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Improving Air Quality
in the City of London
A guide for Retailers & Support Services
A City of London initiative supported by:
cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
SITUATION
Air Quality in parts of the City of London is the worst in the country and amongst the
worst in Europe. It may not be as visible as the smog of Victorian London, but it is
ever present.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is up to three times the recommended level for health and
particulate matter (PM10) regularly breaches EU limits.
IMPACT
Poor Air Quality has a significant impact on health, with up
to 8,000 premature deaths in London each year attributed
to it.
Fine particles have the greatest impact on health. Young
children and the elderly are most susceptible.
The UK could face significant fines from the EC for failure to comply with Limit Values.
SOURCES
The major sources of air pollution are from combustion as a direct result of
transportation and heating.
Carbon reduction, energy efficiency and modifying transport policies should
therefore go hand-in-hand with improving air quality.
There is a great deal of work already being done by the City of London Corporation,
the Government and the Mayor’s Office, but targets are not being met.
With the help of City businesses, and the people that live and work in the Square
Mile, we can make a difference to our health and the wellbeing of those around us.
THE FUTURE
There are many measures in place to deal with emissions from new developments
including the construction and development phase, but no measures are in place
to address existing building stock and how activities associated with them can
reduce emissions.
The best practice and communications advice listed below, and in accompanying
documents, seek to address this. Some will take time and an investment but all will
lead to enhancing customer and employee wellbeing as well as making our own
working environment healthier. There are also some simple quick wins that can be
implemented immediately.
We need your help to improve air quality in the City. It’s time to act - it’s time
to think air quality
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
COMMUNICATION
In the City, the density of people and scale of the problem compounds the impact
of poor air quality and it is a problem that is too easily ignored.
A common theme identified by respondents to the initial consultation was that the
issue of air quality needs greater visibility and a communication vehicle.
Support is needed with campaigns, to raise awareness of air quality internally, as
well as promoting individual initiatives.
A campaign toolkit has been designed to make it as easy as possible for everyone
to ‘think air quality’.
What is being done
A CityAir ‘button’ has been developed by the City of
London to be used by organisations that work
towards improving air quality
To use this device please see the campaign toolkit
The City of London website has useful guidance,
templates and links to make the most of the great
work already done
The latest news is available on Twitter @_CityAir
Advice is also given on integrating air quality into
sustainability communications, making it easy for
people to understand the impact of poor air quality
and how simple actions can improve the situation
An annual Sustainable City Award for Air Quality has
been established, to reward best practice and
encourage innovative ideas that improve air quality
A useful resource to monitor live air quality
information has been developed by King’s College
London and is available, free of charge, for the
iPhone as a downloadable ‘app’
Other applications and tools are referenced
throughout the document and in the toolkit below
See the Campaign Toolkit (App I)
There can sometimes be a ‘disconnect’ between asset owners, facilities managers,
tenants, service companies and employees. Fixing the ‘disconnect’ will require
working together and understanding the link between sustainability, operations, air
quality, health and employee wellbeing.
Strong leadership starts with the Government, Mayor of London and the City of
London, but we can all make a difference. If driven from the top any initiative will
have the weight it needs to succeed.
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
It’s about working together so ‘whatever you’re doing - think air quality’
PARTNERS & SOLUTIONS
The solutions provided have been grouped by sector but are applicable across retail
and service businesses in all instances. Whether providing food, leisure or retail
services there is a great deal that can be done to improve air quality. All of the
interventions in this set of best practice documentation satisfy business, sustainability,
health, wellbeing and air quality objectives.
With the support of a range of partners, the following interventions have been
grouped by the company that have pioneered them:
Destination Entertainment Venue
o Communications
o Inbound Deliveries
o Visitor Access
Multiple Retailer
o Raising Awareness
o Waste - or lack of it!
o Outbound Deliveries
Destination Retail Venue
o Raising Awareness
o Deliveries
o The Built Environment
Food Retail
o Packaging & Waste Reduction
o Outbound Deliveries
Leisure
o Green Sheet
Retail Fit-Out
o A practical guide
Although great care has gone into presenting the solutions below, improving air
quality through innovations and fresh ideas is a collective responsibility. Please get in
touch and give your feedback via the web or directly to [email protected]
We can do something about poor air quality now – it’s time to act
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
DESTINATION ENTERTAINMENT VENUE
The Barbican is Europe's largest multi-arts and conference venue presenting a
diverse range of art, music, theatre, dance, film and creative learning events. With
its central location it is ideally suited for access by public transport but many visitors
may not be aware how close their landing points are to the centre. Satisfying the
number visitors also requires a great deal of food and other supplies to be
delivered to numerous concession businesses and the centre itself.
