Index

Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

A

ABP. See Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP)

Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), 736–738

clinical features of, 750–751

endoscopic management of, 749–768

conclusions from prospective endoscopic trials, 752–756

ERCP in, 759–763

initial clinical evaluation in, 756–759

introduction, 750

lessons from surgical experience, 752

objectives in, 749–750

introduction, 750

pathophysiology of, 751

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP)

PD disruption in, 864–865

AIP. See Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP)

Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ)

IRAP due to, 810–811

ANP. See Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP)

Antibiotic(s)

in PEP prevention, 779

APBJ. See Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ)

Ascites

pancreatic

PD disruption and

management of, 873–875

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), 893–915

diagnosis of

endoscopic approaches in, 896–908

ampullary biopsy, 907

biopsies, 904–907

CT imaging, 896–900

ERC, 901

ERCP, 900–901

ERCP–guided bile duct biopsy and brush cytology, 906

ERP, 900–901

EUS, 902

EUS-FNA and core biopsy for pancreatic lesions, 904–906

EUS-FNA for bile duct lesions, 906–907

IgG4 immunostaining, 904–907

steroid trial in

in patients with indeterminate CT imaging, 907–908

Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am 23 (2013) 925–934http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1052-5157(13)00106-2 giendo.theclinics.com1052-5157/13/$ – see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Index926

Autoimmune (continued )

without endoscopic examination, 896

introduction, 893–894

obstructive jaundice in

biliary stenting in patients with, 908

presentations of, 894

subtypes of, 894–896

B

Bile duct wall

IDUS of

in AIP diagnosis, 903

Biliary pancreatitis, 736–738

acute

endoscopic management of, 749–768. See also Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP),

endoscopic management of

Biliary stenting

in patients with AIP with obstructive jaundice, 908

Biliary strictures

chronic pancreatitis and, 828

clinical presentation of, 835–836

diagnosis of, 835–836

ERCP for, 833–845. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP), for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis

pathogenesis of, 834–835

prevalence of, 833–834

Biodegradable stents

in ERCP

for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis, 842

C

Cancer

pancreatic. See Pancreatic cancer

Celiac plexus block (CPB)

EUS–guided

in uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis management, 827

Cholangiopancreatography

endoscopic retrograde. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

magnetic resonance. See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Computed tomography (CT)

in AIP diagnosis, 896–900

CPB. See Celiac plexus block (CPB)

Cyst(s)

duodenal duplication

IRAP due to, 811

D

DDC. See Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC)

Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS), 879–886

characteristics of, 879–880

Index 927

diagnosis of, 880–882

treatment of, 882–886

DPDS. See Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS)

Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC)

IRAP due to, 811

E

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC)

in AIP diagnosis, 901

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

in ABP management, 759–763

in AIP diagnosis, 900–901

for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis, 833–845

indications for, 836–838

introduction, 833–834

outcomes of, 838–842

biodegradable stents, 842

plastic stents, 838–839

SEMSs, 839–842

procedural aspects, 837–838

pancreatitis after

prevention of, 769–786. See also Post–endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP), prevention of

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP)

in AIP diagnosis, 900–901

Endoscopic secretin pancreatic function test (PFT)

in chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, 743–744

Endoscopic therapy

for ABP, 749–768. See also Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), endoscopic management of

for chronic pancreatitis, 821–832. See also Pancreatitis, chronic, endoscopic therapy for

for IRAP, 803–819. See also Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis (IRAP)

of necrotizing pancreatitis and pseudocysts, 787–802

for PD disruption with leakage of pancreatic juice, 863–892. See also Pancreatic duct

(PD) disruption, with leakage of pancreatic juice

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

in AIP diagnosis, 902–903

conventional EUS imaging, 902

EUS elastography/contrast-enhanced EUS, 902–903

IDUS of bile duct wall, 903

in pancreatitis diagnosis, 735–747

in uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis management, 826–827

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)–guided access and drainage (ESGAD)

in uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis management, 826–827

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)–guided celiac plexus block (CPB)

in uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis management, 827

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)–guided pancreatic drainage

of pancreatic duct, 847–861

of PD. See also Pancreatic duct (PD), EUS–guided drainage of

Endoscopy

in AIP diagnosis, 896–908. See also Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), diagnosis of,

endoscopic approaches in

Index928

ERC. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC)

