Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Materials Transport Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)

Increasing Regulatory Standards forHazardous Materials Transport

Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)

Gina Marie (Jākey) Carrillo-LazoSenior Dangerous Goods Inspector

Certifi cate Management DepartmentFlight Standards Inspectorate Services (FSIS)

Hazardous Materials/ Dangerous Goods Definitions

Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material TransportGLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012

Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

What are Hazardous Materials (HazMat) or Dangerous Goods (DG)

Articles?

Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.

Land

AirRail

Sea

How are HazMat or DG Items Transported ?



Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications

Class 1 – ExplosivesExamples:gunpowder, grenades, ammunition, flares, fireworks

Class 2 – Gases (flammable, non-flammable, toxic)Examples:propane, butane, LPG, nitrogen, ammonia, aerosols



Class 3 – Flammable LiquidsExamples:petrol, alcohols, thinners, solvents, lacquers,varnishes

Class 4 – Flammable Solids Examples: matches, sulphur, wetted explosives, silicon powder, moth balls




Class 5 – Oxidizing Substances, Organic PeroxidesExamples:hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate, domestic bleach

Class 6 – Toxic and Infectious SubstancesExamples:Pest strips, flea collars, correcting fluid, mercury thermometers, insecticides, fiberglass, cyanide solutions




Class 8– Corrosive SubstancesExamples:Caustic soda, dishwasher detergent, cleaning products, hydrochloric acid and battery acids

Class 7 – Radioactive MaterialExamples:Substances (solid or liquid) which spontaneously emit ionizing radiation – Category I, II or III, depending on the radiation level of transport packaging




Class 9 – Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances, Including Environmentally-Hazardous Substances

Examples:dry ice, asbetos, lithium ion batteries, cosmetics, chemical kits




Dangerous Goods Information to the Public

Examples of Dangerous Goods Signs



Dangerous Goods Information to the Public

Example of a Dangerous Goods Sign



Why Does the Transport of

Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods

Need Regulatory Standards?



1. SAFETY

2. SECURITY



Dangerous Goods-Related Accidents and IncidentsIn the Aviation Industry

Flight/ Date : J7592/11 May 1996Airline : ValujetAircraft : DC9-32Type of Flight : CommercialCrash Site : Everglades

Reported Problem:Fire in Cargo Compartment

DG Item Identified as Cause:Class 5.1 Oxygen Generators



Flight/ Date : FX1406/ 05 Sep 1996Airline : Federal ExpressAircraft : DC10-10Type of Flight : CargoCrash Site : Newburgh, NY

Reported Problem:Fire/ Smoke in the Cabin Cargo Compartment

One of Several Possible Causes:Undeclared Hazardous Items




Flight/ Date : 5X1406/ 07 Feb 2006Airline : United Parcel Services (UPS)Aircraft : DC 8-71FType of Flight : CargoCrash Site : Philadelphia, PA

Reported Problem:Smoke in Cargo Compartment

One of Several Possible Causes:Undeclared Hazardous Items




Flight/ Date : 5X006/ 03 Sep 2010Airline : United Parcel Services (UPS)Aircraft : B744FType of Flight : CargoCrash Site : Near Dubai Silicon Oasis

Reported Problem:Fire in Main Cargo Deck

Published Cause:Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Controversy:Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for accident as part of the 2010 cargo plane bomb plot




1. SAFETY

2. SECURITY



TERRORISM

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP)

Annex 18 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation

The Safe Transport ofDangerous GoodsBy Air

Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods RegulationsInternational



Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods RegulationsInternational

“The material in this Annex was developed by the Air Navigation Commission in response to a need expressed by ContractingStates for an internationally agreed set of provisions governing the safe transport of dangerous goods by air.”



Technical Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations

Annex 18 to the Chicago Convention and the associated Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air of the ICAO are recognized as the sole authentic legal source material in the air transport of dangerous goods. The IATA Dangerous Goods

Regulations are published in order to provide procedures for shippers and operators by which articles and substances with hazardous properties can be safely transported by air on all commercial air transport.Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport

GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods RegulationsPhilippines



1. Prior to CAAP’s formation in 2007, the AIR TRANSPORTATION OFFICE (ATO) handled Civil Aviation oversight in the Philippines.

2. In July 2007, the Philippine Civil Aviation under the ATO was audited by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) which revealed safety oversight deficiencies.

3. The Philippine Civil Aviation was downgraded from Category I to Category II .

4. In response to the FAA findings, the Philippine Government embarked on a Reform Program starting with the enactment into Law of Republic Act 9497 (RA 9497), creating the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and abolishing the ATO in the process.