Communications
The Barbican is perfectly placed in the City of
London to promote the CityAir message
o Intranet communication to staff and
businesses operating in the centre
o High visibility displays in the main foyer
o Engagement with residents through the
Podium magazine
Inbound Deliveries
Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) are responsible for
around 20 % of PM10 emissions in the City
The solution is simple – to improve air quality and our
health, we need zero emission ‘last mile’ delivery of
as many goods and services as possible
o The Barbican use Gnewt Cargo for their
Office Depot stationery deliveries
o Office Depot deliver in bulk to a hub on the
edge of the City
o Gnewt cargo then deliver the final stage
using cargocycles and electric vans
improving the efficiency of distribution and
reducing the impact to air quality
o The Barbican have also implemented ‘no
idling’ strategies at inbound delivery points
See the Zero Emission ‘Last Mile’ case study (App II)
Visitor Access
To visitors from outside London it is often not clear
quite how close the City’s attractions are to each
other and public transport hubs
o The Barbican are improving how they
communicate getting to the venue by foot o Route maps, emphasising walking options,
are planned to be promoted on tickets
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
MULTIPLE RETAILER
“At Sainsbury's, respecting the environment is about doing the right thing. We aim
to be the UK's greenest grocer, which is great for our business but even better for
the environment.” J Sainsbury plc corporate website
The City footprint of the multiples is ever expanding. Sainsbury’s are at the forefront
of sustainable expansion and have shown a commitment to air quality in some key
areas.
Raising Awareness
Having 4 sites across the City, Sainsbury’s are
perfectly placed to promote the CityAir campaign
Staff engagement is supported by a walking
campaign at the main office
This is reinforced at the outlets with posters directing
people to where more information can be found
Shut that door!
Thanks to pioneering work by the Close The Door
Campaign, embraced by Sainsbury’s, it is clear the
old rules of retail can be adapted
Shops keeping heating on and doors open double
their energy bills
Waste - or lack of it!
Effective stock control, forecasting and lean
operations have delivered real reductions in waste
but waste is an inevitable by-product of any food
retailer’s operations
It can, however, be managed ingeniously:
o The delivery vehicle arrives at the store
o When it leaves, it takes all the store’s waste
back to the distribution centre for recycling,
with nothing going to landfill
o This saves a waste collection journey and
any reduction in vehicle journeys improves
air quality
Outbound Deliveries
Sainsbury’s are now trialling a fleet of electric
vehicles for home delivery of groceries
In the City and other air quality hot-spots this is an
enormous step forward
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
DESTINATION RETAIL VENUE
ONE NEW CHANGE, located on Cheapside in the heart of the City of London, is a
major shopping destination, complete with cafés and restaurants, as well as
offering significant office space. Overlooking London’s most famous landmark, St
Paul’s Cathedral, and a significant retail destination, it has an enormous
opportunity to promote air quality.
Raising Awareness
With no public parking spaces, their website
encourages visitors to walk or take public transport
The footfall in its first year of opening has been
phenomenal making the communications support of
CityAir, on screens at key sites, have massive impact
In addition to retail visitors the One New Change
building has 4 floors and 350,000 SQFT of office space
By engaging tenants the profile of air quality been
raised and a walking campaigns launched
In addition, there are an extensive number of cycle
spaces and showers to encourage retail and office
workers to cycle to work
Deliveries
Underground servicing keeps the delivery lorries off
the streets reducing exhaust emissions at ground
level
A ‘No Idling’ policy for vehicles is rigorously enforced
A strict schedule of deliveries for the retailers ensures
there is minimal backlog and idling on surrounding
streets and in the underground servicing area
The Built Environment
Commercial gas boilers contribute around 20% of
NOx emissions in the City of London
The ground source energy system at One New
Change reduces the dependence of the building on
gas fired boilers to provide heating in winter
As chilling and not heating is the main energy sink for
most buildings in the City, green roofs and walls are
an ideal solution as they insulate buildings from
fluctuations in external temperature - they also
absorb airborne pollutants
The green roof at One New Change is small but
perfectly formed, adding architectural interest
You don’t have to have a lot of space on the roof to have a green roof
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
FOOD RETAIL
Pret have a significant footprint in the City of London. They are committed to high
animal welfare standards and a sustainable supply chain. Their sustainability
strategy includes reducing and managing their carbon footprint which will of
course improve air quality.