ERCP. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

ERP. See Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP)

ESGAD. See Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)–guided access and drainage (ESGAD)

F

Fistula(s)

pancreatic

external

PD disruption and

management of, 876–878

G

Gallstone(s)

biliary pancreatitis due to, 805–806

Glyceryl trinitrate

nitroglycerin and

in PEP prevention, 778

I

Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis (IRAP), 803–819

causes of

APBJ, 810–811

DDC, 811

types of, 805–811

defining of, 804–805

endoscopic therapy for, 811–814

evaluation of

initial, 811–812

imaging in, 811–812

introduction, 803–804

prevalence of, 803

refractory

approach to, 813–814

study of, 804–805

IDUS. See Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS)

IgG4 staining. See Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4) staining

Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4) staining

in AIP diagnosis, 904–907

Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS)

of bile duct wall

in AIP diagnosis, 903

IRAP. See Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis (IRAP)

J

Jaundice

obstructive

AIP with

biliary stenting in patients with, 908

Index 929

M

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

EUS vs.

in chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, 744

Main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures

management of

in chronic pancreatitis management, 825–826

MPD strictures. See Main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures

MRCP. See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

N

Nafamostat

in PEP prevention, 778–779

Neoplasm(s)

pancreatic, 738

Nitroglycerin and glyceryl trinitrate

in PEP prevention, 778

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

in PEP prevention, 777–778

NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

O

Obstructive jaundice

AIP with

biliary stenting in patients with, 908

Octreotide

somatostatin and

in PEP prevention, 778–779

P

Pain

in pancreatic cancer, 918

management of, 918–919

Pancreas divisum, 738–739

causes of, 806–808

Pancreatic ascites

PD disruption and

management of, 873–875

Pancreatic cancer

ductal disruption in, 918

introduction, 917

pain in, 918

management of, 918–919

pancreatic ductal obstruction in

controversies/future considerations, 920–921

outcomes of, 919–920

palliation of, 917–923

efficacy of, 919–920

Index930

Pancreatic (continued )

pancreatic stenting in, 919–921

technique, 919

prevalence of, 917

smouldering pancreatitis in, 918

Pancreatic duct (PD)

EUS–guided drainage of, 847–861

background of, 848–849

complications of, 858

discussion, 855–858

follow-up, 855

future considerations in, 858

introduction, 847–848

methods, 849

techniques, 849–854

access site selection, 851

drainage route selection, 851–854

antegrade or retrograde drainage, 852–853

transmural drainage, 853–854

transpapillary pancreatic drainage, 851–852

evolution of, 854–855

Pancreatic duct (PD) disruption

in ANP, 864–865

with leakage of pancreatic juice

characteristics of, 865–866

definitive management of, 866–867

described, 863–864

diagnosis of, 865–866

endoscopic therapy for, 863–892

described, 878–879

external pancreatic fistulas related to, 876–878

pancreatic ascites related to

management of, 873–875

pleural effusions related to

management of, 873–875

pseudocysts related to

management of, 868–873

Pancreatic duct (PD) leaks

with disconnected PD, 879–886. See also Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome

(DPDS)

