ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee One … · in “Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food ... crfsfs/crfsfsv3n2p0035-0104ms20040106.pdf ... by the ILSI International

INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

ON PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE SAFETY ASSESSMENT

OF FOOD PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee One Thomas Circle, NW, 9th Floor

Washington, D.C. 20005 U.S.A.

September 2004

List of International Documents and Scientific Publications on Plant Biotechnology

Compiled by the ILSI InternationalFood Biotechnology Committee

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About ILSI The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a nonprofit, worldwide foundation established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment. ILSI also works to provide the science base for global harmonization in these areas.

By bringing together scientists from academia, government, industry, and the public sector, ILSI seeks a balanced approach to solving problems of common concern for the well-being of the general public.

ILSI is headquartered in Washington, D.C. ILSI branches include Argentina, Brasil, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, North Africa and Gulf Region, North America, North Andean, South Africa, South Andean, Southeast Asia Region, the Focal Point in China, and the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. ILSI also accomplishes its work through the ILSI Research Foundation (composed of the ILSI Human Nutrition Institute and the ILSI Risk Science Institute) and the ILSI Center for Health Promotion. ILSI receives financial support from industry, government, and foundations.


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ILSI PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY............................................................................3

INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS AND REPORTS ON PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY .................................................4

NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS/GUIDELINES ................................................................................10

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES....................................................................................................................................14

General .............................................................................................................................................................................................................14

Detection Methods ........................................................................................................................................................................................24

Environmental.................................................................................................................................................................................................28

Allergenicity Assessment of Foods Derived from Genetically Modified Plants ..................................................................................42

Safety of Antibiotic Resistance Markers in Genetically Modified Plants .............................................................................................47

General Safety and Safety of Specific Genetically Modified Crops........................................................................................................51 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Canola .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 Corn.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 56 Cotton.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Potatoes....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Rice............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Soybeans..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Tomatoes..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66

Protein Safety..................................................................................................................................................................................................67

Advantages of Plant Biotechnology Products ..........................................................................................................................................71 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Corn.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 77 Cotton.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78 Emerging Economies ................................................................................................................................................................................. 82 Environmental............................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 Nutrition ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89 Pharmaceutical............................................................................................................................................................................................ 95

Animal Feed Performance .............................................................................................................................................................................99

Protein and DNA Detection in Meat and Milk from Animals Fed Genetically Modified Crops ..................................................... 113


Compiled by the ILSI InternationalFood Biotechnology Committee ILSI Publications Related to Food Biotechnology

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ILSI Publications Related to Food Biotechnology

Bruce A, Jackson A, Binns N (eds). 1993. Nutritional appraisal of novel foods. Proceedings of a workshop organized by International Life Sciences Institute, ILSI Europe, September 28-30, 1992, Brussels. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 44. Suppl 1. ILSI. 2003. Best Practices for the Conduct of Animal Studies to Evaluate Crops Genetically Modified for Input Traits. Prepared by a task force of the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee. ILSI Press. Washington D.C. Available at: http://www.ilsi.org/publications/pubslist.cfm?publicationid=476 ILSI. 2004. Nutritional and Safety Assessments of Foods and Feeds Nutritionally Improved through Biotechnology. Prepared by a task force of the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee. Published in “Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.” April 2004. Pp. 35-104. Available at: http://www.ift.org/pdfs/crfsfs/crfsfsv3n2p0035-0104ms20040106.pdf ILSI Allergy and Immunology Institute and International Food Biotechnology Council. 1996. Allergenicity of food produced by genetic modification. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, vol 36 suppl, CRC Press, Boca Raton. ILSI Europe. 1999. Safety assessment of viable genetically modified micro-organizms used in food. Consensus Guidelines reached at a workshop held in April 1999. ILSI Europe Report Series. ILSI Europe. 1995. The safety assessment of novel foods. Guidelines prepared by the ILSI Novel Food Task Force. ILSI Europe Report Series. ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. 1999. An evaluation of insect resistance management in Bt field corn: a science-based framework for risk assessment and risk management. Report of an Expert Panel. Jonas, DA, Antignac, E, Antoine, JM, et al. 1996. The safety assessment of novel foods. Food Chem Toxicol 34: 931-940. Madden, D. 1995. Food biotechnology--An Introduction. ILSI Europe Concise Monograph Series. ILSI Press, Washington DC


Compiled by the ILSI InternationalFood Biotechnology Committee International Documents and Reports on Plant Biotechnology

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International Documents and Reports on Plant Biotechnology