Reducing waste and packaging helps reduce the number of waste collection
made. Furthermore, the Pret charity Run operates a fleet of LPG vans that deliver
their end of day food to homeless in London. LPG Vans emits less NOx and CO2
compared to Diesel and Petrol.
Thinking about air quality...
Packaging & Waste Reduction
Ask customers if they want a bag and a napkin
each visit or not
In 2009, Pret reduced the number of plastic bags
used by 28% simply by asking customers if they
actually wanted one
Review your entire bag range to establish if further
reductions in materials can be made
Pret's ultimate aim is to ensure all packaging is
made from recycled materials and can easily be
recycled again
Currently 96% of Pret's packaging can be recycled
Ensure that food containers are made with virgin
board from sustainable forests with a water-based
coating
This means that the box is 100% recyclable. Most
other card boxes on the market are coated in
polyethylene
Work with all their suppliers to reduce ingredient
packaging wherever possible
Redesigning their baguette bags reduced the
material used by 8.27 tonnes a year and changing
Pure Pret bottles in 2010 saved 28,000kg of plastic
Implement back of house recycling
Collect organic waste generated for composting
Outbound Deliveries
All Pret deliveries where possible are made on foot
or bike, therefore not impacting on local air quality
Pret deliver from as many of their shops across the
country as they can, each shop has a delivery area
to enable local deliveries
This ability is used as a key competitive advantage
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
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RECEPTION & COUNTERS Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
Turn on/off all computers & monitors
Turn on/off TV’s & music
Turn on/off drinks machines and washers
Clean/tidy all to indicated recycling
Entrance & reception clear of all litter
IT COSTS £0.37 PER HOUR TO RUN 6 COMPUTERS ON STANDBY THAT ON NIGHT TIME RATES = £134.80
OFFICES Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
Turn on/off all computers & monitors
Turn off photocopiers/printers when idle
Turn on/off heating/air conditioning
Turn on/off lighting
All work stations clear & tidy
LEAVING A PHOTOCOPIER ON OVERNIGHT USES THE SAME ELECTRICITY AS PRINTING 5,000 A4 COPIES =£182.21 PER YEAR
INSERT OPERATION SPECIFIC ACTIONS Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
GENERAL Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
Ensure all toilet facilities stocked
Ensure mains filtered water prepared
Alarms must be set every night
Turn off main lighting
LEAVING 10 TELEVISIONS ON STANDBY OVERNIGHT = £61.32 PER YEAR
ON OPENING, PLEASE ENSURE ONLY NECESSARY UTILITIES ARE TURNED ON
AIR CONDITIONING & HEATING ONLY TO BE TURNED ON WHEN NECESSARY
LEAVE THE A BOARD OUTSIDE BUT KEEP THE DOOR SHUT
EISURELEISURE – BREATHE EASY GREEN SHEET
In busy retail and service environments it is essential that procedures are followed that
save energy and reduce emissions.
WASTE & RECYCLING Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
Ensure under desk bins are removed
Split dry from wet waste
Maintain employee engagement
Turn on/off lighting
All work stations clear & tidy
WASTE SENT TO LANDFILL COSTS £56.00 PER TONNE
CHANGING ROOMS Yes/No Comments Yes/No Comments
Turn on/off TVs & music
Turn on/off heating or air conditioning
Floors clear of litter
Lockers cleared out & doors closed
Toilet & sink areas clear
All waste appropriately disposed of
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
RETAIL FIT-OUT
The retail sector contributes around 7% of the total energy consumption within
buildings in the UK.
This guide has been been produced to provide practical and technical guidance
to retailers in their endeavours to attain optimum operational efficiency as well as
improving air quality.
