this, the destabilizing effect of the media decreases

significantly over time due to the saturation of the material.


UCV–FIUCV-EIQ- LSM-WOSS



Ingemar QuinteroChemical Engineer

I.D. Quintero1, M.A. Rodríguez2, J.A. Sorrentino3.

DEMULSIFIER-FREE SLOP-OIL EMULSION DESTABILIZATION

UCV FIUCV EIQ LSM WOSS


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Ingemar Quintero Presentation