2004. Agricultural Biotechnology - Meeting the Needs of the Poor. The State of Food and Agriculture 2003-2004. FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, 2004: 1-209. Online as of 08/12/04. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5160e/y5160e00.htm 2003. Accessing Agricultural Biotechnology in Emerging Economies. OECD. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: 1-112 2003. Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Policies. Research at a Glance. IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute. Edited by P. Pardey, B. Koo. Briefs 1-6: 1-36. 2003. Considerations for the Safety Assessment of Animal Feedstuffs Derived from Genetically Modified Plants. OECD. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. No. 9: 1-46. 2003. Impact of New Biotechnologies, with Particular Attention to Sustainable Development, Including Food Security, Health and Economic Productivity. United Nations General Assembly - 58th Session. Report to Secretary General. A58/76: Pages 1-17. 2003. New Genetics, Food and Agriculture - Scientific Discoveries - Societal Dilemmas. New Genetics, Food and Agriculture - Scientific Discoveries - Societal Dilemmas. ICSU International Council for Science: 1-56. 2003. Report of Codex Alimentarius Commission. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Twenty-Sixth Session, FAO Headquarters, Rome, 30 June – 7 July 2003. 148 pp. 2003. Status of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biosafety in Selected Countries of the Balkans, the Caucasus and Moldova. FAO: 1-45 Online as of 08/12/04. ftp://ftp.fao.org/sd/SDR/SDRR/REUBIOSAFETY4-2.doc 2003. World Agriculture - Towards 2015-2030 - An FAO Perspective. Executive Summary. FAO: 1-10. www.fao.org/es/ESD/gstudies.htm 2002. Genetically Modified Plants for Food Use and Human Health. The Royal Society. 4-02: 1-20. Online as of 08/12/04. http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/files/statfiles/document-56.pdf


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee International Documents and Reports on Plant Biotechnology

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2002. Improving the Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods and Other Novel Foods in Canada - Report to the Government of Canada Biotechnology Ministerial Coordinating Committee. Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee CBAC: 1-91. 2002. Report of the OECD Workshop on Nutritional Assessment of Novel Foods and Feeds. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology Feb 2001. No. 5: 1-42. 2001. Conclusions & Recommendations. Agricultural Biotechnology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 7: 1-7.

2001. Issues and Options. Agricultural Biotechnology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 6: 1-20. 2001. Human Development Report 2001 - Making New Technologies Work For Human Development. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): 1-278. 2001. Impact I and Impact II: Interactions between Microbial Inoculants and Resident Populations in the Rhizosphere of Agronomically Important Crops in Typical Soils. Eco-Safe: Ecological and Environmental Biosafety Assessment of Novel Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Products. In: A Review of Results - EC Sponsored Research on Genetically Modified Organisms. European Commission. Eds. Kessler, C., Economidis, I. Chapter 2: 72-74. 2001. Introduction. Agricultural Biotechnoology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 1: 1-30. 2001. Opinion of the Scientific Committee On Plants Concerning The Adventitious Presence Of GM Seeds In Conventional Seeds. European Commission - Health and Consumer Protection Directorate - General: 1-20. 2001. Plant biotechnology in Canada. Crop Protection Institute of Canada: 1-25 2001. Present Status of Agricultural Biotechnology in Asia. Agricultural Biotechnoology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 3: 19-32. 2001. Press Statement by Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Figheries (MAFF): 1-2. 2001. Rice and Hope: Abolishing Poverty in Asia. IRRA. 1998-1999 Annual Report: 1-4. 2001. Risk Assessment and Management. Agricultural Biotechnology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 4: 1-8.



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2001. Scientific Context. Agricultural Biotechnoology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 2: 1-24. 2001. Studies of Interspecific Gene Transfer, Maintenance and Expression in Nature. In: A Review of Results - EC Sponsored Research on Genetically Modified Organisms. European Commission. Eds. Kessler, C., Economidis, I. Chapter 2: 64-65. 2001. Transgenic Releases, Analysis of Gene Flow and Fluctuations in Indigenous Bacterial Communities. In: A Review of Results - EC Sponsored Research on Genetically Modified Organisms. European Commission. Eds. Kessler, C., Economidis, I. Chapter 2: 57-59. 2001. Assessing the Risks Involved in the Release of Genetically Manipulated Microorganisms. In: A Review of Results - EC Sponsored Research on Genetically Modified Organisms. European Commission. Eds. Kessler, C., Economidis, I. Chapter 2: 62-64 2001. Using Biotechnology to Address Poverty Reduction and Food Security Problems in Asia. Agricultural Biotechnology, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Chap 5:1-11. Alexander, N., Toner, C. 2001. More U. S. Consumers Expect Biotech Benefits: Mixed Feelings, But Not Major Concern over Labeling. International Food Information Council (IFIC): 1-2. Aulrich, K., Bohme, H., Daenicke, R., Halle, I., Flachowsky, G. 2002. Novel Feeds - A Review of Experiments at our Institute. Food Research International 35: 285-293. Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA). 1997. Assessment Guidelines for Foods and Food Ingredients to be included in Standard A18 – Food derived from gene technology. Canberra. Bellon, M., Berthaud, J. 2004. Transgenic Maize and the Evolution of Landrace Diversity in Mexico. The Importance of Farmers' Behavior. Plant Physiology. 134: 883-888 Brookes, G. 2002. Anti GM crop sentiment and policies in the European Union - some economic consequences. Symposium Proceedings of the Plant Biotech Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Science and Hungarian Biotech Association on Plant Gene Technology - Environmental Friendly Agriculture, Academy of Sciences, 7th March 2000 : 1-7. Cohen, J., Quemada, H., Frederick, R. 2003. Food Safety and GM Crops - Implications for Developing Country Research. IFPRI International Food Policy Institute. Focus 10. Brief 16 of 17: 1-2. Dewar, A., May, M., Woiwod, I., Haylock, L., Champion, G., Garner, B., Sands, R., Qi, A., Pidgeon, J. 2003. A Novel Approach to the Use of Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant Crops for Environmental Benefit. Proceedings of the Royal Society. 270: 335-340.



