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Immunity
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Function:Function:
Destroy anything non-self (that has antigens)
Organs:– Red bone marrow – hemocytoblasts– Lymph nodes– Spleen
Organs, Tissues, and Cells of Organs, Tissues, and Cells of the Immune System the Immune System (cont.)(cont.)Tissues
– Tonsils– Appendix
Cells, chemicals◦Leukocytes (different types)◦Prostaglandins, interferon, histamine
Lymphatic system immunityLymphatic system immunity
Leukocytes – WBC’sLeukocytes – WBC’s
Lymphocytes: T-cells B-cells
Monocytes - - Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Nonspecific DefensesNonspecific Defenses
◦Barriers to entry Inflammatory response
Barriers to EntryBarriers to Entry
◦The skin◦The mucous membranes
Lysozyme in sebum and tearsHCl in stomach acid Low pH in vagina
Skin – lysozyme, architectureSkin – lysozyme, architecture
The Inflammatory ResponseThe Inflammatory Response
◦redness◦heat◦Swelling◦Pain
– Mast cells (basophils) release histamine– Neutrophils – 1st, quick– Macrophages – slower, bigger
The Inflammatory Response The Inflammatory Response (cont.)(cont.)
The Inflammatory Response The Inflammatory Response (cont.)(cont.)
agglutination
Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity
They can provide a “memory” of the infection.
Includes the lymphocytes◦T-cells◦B-cells
T Cells are firstT Cells are first
T-cell receptor sitesAntigenActivation(Cytotoxic) Killer T-cellsHelper T-cells Memory cells
B Cells and the Antibody B Cells and the Antibody ResponseResponse
Antigen receptor sitesHelper T-cellcytokinesactivationPlasma cellsantibodiesMemory B-cells
The Function of AntibodiesThe Function of Antibodiesmark pathogen for destruction Agglutination – MacrophageDisable toxins
ImmunityImmunity
Passive, natural = antibodies in breast milk
Passive, artificial = serum injection
Active, natural = memory cells/diseaseActive, artificial – memory cells/vaccine
AllergiesAllergies
Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune Diseases
• Autoimmune diseases◦ Multiple sclerosis◦ Systemic lupus◦ Rheumatoid arthritis