Infection Control

Warning:

blood and guts to follow !

Infection Control

INFECTION CONTROL

video

Infection Control

• Microorganisms

• Infectious Disease

• Chain of Infection

• Nosocomial Infection

• Disease Control

• Environment

Microorganismsthat cause disease Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Can grow in or on an animal or plant and cause diseases.

Host: animal or plant that provides life support to another organism.

Microorganisms

Disease: Any change from the normal structure or function in the human body.

Infection: Growth of a microorganism on or in a host.

Disease

• Disease occurs only when the microorganism causes injury to the host

Pathogen

A disease producing microorganism.

Multiply in large numbers and cause an obstruction

Cause tissue damageSecrete substance that produce effects in

the body Exotoxins ( high body temp, nausea, vomiting)

BacteriaBacteria

Strep ThroatStrep Throat

Bacterial Bacterial PneumoniaPneumonia

Food PoisoningFood Poisoning

Protozoan

• Trichomonas Vaginalis

• Plasmodium Vivax– Malaria

Viruses

• Common cold

• Mononucleosis

• Warts

Fungi

• Athlete’s Foot

– Tinea pedis

• Ringworm

Chain of InfectionChain of Infection

HostHost

Infectious Infectious MicroorganismMicroorganism

Mode of Mode of TransmissionTransmission Vector/ FomiteVector/ Fomite

ReservoirReservoir

6 Steps of Infection

Encounter

Entry

Spread

Multiplication

Damage

Outcome

6 Steps of Infection

Encounter

Entry

Spread

Multiplication

Damage

Outcome

Which of these steps if stopped can prevent infection?

What can health care workers do to prevent them?

Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial Infections

Infections Infections originating in the originating in the hospital; an hospital; an infection not infection not present before present before admittance to admittance to the hospital.the hospital.

Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial Infections

Iatrogenic Iatrogenic InfectionInfection

Compromised Compromised PatientsPatients

Patient FloraPatient Flora Hospital Hospital

EnvironmentEnvironment Bloodborne Bloodborne

PathogensPathogens

Third Degree Burn

The skin: the body’s first natural defense to disease

Universal Precautions

Since there is no way you can know if a person is infected, you should ALWAYS use universal precautions:

Wash your hands Wear gloves Handle sharp objects carefully Properly clean all spills Wear mask, eye protection, and apron if

splashing is a possibility.

Airborne Precautions

Patients infected with pathogens that remain suspended in air for long periods on aerosol droplets or dust.

TB, Chickenpox, Measles Respiratory protection must be worn when

entering pt room. Pt should wear mask.

Droplet Precautions

Patients infected with pathogens that disseminate through large particulate droplets expelled from coughing, sneezing, or even talking.

Rubella, Mumps, Influenza Surgical mask must be worn when within 3

feet of the pt. Pt should wear a mask.

Contact Precautions

Patients infected with pathogens that spread by direct contact with the pt or by indirect contact with a contaminated object (bedrail, pt dressing).

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Hepatitis A, Varicella, Flesh-eating Virus

All PPE should be used and equipment must be disinfected after use.

Controlling the spread of Disease

• Chemotherapy

• Immunization

• Asepsis– Medical– Surgical

• Disinfectants

Physical Methods of Controlling Diseases

• Handwashing• Standard

Precautions– Gloving– Gowns– Face masks– Eyewear

Handwashing

Single most important means of preventing the spread of infection.

7 to 8 minutes of washing to remove the microbes present, depending on the number present.

Most effective portion of handwashing is the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together.

Types of Nosocomial Infections

Iatrogenic Infection – related to physician activities

Compromised Patients - weakened resistance; immunosuppressed

Patient Flora - microbes in healthy people Contaminated Hospital Environment Bloodborne Pathogens – Hepatitis B and HIV

So What, and Who Cares?

Students and Techs are challenged both physically and mentally by the microbial world. In this world of newly found, life-threatening diseases, education has become the key to survival. Health care providers must be committed to infection control so that diseases can be conquered!

Syphilis in the eye

infection spread

Infection Control per JCAHO

Fingernail Compliance

No more than ¼ inch long

No artificial nails

No chips on nail polish

When do you wash your hands?

When hands are visibly soiled Before and after patient contact After removal of gloves After using the toilet After blowing or wiping the nose Upon leaving an isolation area

When do you wash your hands?

Before Eating

How long do you wash?

10-15 Seconds

What are some examples of proper usage of gloves? Wear gloves when you anticipate possible

contamination When handling chemicals like disinfectants for

cleaning Remove gloves immediately after performing

task and performing hand hygiene Hallways should be considered a

“glove free zone”

When do you use disinfectant jell?

Before and after patient care when hands are not visibly soiled

Before performing invasive procedures for hand decontamination

To decontaminate hands after contact with patient’s intact skin, i.e., after taking vital signs

What are examples of Standard Precautions?

What are examples of Standard Precautions? Use of PPE (personal protective

equipment) Protective housekeeping Practicing good hygiene

What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions?

What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions?

Contact

Droplet

Airborne

Review

Microorganisms Disease Pathogen Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoan 6 Steps of Infection

Chain of Infection Nosocomial Infection Controlling Disease Physical Methods of

Controlling Diseases Handwashing Standard Precautions Universal Precautions

Asepsis

• Two types:– Surgical(sterilization)– Medical

Asepsis

• Chemical • Physical

Standard Precautions

Any possible contact with blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes

In x-ray rooms:hand-washingglovingPPEneedle recappingbio-spills

Transmission Based Precautions

Considered whenever a patient is infected with known disease

airbornedropletcontact

Questions?

• Infection Control