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FAO/WHO. 2001. Allergenicity of Genetically Modified Foods. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Rome, 22-25 January, 2001: http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/ECONOMIC/ESN/gm/allergygm.pdf FAO/WHO. 2000. Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods of Plant Origin. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva WHO/SDE/PHE/FOS/00.6. FAO/WHO. 1996. Biotechnology and Food Safety. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. FAO, Food and Nutrition Paper 61. Fomin, A. 2001. Roundup Application Practices in Russia, Overview. In: Novel Approaches to Weed Control Using New Classes of Herbicides and Transgenic Plants Resistant to Herbicide, Moscow, Nauka. Series Genetic Engineering and Ecology - Eds. Skryabin, K., Spiridonov, Y. Vol 2: 64. Glover, J. 2002. Gene Flow Study - Implications for the Release of Genetically Modified Crops in Australia. Australia Bureau of Rural Sciences: 1-81. IFBC (International Food Biotechnology Council). 1990. Biotechnologies and Food: Assuring the Safety of Foods Produced by Genetic Modification. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 12: SI-SI96. James, C. 2002. Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2001 Feature: Bt Cotton. ISAAA Brief (26): 1-184. James, C. 2002. Preview: Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops. ISAAA Brief (27): 1-24. James, C. 2001. Preview: Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops. ISAAA Brief (21): 1-18. James, C. 2000. Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Brief. 17: 1-78. James, C. 1999. Preview Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Briefs (Brief 12): 1-16. James, C. 1999. Preview Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Briefs (Brief 12): 1-16. James, C. 1998. Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops. 1998. ISAAA Briefs (Brief 8): 1-52. Johanson, A., Ives, C. L. 2001. An Inventory of Agricultural Biotechnology for the Eastern and Central Africa Region. Michigan State University: 1-62. Johnson, L. 2002. The Benefits of Biotech. Cotton International. 69: 48-50.



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Kern, M. 2002. Plant Biotechnology - Perspectives for Developing Countries Between 2002 and 2025. Africal Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences. 2(2): 39-46. Luijben, M., Cohen, J. 2003 (Accessed on Internet 3/13/03). Developing Countries Forge Ahead in Crop Biotechnology for the Poor. Next Harvest – Conference Report. http://www.isnar.cgiar.org/ibs/PrintVersion.cfm?l=2007&P=1 Lupien, J. 2002. Quality and Safety Assessment of Foods Derived by Modern Biotechnology and their International Regulation. African Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences. 2(2): 31-38. Nordic Council. 1991. Food and New Biotechnology – Novelty, Safety and Control Aspects of Foods Made by New Biotechnology. Nord 1991: 18 Copenhagen. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 1999. Genetically Modified Crops: the ethical and social issues. London. OECD. 2000. Report of the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. OECD, Okinawa, Japan. http://www.oecd.org/subject/biotech/report_taskforce.pdf OECD. 2000. Consensus Document on the Biology of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean): http://www.oecd.org/ehs/ehsmono/soybean.pdf OECD. 1999. Consensus Document on the Biology of Oryza sativa (Rice): http://www.oecd.org/ehs/ehsmono/12E93640.pdf OECD. 1998. Report of the OECD Workshop on the Toxicological and Nutritional Testing of Novel Foods. OECD, Paris. OECD. 1997. Consensus Document on the Biology of Brassica napus L. (Oilseed rape): http://www.oecd.org/ehs/ehsmono/05e79505.pdf OECD. 1996. Food Safety Evaluation. OECD, Paris. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 1993. Safety Evaluation of Foods Derived by Modern Biotechnology: Concepts and Principles. OECD, Paris. Omiti, J., Chacha, R., Andama, M. 2002. Biotechnology Can Improve Food Security in Africa. African Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences. 2(2): 14-21 Pray, C., Naseem, A. 2003. Biotechnology R&D - Policy Options to Ensure Access and Benefits for the Poor. EWA Working Paper No. 03-08. FAO. Agriculture and Economic Development Analysis Division. No. 03-08: 1-37.