How Did DG Regulations Come About?


RA 9497 - The CAAP Law (born: 23 March 2008)

Chapter X - Other PowersSec. 77 Authority Respecting the Transportation of

Dangerous Goods by Air

The Director General shall monitor and enforce compliance of the rules and regulations concerning the carriage of goods by air in relation to Annex 18 of the

Chicago Convention and the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.







1. RA9497, Sec. 23, empowers the CAAP Board to promulgate rules and regulations in the interest of air safety. This came in effect via the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCARs), promulgated in 2008.

2. Based on recommendations born from two audits conducted, ICAO-Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) in 2009 and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2010, respectively, amendments to the PCARs were made in 2011.

3. The PCARs are based on the ICAO SARP. It has 11 Parts and 2 Nomenclatures (Procedural Laws) which originally were Part 13 (Accident Reporting Investigation) and Part 18 (Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air).






PCAR Part 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous

Goods by Air

Nomenclature (Official Gazette)Procedural Law

Released 20 July 2012 as the

Manual of Dangerous Goods Approvals

PCAR Part 18:The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air

Applicability - applicable to all domestic and international operations of civil aircraft.

- In the interest of safety and minimizing interruptions to the international transport of dangerous goods, the domestic civil aircraft operations must comply with Annex 18 and ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.

- All air carriers or operators shall comply with this Civil Aviation Regulation, Annex 18, ICAO Technical Instructions (TI) for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.



Philippine Airlines



MANUALS – PCAR 18.5

Operations Manuals must contain more detailed procedures on DG handling (acceptance, storage, loading, written notification to Pilot-in-command, incident reporting, damage to DG packaging, special requirements for poisons)

All other Local Carriers

MANUALS- PCAR 18.5

Operations Manuals contain less detailed procedures on DG handling (DG awareness training, no DG to be accepted, reporting of damaged packages suspected to contain DG)

AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit

AOCs That Opt NOT to Carry Dangerous Goods





TRAINING SUBJECTS – PCAR 18.6

(1) Dangerous goods and classifications(2) Shipping paper and certificate requirements(3) Packaging, marking, and labeling(4) Exemption authority(5) Exceptions from the regulations(6) Written communication to pilot in command(7) Keeping and replacement of lost or damaged labels(8) Reporting hazardous materials incidents/deficiencies(9) Loading, unloading, and handling(10) Specific regulations applicable according to classification of material.

AOCs That Opt NOT to Carry Dangerous Goods

TRAINING SUBJECTS – PCAR 18.6

(1) Dangerous goods and classifications(2) Packaging, marking, and labeling





PACKING – 18.14

(i) Dangerous Goods shall be packed in accordance with PCAR and as provided for in the Technical Instructions.

(ii) Packaging shall be of good quality, constructed and securely closed so as to prevent leakage which might be caused in normal conditions of transport, by changes in temperature, humidity or pressure, or by vibration.

(iii) Packaging shall be suitable for the contents. Packaging in direct contact with DG shall be resistant to any chemical or other action of such goods.

(iv) Packaging shall meet the material and construction specifications in the Technical Instructions.





PACKING – 18.14

(v) Packaging shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of the Technical Instructions.

(vi) Packaging for which retention of a liquid is a basic function, shall be capable of withstanding, without leaking, the pressure stated in the Technical Instructions.

(vii) Inner Packaging shall be so packed, secured or cushioned as to prevent their breakage or leakage and to control their movement within the outer packaging(s) during normal conditions of air transport. Cushioning and absorbent materials shall not react dangerously with the contents of the packaging.





PACKING – 18.14

(viii) No packaging shall be re-used until it has been inspected and found free from corrosion or other damage. Where a packaging is re-used, all necessary measures shall be taken to prevent contamination of subsequent contents.

(ix) If, because of the nature of their former contents, un-cleaned empty packaging may present a hazard, they shall be tightly closed and treated according to the hazard they constitute.

(x) No harmful quantity of a dangerous substance shall adhere to the outside of packages.


