Infectious Diseases

Outline

Who are we?

Common infectious diseases

How to prevent the spread of disease

A Few Questions…

True or False:

1.Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure

2. If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

A Few Questions

True or False:1. Oral Herpes has a cure2. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the

most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

A Few Questions…

True or False:

1.Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush

2.Tuberculosis only affects the lungs

3.HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver

Bacteria Alcohol and toxins Your own immune

system Viruses

Multiple different ones!

Today – Focus on Hep B and C

Hepatitis B Virus

How do you get it? Blood

Unprotected sexual contact Sharing needles During birth if mother infected Blood transfusion (rare)

Some Symptoms Nausea and vomiting Jaundice Pale feces/dark urine Pain in upper right part of abdomen Itching all over the body

Hepatitis B Virus

Half of people show no symptoms

Chronic Hep B – long-term infection 5-10% of adults with Hep B

develop this Can lead to

Liver scarring Liver cancer

Hepatitis B Virus

Diagnosis: blood tests

No cure for chronic Hep B

Preventable with a vaccine

Treatment: anti-retroviral drugs

Hepatitis C How do you get it?

Blood Unprotected sex Sharing needles During birth if mother infected Blood transfusions (rare)

What are the symptoms? 80% of people have no symptoms Symptoms may not show up for

over 10-20 years Similar symptoms to Hep B

Hepatitis C

Diagnosis: blood test

75% of adults with Hep C develop chronic infection

Chronic Hep C can lead to Liver scarring Liver cancer

The cure rate with medication is ~50%

Oral Herpes

How do you get it? Touching infected saliva or skin Examples - lips, mouth, nostrils, ears,

eyelids, genital area, anus

Symptoms? Painful sores Fever and muscle aches Commonly no symptoms

No cure

Genital Herpes How do you get it?

Skin-to-skin contact Sexual intercourse and

oral sex

Symptoms Lesions and ulcers

No cure Medications to prevent

and treat recurrences

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

How do you get it? Spread through vaginal, anal or oral

sex

Symptoms Often no symptoms Discharge, painful urination, fever

Treatment is with antibiotics

Prevention Limiting sexual partners safe sex practices

Head Lice

Live on the head and lay eggs

How do you get it? Direct contact Sharing

hairbrushes Hats, towels,

clothing and bedding

Head Lice

Symptoms Itchy scalp See nits in hair Live lice near scalp

Treatment Shampoos Proper cleaning of brushes, clothes

and sheets

Scabies How do you get it?

Direct contact such as sexual relations and handshaking

Towels, clothing, bedding

Symptoms Small, raised bites Very itchy Worse at night

Scabies

Treatment Topical

cream Wash

bedding and clothing

Syphilis

How do you get it? Sexually transmitted Direct contact

Symptoms 6 weeks – ulcer 6 months – rash, fever, aches 6 years and longer – affects

heart, brain, etc.

Treatment Antibiotics Abstain from sex during

treatment

Tuberculosis How do I get it?

Coughing Sneezing Talking

Contributing Factors Immunosuppresse

d Diabetes Alcohol Injection drug use

Tuberculosis Lungs infected most

often

Symptoms May have no symptoms Coughing and chest

pain Fever and chills Night sweats and

weight loss

Diagnosis Skin test, chest x-ray,

labs

Treatment Multiple antibiotics

HIV Human immunodeficiency

virus

How do you get it? Sexual activity Blood transfusions Needle sharing Mother to fetus

HIV Stages Acute viral illness Clinical latency (average 8

years) No symptoms

Later symptoms Fever and chills Night sweats and weight loss Herpes infection Oral thrush – fungal infection

AIDS Pneumonia Meningitis Brain infections Severe mono infections

HIV

Diagnosis Blood testing

Treatment Antiretroviral therapy with multiple

medications

Prevention! Avoid: Needle sharing Unprotected sex

Get educated!

A Few Questions…

True or False:

1.Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure

2. If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

A Few Questions

True or False:

1. Oral Herpes has a cure

2. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

A Few Questions…

True or False:

1.Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush

2.Tuberculosis only affects the lungs

3.HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

Questions

?

THANK YOU!