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Pray, C., Naseem, A. 2003. The Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology Research. FAO. Agriculture and Economic Development Analysis Division. ESA Working Paper --No. 03-07: 1-37. Raney, T., Pingali, P. 2004. Private Research and Public Goods - Implications of Biotechnology for Biodiversity. FAO, Agricultural and Development Economics Division. ESA Working Paper No. 04-07: 1-31. Rao, S. 2004. Status of Regulation of Genetically Engineered Products in Selected Countries - An Analysis. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India: 23-28. Stoger, E., Sack, M., Fischer, R., Christou. 2002. Plantibodies - Applictions, Advantages and Bottlenecks. Plant Biotechnology. 13: 161-166. The Royal Society. 2000. 7 Academies Report-Transgenic Plants and World Agriculture. http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/files/statfiles/keywords-116.txt The Royal Society. 1998. Genetically Modified Plants for Food Use. The Royal Society Statement. London. Trewavas, A. J., Leaver, C. J. 2001. Is Opposition to GM Crops Science or Politics (Question) An Investigation Into the Arguments That GM Crops Pose A Particular Threat To The Environment. EMBO Reports. 21(61): 455-459. WHO. 1995. Application of the Principles of Substantial Equivalence to the Safety Evaluation of Foods or Food components from plants derived by modern biotechnology. Report of a WHO workshop. World Health Organization, Geneva. WHO/FNU/FOS/95 WHO. 1993. Health aspects of marker genes in genetically modified plants. Report of a WHO workshop. World Health Organization, Geneva. WHO/FNU/FOS/93.6 WHO. 1991. Strategies for assessing the safety of foods produced by biotechnology. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee National Food Safety Regulations/Guidelines

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National Food Safety Regulations/Guidelines

2002. Prospective Plantings. Agricultural Statistics Board, NASS, USDA: 1-35. 2001. Biopesticides Registration Action Document: Revised Risks and Benefits Sections Bacillus Thuringiensis Plant - Pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency: 1-306. 2001. Biopesticides Registration Action Document: Revised Risks and Benefits Sections Bacillus Thuringiensis Plant - Pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency: 1-306. 2001. Bt-Maize - Case Study No. II. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology January, 2001: 1-70. 2001. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology - Introduction. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology January, 2001: 1-10. 2001. Exemption From The Requirement of a Tolerance Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for Residues Derived Through Conventional Breding From Sexually Compatible Plants of Plant-Incorporated Protectants (Formerly Plant-Pesticides). Environmetal Protection Agency (EPA): 1-62. 2001. Exemption From The Requirement of a Tolerance Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for Residues of Nucleic Acids that are Part of Plant-Incorporated Protectants (Formerly Plant-Pesticides). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): 1-35. 2001. Farm Animal (Goat) That Produces Human Drugs - Case Study No. IV. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology January, 2001: 1-20. 2001. Food Safety: Regulating Plant Agricultural Biotechnology in the United States. U. S. Department of State: International Information Programs. 8-27-2001. 2001. Food Safety: State and Federal Standards and Regulations. National Center for Agricultural Law Research and Information: 1-40. 2001. Growth-Enhanced Salmon - Case Study No. I. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology January, 2001: 1-47. 2001. Herbicide-Tolerant Soybean - Case Study No. III. CEQ/OSTP Assessment: Case Studies of Environment Regulation for Biotechnology January, 2001: 1-57.



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2001. Other Business and Future Work Discussion Paper on Misleading Food Labels (Prepared by the United States). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee On Food Labelling 29th Session Ottawa, Canada, 1-4 May 2001 (CX/FL 01/13): 1-12. 2001. Plant-Incorporated Protectants (Formerly Plant-Pesticides) Supplemental Proposal. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): 1-38. 2001. Prospective Plantings - March 2001. NASS, USDA - Agricultural Statistics Board: 1-37. 2001. Regulations Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act for Plant-Incorporated Protectants (Formerly Plant-Pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): 1-117. 2001. Sets of Scientific Issues Being Considered by the Environmental Protection Agency Regarding: Bt Plant-Pesticides Risk and Benefit Assessments. FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting, October 18-20, 2000, held at the Marriott Crystal City Hotel (2000-07): 1-78. 2001. Vertical Coordination of Agriculture in Farming-Dependent Areas. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) (137): 1-49. 2000. Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology in the United States: How the Process Works. International Consumers For Civil Society (ICFCS). 3-21-2001. www.icfcs.org/biotechregs.pdf: 1-12 1999. EPA and USDA Position Paper On Insect Resistance Management in Bt Crops. Environmental Protection Agency. 7-25-2001 http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/otherdocs/bt_position_paper_618.htm: 1-15 ACNFP (Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes) (1991) Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects, No. 38. Guidelines on the Assessment of Novel Foods and Processes. London (HMSO). Chassy, B., Abramson, S., Bridges, A., Dyer, W., Fause, M., Harlander, S., Hefle, S., Munro, I., Rice, M., Martin, G., Miller, S., Pitts, K., Smith, S. 2001. Evaluation of the US Regulatory Process for Crops Developed Through Biotechynology. Council for Agricultrual Science and Technology. (19): 1-14. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Response Of The Environmental Protection Agency To Petition For Rulemaking And Collateral Relief Concerning The Registration and Use Of Genetically Engineered Plants Expressing Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxins, Submitted by Petitioners Greenpeace International, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, International Center for Technology Assessment, et al. http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/petition.pdf