The information below should be seen as a supplement to the sustainability
brochure and low carbon fit out documents produced by Land Securities.
Situation
The general public are increasingly aware of the
effect of operational emissions on climate change
and air quality
Energy costs are increasing and that trend looks set
to continue
Reducing energy demand, and associated
operating costs will increase profits
Choices
Choosing energy efficient equipment and
appliances can have a considerable impact
By carefully managing building loads, you can
reduce the size and cost of the Heating Ventilation
Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment
Heat Recovery from mechanical ventilation
effectively transfers the heat, which would
otherwise be wasted
Provide company sweatshirts for cleaning and
after-hours staff so temperatures can be lowered
during cooler seasons
Do not heat or cool storage areas that are rarely
occupied
Ensure timer switches and thermostats are set to
meet only minimum heating
Cover and lock thermostats in common areas
Just do it!
By properly designing internal systems, significant
operational savings, energy efficiency, air quality
and environmental improvements can be achieved
In the winter keep the heat in - Shut that door!
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
RETAIL & SERVICE AIR QUALITY CHECKLIST
Communication
Build air quality Into CR Reporting
Promote the health benefits of improving air quality
Raising awareness across all elements of operations
Supply Chain
Low/zero emission inbound deliveries
Low/zero emission outbound deliveries
Waste collection by low/zero emission vehicle
Transportation
Visitor journey planning and support
Promoting Walking & Cycling
Operations & Infrastructure
Shut that door!
Waste reduction
Waste consolidation
Green Roof
Low emission fit-out
With the kind support of:
Supported by www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/cityair
APPENDIX I – CAMPAIGN TOOLKIT
Throughout the document there are suggestions and examples of campaigns that
can be run in any businesses. The information below describes what is available
and how to access it.
The CityAir button
An iconic button has been developed to be used
by all organisations that work towards reducing
their impact on local air quality
The City would like businesses to use this button
alongside air quality improvement projects as well
as corporate communications
Tell employees about steps you have taken that
improve air quality
To apply for high resolution and web ready artwork,
please contact us using the links below, giving brief
details of the proposed project
To apply contact [email protected]
Walking & Cycling
Engage with all staff explaining the benefits of
walking and cycling
Use the low pollution WalkIt route planner to help
you plan a delay-free, healthy and green journey,
avoiding pollution hot spots
Launch a ‘walk to the client’ campaign (see case
study)
Use TfL’s Legible London maps for visibility
See below to apply to receive all information,
including intranet copy, imagery and campaign
ideas across a number of initiatives
To apply contact [email protected]
Campaigning
There are a range of other campaigns that you can
run, alongside walking and cycling
Visit the website for the latest information
Supported by
APPENDIX II – ZERO EMISSION ‘LAST MILE’
Case Study – ‘The Cargoycle & Electric Van’
Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) are responsible for 18 % of PM10 emissions in the City.
Research into the application of Euro standards has highlighted that the higher
standards do not deliver the expected improvements in emissions of NOx,
especially for diesel cars and LGVs.
The solution is simple – to improve air quality and our health, in the congested City,
we need zero emission ‘last mile’ delivery of as many goods and services as
possible. This case study shows what can be done, even on a small scale.
Challenges & Opportunities
Gnewt Cargo evaluated the existing Office Depot
deliveries to the City of London using diesel vans
against a system of Cargocycles and electric vans
for the final stage of delivery
A trial was conducted focussing on total distance
driven, road space occupancy and emissions
This trial is now ongoing best practice
The Solution
In the new system a diesel truck is used to transport
goods from the suburban depot to the City of
London microconsolidation centre for onward
delivery by Cargocycles and electric vans
The logistical implementation is not complex, based
merely on an understanding of a new delivery
methodology
Impact & Business Reality
Zero local air pollutant emissions were generated
The amount of space taken up by delivery vehicles
dropped by 50%
A tightening of the Low Emission Zone (LEZ) will push
up the price of the ‘standard’ delivery model
Gnewt Cargo won the 2010/2011 Sustainable City
Award for Transport and were runners up in the Air
Quality category
Work with fellow tenants and across your sector to
make a real difference – think air quality
Supported by With the kind permission of