Dangerous Goods Awareness and SurveillanceInitiatives of the CAAP

Certificate Management Department (CMD)

Philippine Airlines – the only certifiedDangerous Goods Carrier in the Philippines Cebu Pacific Air – Non-DG Carrier but with special exemptions for special routes and VVIP flights

Flight Operations Department (FOD)

Air Philippines ExpressZest AirSea AirAir Asia

Royal StarLion AirAll other General Aviation Air Operators



CAAP Road Map for Dangerous Goods Surveillance

Conduct continuous Technical Trainings on

Required & Support Programs

Create DG Specialized Team to handle DG Surveillance

Screen/ hire Qualified Personnel as DG Inspectors

Develop Tools (CASORT)

Develop PCAR Part 18: Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

Conduct Inspector & DG Technical Trainings

Conduct OJT for New DG inspectors

v



Dangerous Goods Awareness and SurveillanceActivities in the Philippine Aviation Industry

Dangerous Goods Inspections had been conducted and recorded in CASORT.

Safety Issues related to Dangerous Goods by Air Operator Certificate (AOC) holders have been recorded monitored up to resolution and/or were subjected to further surveillance.

From August 2011 to May 2012:

47

1,012



Dangerous Goods Awareness and SurveillanceActivities in the Philippine Aviation Industry

10

9

7

7

4

32

2 1 11

RECORDED SAFETY ISSUESAug 2011 to May 2012

No DG Training

Non-adherence to DG Procedures

No DG Training Program in Place

Unauthorized DG Manuals in Use

Needs DG Reinforcement in Training

Obsolete DG Manual Segments

Improper DG Documentation Handling

No DG Manual

Expired DG License

DG Labels Outdated/ Non-in-stock

No DG Signs in Designated Areas



Dangerous Goods Inspections

CAAP DANGEROUS GOODS INSPECTORSGUIDANCE



OPERATIONS INSPECTORS MANUAL

MANUAL OF DANGEROUS GOODS

APPROVALS

RESOLUTION AND ENFORCEMENT MANUAL


CAAP INSPECTION POLICY

A. Program Minimum Required Annual Inspections (MRAI).

B. Conduct un-programmed inspections on an ad-hoc basis.

C. Train inspectors in each technical discipline to conduct inspections of dangerous goods processes and participants.

D. Inspectors are charged with the responsibility to conduct DG-related inspection tasks as they go about daily oversight functions.




DG Evaluation and Approvals

- DG Manuals and Revision

- Segments on DG found in various Airline Operators Manuals

- DG Training Programs, as applicable to the trainees’ involvement in DG handling

- DG Published Procedures and Revisions

Inspector Responsibilities: Duties and Coverage




DG Inspections

Inspector Responsibilities: Duties and Coverage

- Facilities and Signs (storage, segregation, handling)

- Documentation (manuals, shipping records, training records, audit records, loading records)

- Processes (DG screening/acceptance/preparation/ labels/packing/aircraft loading/ emergency procedures)

- Personnel (actual performance/ training records)

- Training (training program, monitor training-in-progress)




DG Comprehensive Inspections

- This inspection is intended to be a consolidation of all applicable DG inspections to a specific organization.

Inspector Responsibilities: Kinds of Inspections

Minimum Required Annual Inspections (MRAI)

- Each year, at the beginning of December, the CAAP will plan the minimum annual dangerous goods inspections for the coming year. The total number of inspections will be planned based on the number of AOC holders.




Unplanned, No-Notice Inspections

- All qualified inspectors will be expected to accomplish DG inspections during the conduct of other inspector tasks associated with the certificated organizations. Such inspections are to be conducted on a regular basis.

Inspector Responsibilities: Kinds of Inspections



Dangerous Goods Inspection Process

• Review Record• Check for Emphasis Areas or Weak Links• Unless this is a No-Notice Inspection, advise

accountable manager of organization being inspected

Initial Preparation

• Initial Contact• Inspection Proper • Debriefing with Organization

Representatives

Conduct of the

Inspection

• Complete CASORT Action Records• Record any non-conformance/safety issues• Provide required written documentation to

company and monitor until resolved or compliance is achieved

Completion of CAAP Records



Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards

THEREFORE:For the Aviation

industry, increasing DG Transport

Regulatory Standards can

prevent DG-related Accidents/ Incidents

from occurring…



ThroughCargo






Through Passenger

Checked Bags/ Carry-Ons/

Clothing





Through

Mail




Through AircraftGround

Servicing




Through Airline

Personnel




Or, eventhroughDie-hardTerrorist

“Wannabes”

Conclusion



“At the end of the day, the goals are

simple:Safety and Security.”- Jodi Rell

Former GovernorUS State of Connecticut

End of Presentation

Effective DG Surveillance in the Aviation Industry : A Means to Combat Terrorism84th Meeting. AML/CFT, NALECC, 07 June 2012

Documents

Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Materials Transport Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)