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EU Scientific Committee for Food. 1996. SCF Opinions on the Assessment of Novel Foods, I-Recommendations Concerning The Scientific Aspects Of Information Necessary To Support Application For Placing On The Market Of Novel Foods And Novel Food Ingredients. European Commission, Brussels. Evans, M. 2001. Feed Situation and Outlook Yearbook. Market and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture: 1-48. Food and Drug Administration. 1992. Statement of Policy: Foods Derived From New Plant Varieties. Notice, Federal Register 57. 104: 22984-23005. Food and Drug Administration. 1998. Guidance for Industry: Use Of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes In Transgenic Plants. p 28. Health Council of the Netherlands. 1992. Safety Of Food Produced By New Biotechnology. Publication No. 92.03E. The Hague. Health Protection Branch. 1994. Guidelines for the Safety Assessment Of Novel Foods. Vol I and II. Health Canada, Ottawa, James, C. 1999. Preview: Global Review Of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Briefs No. 12, ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, Karenlampi, S. 1996. Health Effects Of Marker Genes In Genetically Engineered Food Plants. Nordic Council, Copenhagen, TemaNord 1996: 530. Kessler, DA, Taylor, MR, Maryanski, JH, et al. 1992. The Safety Of Foods Developed By Biotechnology. Science 256:1747 Mansour, M. 2001. Effects on Global Trade - Setting International Food Standards via Codex Alimentarius. Journal Animal Science. 79. Suppl. 1: 56. Abstract 234. Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW). 1996. Guidelines for the Safety Assessment Of Foods And Food Additives Produced By rDNA Techniques. Japan Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation. 1991. Food and New Biotechnology--Novelty, Safety And Control Aspects Of Foods Made By New Biotechnology. Nordic Council, Copenhagen, Nord 1991:18 Official Journal of the European Communities. January 10, 2000. Regulation (EC) No 49/2000 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1139/98 concerning the compulsory indication on the labelling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC. No L6 pp. 13-14.



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Official Journal of the European Communities. January 10, 2000. Regulation (EC) No 50/2000 on the labelling of foodstuffs and food ingredients containing additives and flavourings that have been genetically modified or have been produced from genetically modified organisms. No L6 pp. 15-17. Official Journal of the European Communities. May 26, 1998. Regulation (EC) No 1139/98 concerning the compulsory indication of the labelling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC. No L159 pp. 4-7 Official Journal of the European Communities. January 27, 1997. Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of The European Parliament and of the Council. No L43-1 p 7 Official Journal of the European Communities. September 22, 2003. Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council 18.10.2003 L 268/1 Official Journal of the European Union, April 7, 2004. Commission Regulation (EC) No 641/2004 of 6 April 2004 on detailed rules for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the application for the authorisation of new genetically modified food and feed, the notification of existing products and adventitious or technically unavoidable presence of genetically modified material which has benefited from a favourable risk evaluation L 102/14 Official Journal of the European Union, October 18, 2003. Regulation (EC) No 1830/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending Directive 2001/18/EC. L 268/24 Primary Production Company (ed). 1998. Regulations for agricultural products derived from biotechnology. Proceedings of the ASEAN Workshop, April 1-2, 1998, Singapore. Thompson, G. D., Head, G. 2001. Implications of Regulating Insect Resistance Management. American Entomologist. 47 (1): 6-10.


