IMPERIALISM IN INDIA AND AFRICA

Imperialism

British East India Company

Decline of Mughal Empire British East India Company controlled 3/5 of India because India was culturally divided (many languages and traditions) & superior weapons

Goals of Company – make money, build roads (connect for trade), preserve peace, and curtail crime

militaryphotos.net

Problems/Issues with British Rule

Required Indian soldiers to serve any where overseas travel against religion

Allowed Hindu women to remarry (against religion)

Cartridges (bite tips off to use) greased with animal fat (cow – problem with Hindus or Pig – problem with Muslims)

Insensitive to beliefs and customs of Indian people

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Sepoy Rebellion

Sepoy- Muslim or Indian SoldiersSepoys refused to load the rifles ( Animal-fat

on bullets) Sepoy MutinySepoys massacred British men,

women, and childrenBritish crushed revolt Indian Villages and

slaughtered thousands of IndiansBritish government took over control of

India – no longer controlled the company.

British Rule in India - Pros

Built roads and railroadsImproved communication (telegraph and postal

system)Medical improvementsNew farming techniques increased food

supply (led to population growth)Legal system – justice for all

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British Rule in India - Cons

Hurt India’s hand weaving industry – sold machine made goods in India (machine made goods are cheaper/more of them)

Pushed farmers to grow cash crops (cotton) – strain on food supply (could not support large population) www.tapestry house.com

Imperialism in Africa

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Imperialism in Africa African Imperialism

Imperialism in Africa - Egypt

Suez Canal 1. Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea – short cut

between Europe and Asia (no longer have to go around Africa to get to Indian Ocean) 2. Built in 1869 with Egyptian labor and French money 3. Eventually, British purchased Egypt’s

shares in the canal British occupied Egypt

by 1882

Suez Canal

Imperialism in Africa – South Africa

Dutch arrived in the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 (pit stop between Netherlands and Asia)

Dutch settlers (Boers) established large farmsBritish took over the Cape Colony in the 1800s

– conflict between British and Boers

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Imperialism in Africa – South Africa

1830s – Boers moved north to escape British rule (Great Trek)

Discovery of gold and diamonds in Boer territory led to conflict

1899 – Boers vs. British (Boer Wars)Britain won1902 – Boer republics became part of

Union of South Africa, controlled by the British

Imperialism in Africa – Ethiopia and Liberia

Ethiopia and Liberia – only two nations to remain independent during the age of imperialism

http://laprensa-sandiego.org

Impact of Colonial Rule - Pros

Reduced local warfareImproved sanitationBuilt hospitals (increased life expectancy)

and schools (improved literacy)Built railroads, dams, and telephone and

telegraph lines

Impact of Colonial Rule - Cons

Africans lost control of their land and independence

Many died of new diseases such as smallpox

Many died trying t http://laprensa-sandiego.org o resist European control

Famine due to growth of cash crops instead of food

Breakdown of traditional African culture

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