Pancreatic ductal obstruction

in pancreatic cancer

palliation of, 917–923

Pancreatic fistulas

external

PD disruption and

management of, 876–878

Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC)

endoscopic management of, 787–802

complications of, 796–797

current controversies/future directions in, 799

Index 931

introduction, 787–788

outcomes, 798–799

patient evaluation in, 788–792

postoperative care, 797–798

procedural technique, 792–796

Pancreatic function test (PFT)

endoscopic secretin

in chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, 743–744

Pancreatic juice

PD disruption with leakage of, 863–892. See also Pancreatic duct (PD) disruption, with

leakage of pancreatic juice

Pancreatic neoplasms, 738

Pancreatic stones

management of

in chronic pancreatitis management, 824–825

Pancreatitis

acute

biliary. See Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP)

causes of, 736–740

diagnosis of, 736

EUS in, 735–740

neoplasms in, 738

pancreas divisum, 738–739

prevalence of, 803

prognosis of, 736

SOD dysfunction and, 740

after ERCP

prevention of, 769–786. See also Post–endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP), prevention of

autoimmune, 893–915. See also Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP)

biliary, 736–738

acute

endoscopic management of, 749–768. See also Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP),

endoscopic management of

causes of, 805–806

chronic

biliary strictures associated with. See also Biliary strictures, chronic pancreatitis and

ERCP for, 833–845. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP), for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis

described, 740

diagnosis of

ancillary imaging techniques in, 743

endoscopic secretin PFT in, 743–744

EUS in, 740–744

vs. MRCP, 744

histologic comparison in, 741

reliability issues in, 741–742

Rosemont Classification in, 742–743

endoscopic therapy for, 821–832

choice of treatment in, 823–824

differential diagnosis in, 822

Index932

Pancreatitis (continued)

ESGAD in, 826–827

EUS in, 826–827

EUS–CPB in, 827

introduction, 821–822

locoregional complications, 827–828

MPD stricture management in, 825–826

pancreatic stones management in, 824–825

planning for, 822–824

described, 735

introduction, 735

necrotizing

acute

PD disruption in, 864–865

endoscopic therapy of, 787–802. See also Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC),

endoscopic management of; Walled-off necrosis (WON), endoscopic

management of

recurrent

acute. See Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis (IRAP)

causes of, 805–811

gallstones and, 805–806

pancreas divisum, 806–808

SOD dysfunction, 808–810

types of, 805–810

smouldering

in pancreatic cancer, 918

PD. See Pancreatic duct (PD)

PFC. See Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC)

PFT. See Pancreatic function test (PFT)

Plastic stents

in ERCP

for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis, 838–839

Pleural effusions

PD disruption and

management of, 873–875

Post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP)

defined, 769

overview of, 769–770

patients at increased risk for, 770–772

prevention of, 769–786

future directions in, 780

patient selection in, 772–773

pharmacoprevention, 776–779

antibiotics, 779

ineffective drugs, 779

nafamostat, 778–779

nitroglycerin and glyceryl trinitrate, 778

NSAIDs, 777–778

secretin, 779

somatostatin and octreotide, 779

procedure equipment in, 774–775

Index 933

procedure technique in, 773–774

prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in, 775–776

Prophylactic pancreatic stent placement

in PEP prevention, 775–776

Pseudocyst(s)

chronic pancreatitis and, 827–828

endoscopic therapy of, 787–802

PD disruption and

management of, 868–873

transmural drainage in, 868–871

transpapillary drainage in, 871–873

R

Rosemont Classification

in chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, 743

S

Secretin

in PEP prevention, 779

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs)

in ERCP

for biliary strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis, 839–842

SEMSs. See Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs)

SOD dysfunction. See Sphincter of Oddi (SOD) dysfunction

Somatostatin and octreotide

in PEP prevention, 778–779

Sphincter of Oddi (SOD) dysfunction

acute pancreatitis due to, 740

causes of, 808–810

Stent(s). See specific types and indications

T

TAUS. See Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS)

Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS)

in biliary pancreatitis diagnosis, 736–738

U

Ultrasonography

endoscopic. See Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

intraductal

of bile duct wall

in AIP diagnosis, 903

transabdominal

in biliary pancreatitis diagnosis, 736–738

W

Walled-off necrosis (WON)

endoscopic management of, 787–802

Index934

Walled-off (continued )

complications of, 796–797

current controversies/future directions in, 799

introduction, 787–788

outcomes, 798–799

patient evaluation in, 788–792

postoperative care, 797–798

procedural technique, 792–796

WON. See Walled-off necrosis (WON)