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Articles - General

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Scientific Articles: General 2004. Issues in the Regulation of Genetically Engineered Plants and Animals - Executive Summary. Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology: 1-15. 2003. GM Crops. Coexistence and Liability Table of Contents and Executive Summary. AEBC. Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission: 1-12. 2003. GM Crops. Coexistence and Liability. Part 1 - Context and Scope. AEBC. Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission: 13-54. 2003. GM Crops. Coexistence and Liability. Part 11 - Could Protocols Work within the Likely Future Pattern of UK. AEBC. Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission: 55-110.. 2003. GM Crops. Coexistence and Liability. Part 11 - Could Protocols Work within the Likely Future Pattern of UK. AEBC. Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission: 55-110.. 2003. GM Science Review. First Report. An Open Review of the Science Relevant to GM Crops and Food Based on Interests and Concerns of the Public. GM Science Review Panel: 298 Pages. http://www.gmsciencedebate.org.uk/report/default.htm 2003. Introduction - The Farm Scale Evaluations. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 358: 1777-1778. 2002. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Sugar Beet - Key Food and Feed Nutrients and Anti-Nutrients. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. 3: 1-26. 2002. Report of the OECD Workshop on Nutritional Assessment of Novel Foods and Feeds. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology Feb 2001. No. 5: 1-42. 2001. ASPB Statement on Genetic Modification of Plants Using Biotechnology. American Society of Plant Physiologists/American Society of Plant Biologists. 5-5-2001, www.aspp.org/aspb_statement_on_genetic_modifi.htm: 1-2. 2001. Biotechnology Position Statement. American Bakers Assn: 1-11. 2001. Breaking New Ground in Breeding Wheat for Disease Resistance. CIMMYT. 5-14-2001, www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/whatiscimmyt/ar99_2000/future/breaking/breaking.htm: 1-4.


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Articles

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2001. Harvest on the Horizon - Future Uses of Agricultural Biotechnology. The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology: 1-105. 2001. Plant Biotechnology Regulation - Science-Based and Consumer Accessible from Plow to Plate. American Crop Protection Assn.: 1-4. 2001. Wheat in the Developing World. CIMMYT. 5-14-2001, www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/research/wheat/map/developing_world/wheat_developing_world.htm: 1-9. 2000. Genetically Modified Crops and Foods. American Medical Association. 1-10-2001 www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/article/2036-3604.html (10): 1-3. Adam, D. 2003. Transgenic Crop Trial's Gene Flow Turns Weeds into Wimps Nature 421: 462. Bourgaud, F., Gravot, A., Milesi, S., Gontier, E. 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites - a historical perspective. Plant Science. 161: 839-851. Bergelson, J., Kreitman, M., Stahl, E. A., Tian, D. 2001. Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant R-Genes. Science. 292 (5525): 2281-2285. Blair, T. 2001. Biotechnology is a Weapon Loaded with Future. Trends: 1-3. Bowles, D., Klee, H. 2001. Introduction to the Special Issues on Plant GM Technology. The Plant Journal. 27(6): 481-482. Brandt, P. 2003. Overview of the Current Status of Genetically Modified Plants in Europe as Compared to the USA. Journal of Plant Physiology. 160: 735-742. Braunchweiger G, Conzelmann C (1997) Food Industry Supplies Obtained Through Genetic Modification: What’s Already In The Market? In: Schreiber GA, Bogl KW (eds) Food produced by means of genetic engineering. Bundesinstitüt für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinarmedizin, Berlin. Brewer MS, Kendall P (1995) Position of the American Dietetic Association: Biotechnology And The Future Of Food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95: 1429-1432. Brown, K. 2001. Seeds of Concern. Scientific American: 52-61. Brown, K. 2001. Florida Fights to Stop Citrus Canker. Science. 292 (5525): 2275-2276. Bruce, W., Edmeades, G., Barker, T. 2002. Molecular and Physiological Approaches to Maize Improvement for Drought Tolrance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 53(366): 13-25.



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Pardigol, A., Guillet, S., Popping, B. 2003. A Simple Procedure for Quantification of Genetically Modified Organisms Using Hybrid Amplicon Standards. European Food Research and Technology. 5: 412-420. Permingeat, H., Reggiardo, M., Vallejos, R. 2002. Detection And Quantification Of Transgenes In Grains By Multiplex And Real-Time Pcr. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50: 4431 - 4436. Radström, P., Knutsson, R., Wolffs, P., Lövenklev, M., Löfström, C., 2004. Pre-PCR processing. Molecular Biotechnology 26: 133-146 Rutledge, R.G., Côté, C, 2003. Mathematics of quantitative kinetic PCR and athe application of tandard curves. Nucelic Acid research 31(16) e93 Stave, J. 2002. Protein Immunoassay Methods For Detection Of Biotech Crops: Applications, Limitations, And Practical Considerations. Journal of AOAC International. 85(3): 780 - 786. Tengel, C; Schussler, P; Setzke, E; Balles, J; Sprenger-Haussels, M. 2001. PCR-Based Detection Of Genetically Modified Soybean And Maize In Raw And Highly Processed Foodstuffs. Biotechniques. 31(2): 426 - 429. van Duijn, G., van Biert, R., Bleeker-Marcelis, H., van Boeijen, I., Adan, A., Jhakrie, S., Hessing, M. 2002. Detection Of Genetically Modified Organisms In Foods By Protein- And DNA-based Techniques: Bridging The Methods. Journal of AOAC International. 85(3): 787 - 791. Wolf, C; Scherzinger, M; Wurz, A; Pauli, U; Hubner, P; Luthy, J. 2000. Detection Of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus By The Polymerase Chain Reaction: Testing of Food Components For False-positive 35s-promoter Screening Results. European Food Research And Technology 210(5):367 - 372. Yamaguchi, H., Sasaki, K., Kidachi, Y., Shirama, K.., Kiyokawa, S., Ryoyama, K., Matsuoka, T., Hino, A., Umetsu, H., Kamada, H. 2001. Detection of Recombinant DNA in Genetically Modified Soybeans and Tofu. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Gakkaishi . 7(2): 112


