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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement Of Education and

Management of Educational InstitutionsEDUC 511

Nenita P. OganiaStudent

Dr. Amelia P. PajeProfessorial lecturer

Midterm Exam

1850-1940

Tasks/activities

Work is measured & Specified to get resultsWorkers were punished or rewardedTheorized by “father of scientific management” Frederick W. TaylorAdvanced the idea,”if there were best machine for a job so were there best ways for people to do their jobs”

1930-1950

Organizations with divisions & hierarchies in boxesWork with detailed operating procedures (SOP’s)Conceptualized by sociologist & political economist, Max Weber,The departure of classical theories

1930-Present

Recognition of unique individuals capabilitiesHuman resource dep’t were createdElton Mayo, “father of human relations” believed in increasing production by humanizing working conditionsPhilosophy of Hegel that Classical is the Thesis, Bureaucratic is the anti-thesisNeoclassical is the synthesis or the integration of the two

Systems theoryThe walis tingting philosophyOne part is integral to the other partContingency theory flexibilityAdaptabilityFitting needs to a situationThe alternatives

Scientific Theories

(classical )

Bureaucratic Theories

(Classical)

Human Relations Theories

(Neoclassical)

Contemporary Theories

Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory

Scientific Management approach by Taylor the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification

Individual is not a mechanical tool but a distinct social being, with aspirations beyond mere fulfillment of a few economic and security works.

Weber's Bureaucratic approach by Weber -based the concept of the formal organization on principles

Workgroup-highlighted the social facets of work groups or informal organizations that operate within a formal organization

Administrative theory by Fayol accomplishment of tasks, and include principles of management, the concept of line and staff, committees and functions of management.

Participative Management or decision making permits workers to participate in the decision making process.

Classical is more Capitalist Neo-Classic is more humanistic

Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory

-is related to wealth and introduced by Adam Smith an economist of classical school. 

-is related to human welfare by Marshall, an economist, described that "Economics is a science of human welfare"

-stressed the formal organization. It was mechanistic and ignored major aspects of human nature

-introduced an informal organization structure and emphasized the following principles: (individual ,workgroup,& participative)

Taylor's 'scientific management' - which focuses on work

neoclassical approach - which focuses on workers.

Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory

- is the accumulation and allocation of surplus output, and therefore their emphasis was on production and on the factors that influencethe supply of goods.

-focuses on individual choices, which unavoidably reflect subjective preferences and beliefs, and the allocation of given resources among alternative uses.

Classical theory paid comparatively little attention to choices of individuals.

as neoclassical economists theorize it, is the aggregate end product of individuals.

The classical economists have made consistent efforts to explain the rise of the capitalist mode of production in terms of historical analysis.

neoclassicaltheories are expressed in mathematical models which exclude the concept of history.

Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory

-gave way to a perspective in which value was associated with the relationship between the object and the person obtaining the object.

- abandonment of the classical theory of value based on the centrality of labor or work in the production of wealth and its replacementwith the "utility" gained from the consumption of wealth.

found value to be determined in production, that is, in the workshop or the factory, not the market place

Is a theory of supply-and-demand the value of a commodity is determined only by its subjective scarcity

its failure to reconcile the theory of the economy with the facts of the economy.

Differentiated activitiessome orgs allow workers to do many different activitiesPeople

Classical Theory Neoclassical Theory

from capital accumulation and growth to utility maximization and production efficiency

shifted the foundation of economics fromproduction to exchange.

in general, explained the social phenomena in terms of holism aspect of methodology-the primary interests are social entities such as capitalistsociety.

neoclassical economics is firmly grounded on a research program of methodological individualism- society is the collection of individuals. Individual wants,thoughts, and deeds combine to make society what it is.

Management Theory and Practice by NEGANDHI-STEFAN MODEL, which was coined into a “Performance Management Theory”. In this theory The Environment factors, affect Management Practices which are planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, directing, and controlling

Thank You!Nenita P. Ogania

Student