Imperialism in China

Chinese Isolationism- Chinese centered world

Trading rules for other countries

pay a tributespecial portsKowtow ritual- bow

before emperor, touch head to floor nine times

Journal

How do you feel about Chinese trade laws?

Dutch trading partners

performed kowtowporcelain, silk, tea- In 1800, tea is

80% of trade to Europe

Great Britain

1793 – letter from King to the Chinese Emperor better trade arrangement brought gifts- advanced tech accept British manufactured goods refused to do the kowtow

China rejects offer –self sufficient Strong agriculture Mining=jobs- salt, tin, silver, iron Manufacturing- silks, cotton, porcelain

Trade imbalance tea drains silver supply of Britain Introduction of Opium in late 18th century- 1835-12 million

addicted

Failure to Remain Isolated

Opium War- 1838

Opium creates problems- social, moral, and monetary

Chinese advisor to Britain Stop trading opium Opium considered

harmful in China No reply- continued

trade

Journal

How did opium change your way of life?

Sea battles: Opium War #1 1839-1842; Opium War #2 1856-1869

Treaty of Nanjing 1842

Established a treaty port in ChinaThe British opened China to foreign

trade by imposing an unequal treatyChina had to agree to cede (give)

Hong Kong (and some other small islands) to the British

Made China open ports for foreign trade with LOW tariffs

Treaty of Nanjing-1842

1844- extraterritorial rights- opens four ports to US and other foreign trade- no Chinese laws

Christian missionaries get increased privileges

opium trade continues

Journal

Are you excited about the Treaty of Nanjing? Why or why not?

Internal Problems

Population increase 430 in 1850- 30% increase in 60 years

hunger- flooding of farm areas- millions starved

Chinese gov’t -corrupt and ineffective

Taiping Rebellion (1850-1871)

Taiping= “great peace” led by Hong Xiuquan- late 1840’s

influenced by Christian missionaries- Christ’s brother?

wanted “ Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”

1853- 1 million joined army Captured city of Nanjing 1864 – rebellion crushed 20+ million people died- hunger

and fighting

China under the Dowager Empress Cixi- 1861-1908

government call for reforms patterned on Western ways

committed to traditional values

Self-strengthening movement

Update education systemDiplomatic serviceMilitary

hired foreigners to run arsenals imported raw materials to build ships imbalance of trade

Foreign influence

Treaties give control of economy to Western powers

“Open Door Policy” (1898) suggested by U.S. US fears China will be divided between

powers Open China to trade from all countries

Guangxu (Dowager’s nephew) modernizes China

“100 Days Reform” – put in place after being defeated by Japan

Modern education (not just Confucianism)

EconomyMilitaryGovernmentCixi ends reform (“too radical”) and

imprisons Guangxu

Guangxu Emperor

Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901)

Chinese tired of special privileges for foreign powers and Christian missionaries

Society of Harmonious Fists- Boxers1900- siege of BeijingEmpress supports Boxers but does not send

military aid20,000 troops from many countries defeat

the BoxersNationalism emerges despite loss

Boxer Rebellion

Journal

From your perspective, what good can come out of the Boxer Rebellion?

End of an Empire

Cixi sends advisors to other countries

Constitutional government by 1917

Kuomintang- Nationalist Party

Sun Yixian (founder of Nationalist Party) Overthrows Qing – establishes republic

Yuan Shikai Military dictator Dies 1916

Chiang Kai- Shek (know his name) Takes over for Sun Yixian

Treaty of Versailles – end of WWI

Japan (!!!???) gets Chinese territoryMay Fourth Movement: mostly college

students Anti- western- trade, power, and

democracy A reaction to getting shafted in the Treaty

of Versailles Some student leaders shift to the “left” –

Communist Party of China founded 1921. Mao Zedong (know his name)

Civil War-1930