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Journals Articles – Environmental

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Scientific Articles

Environmental 2003. GM Crops and Co-existence. Proceedings - The 1st European Conference on the Co-existence of Genetically Modified Crops with Conventioinal and Organic Crops. DIAS-Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences. GMCC-03: 1-228. 2003. Have Transgenes Will Travel - Issues Raised by Gene Flow from Genetically Engineered Crops. PEW Initiative on Food and Biotechnology: 1-15. Adamczyk, J., Hardee, D., Adams, L., Sumerford, D. 2001. Correlating Differences In Larval Survival And Development Of Bollworm (lepidoptera : Noctuidae) And Fall Armyworm (lepidoptera : Noctuidae) To Differential Expression Of Cry1a (c) Delta-endotoxin In Various Plant Parts Among Commercial Cultivars of Trans. Journal of Economic Entomology. 94(1); 284-290. Ainsworth, N. 2003. Integration of Herbicides with Arthropod Biocontrol Agents for Weed Control. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 13(6): 547-570. Al-Deeb, M., Wilde, G., Blair, J., Todd, T. 2003. Effect of Bt Corn f or Corn Rootworm Control on Nontarget Soil Microarthropods and Nematodes. Biological Control - Microbials. 32(4): 859-865. Alford, C., Nelson, K., Miller, S. 2003. Plant Population, Row Spacing and Herbicide Effects on Weeds and Yield in Sugarbeets. International Sugar Journal. 105(1254): 283-285 Ammann, K. 2003. Biodiversity and Agricultural Biotechnology - A Review of the Impact of Agricultural Biotechnology on Biodiversity. Botanischer Garten Bern: 1-54. Arnaud, J., Viard, F., Delescluse, M., Cuguen, J. 2003. Evidence for Gene Flow via Seed Dispersal from Crop to Wild Reltives in Beta vulgaris 0 Chenopodiaceae - Consequences for the Release of Genetically Modified Crop Species with Weedy Lineages. Proc Royal Society of London - Series B - Biological Sciences. 270(1524): 1565-1571. Babu, R., Sajeena, A., Seetharaman, K., Reddy, M. 2003. Advances in Genetically Engineered -transgenic- Plants in Pest Management - An Overview. Crop Protection. 22: 1071-1086. Bacon, C., Yates, I., Hinton, D., Meredith, F. 2001. Biological Control of Fusarium moniliforme in Maize. Environmental Health Perspectives. 109. Supp. 2: 325-332. Baerson, S., Rodriguez, D., Biest, N., You, J., Dreuger, R., Dill, G., Pratley, J., Gruys, K. 2002. Investigating the Mechanism of Glyphosate Resistance in Rigid Ryegrass -Lolium rigidum. Weed Science. 50: 721-730.



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Bailey, W., Brownie, C., Bacheler, J., Gould, F., Kennedy, G., Sorenson, C., Roe, R. 2001. Species Diagnosis and Bacillus thuringiensis Resistance Monitoring of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Field Strains from the Southern United States Using Feeding Disruption Bioassays. Environmental Entomology. 94(1) 76-85. Banks, P., Branham, B., Harrison, K., Whitson, T., Heap, I. 2004. Determination of the Potential Impact from the Release of Glyphosate- and Glufosinate- Resistant Agrostis stolonifera L. in Various Crop and Non-crop Ecosystems. Weed Science Society of America: 1-65. Bartsch, D., Cuguen, J., Biancardi, E., Sweet, J. 2003. Environmental Implicatioins of Gene Flow from Sugar Beet to Wild Beet - Current Status and Future Research Needs. Environmental Biosafety Research. 2(2): 105-115. Batie, S. 2003. The Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified Plants - Challenges to Decision Making. American Journal of Agrcultural Economics. 85(5): 1107-1111. Bell, J., Haughton, A., Boatman., Wilcox, A. 2002. Do Incremental Increases of the Herbicide Glyphosate Have Indirect Consequences for Spider Communities. The Journal of Arachnology 30: 288-297. Bitzer, R., Buckelew, L., Pedigo, L.. 2002. Effects Of Transgenic Herbicide-resistant Soybean Varieties And Systems On Surface-active Springtails - entognatha Collembola. Environmental Entomology 31(3): 449 - 461. Boatman, N., Hart, A., Clook, M., Brown, V., Holland, J., Lutman, P. 2003. A Risk Assessment Framework for Determining the Effects of Pesticides on Farmland Biodiversity. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 239-244. Bourguet, D., Chaufaux, J., Micoud, A., Delos, M., Naibo, B., Bombarde, F., Marque, G., Eychenne, N., Pagliari, C. 2002. Ostrinia nubilalis Parasitism and the Field Abundance of Non-target Insects in Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Corn - zea mays. Environmental Biosafety Res. 1: 49-60. Brickle, D., Turnipseed, S., Sullivan, M. 2001. Efficacy of insecticides of different chemistries against helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera - noctuidae) in Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis and conventional cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology. 94(1): 8. Brookes, G., Barfoot, P. 2004. Co-existence of GM and Non GM Arable Crops - Case Study of the EU. PG Economics Ltd.: 1-22. Brookes, G., Barfoot, P. 2003. Co-existence of GM and Non GM Arable Crops - Case Study of the UK. PG Economics Ltd.: 1-27. Brookes, D., Bohan, D., Champion, G., Haughton, A., Hawes, C. et al. 2003. Invertebrate Responses to the Management of Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant and Conventional Spring Crops. I. Soil-surface-active



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Invertebrates. The Farm Scale Evaluations. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 358: 1847-1862. Carpenter, J., Wolfenbarger, L. L., Phifer, P. R. 2001. GM Crops and Patterns of Pesticide Use. Science. 292: 637-639. Carriere, Y., Dennehy, T., Pedersen, B., Haller, S., Ellers-Kirk, C., Antilla, L., Liu, Y., Willott, E., Tabashnik, B. 2001. Large-Scale Management of Insect Resistance to Transgenic Cotton in Arizona: Can Transgenic Insecticidal Crops be Sustained. Journal of Economic Entomology. 94(2) 315-325. Cerda, H. 2002. A High-dose Refugia Management Strategy for Bt Transgenic Crops - Spraying the Refugia. Antenna. 26(2): 124 - 126. Champion, G., May, M. 2003. Managing Weeds for Environmental Benefit in GMHT Sugar Beet. The BCPC International Congress: Crop Science and Technology, Volumes 1 and 2. Proceedings of an International Congress held at the SECC, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 10-12 November 2003: 537-542. Christou, P. 2002. No Credible Scientific Evidence is Presented to Support Claims that Transgenic DNA Was Introgressed into Traditional Maize Landraces In Oaxaca, Mexico. Transgenic Research. 11: iii-v. Coghlan, A. 2003. GM Sugar Beet Far More Environmentally Friendly. New Scientist.com: 1-2. Accessed on web 1/14/04 at: http://www.newscientist.com/news/print.jsp?id=ns99994444 Cowgill, S., Atkinson, G. 2003. A Sequential Approach to Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants Expressing Protease Inhibitors - Effects on Nontarget Herbivorous Insects. Transgenic Research. 12: 439-449. Dale, P. 2001. Environmental Impact of Biotech Crops. Journal of Animal Science. 79. Suppl. E: E144-E147. Dewar, A., Haylock, L., Garner, B., Sands, R., May, M. 2003. Environmentally-friendly Crop Protection in GM Herbicide-tolerant Sugar Beet. 7th ICABR Int'l Conference on Public Goods and Public Policy for Agricultural Biotechnology, Ravello, Italy, June 29 to July 3, 2003: 1-19. Dewar, A., Haylock, L., May, M., Beane, J., Perry, R. 2001. Control of Volunteer Potatoes in Gm Herbicide-tolerant Sugar Beet and the Consequences for Populations of Potato Cyst Nematodes. British Sugar Beet Review. 69(4): 19 - 23. Diggle, A., Neve, P., Smith, F. 2003. Herbicides Used in Combination Can Reduce the Probability of Herbicide Resistance in Finite Weed Populations. Weed Research. 43: 371-382. Dutton, A., Klein, H., Romeis, J., Bigler, F. 2003. Prey-mediated Effects of Bacillus Thuringiensis Spray on the Predator Chrysoperla Carnea in Maize. Biological Control. 26(2): 209 - 215.



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Dunfield, K.E., Germida, J.J. 2004. Impact of Genetically Modified Crops on Soil- and Plant-Associated Microbiall Communities. Journal of Environmental Quality. 33: 806-815. Duvick, D. N. 2001. Biotechnology in the 1930s: The Development of Hybrid Maize. Nature Reviews. 2: 69-74. Ervin, D., Welsh, R., Batie, S., Carpentier, C. 2003. Towards an Ecological Systems Approach in Public Research for Environmental Regulation of Transgenic Crops. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 99: 1-14. Estruch, JJ, Carozzi, NB, Desai, N et al. 1997. Transgenic Plants: An Emerging Approach to Pest Control. Nat Biotechnol. 15: 137-141. Federici, B. 2003. Effects of Bt on Non-target Organisms. Journal of New Seeds. 5(1): 11-30. Fennimore, S., Umeda, K.. 2003. Weed Control In Glyphosate-tolerant Lettuce (lactuca Sativa). Weed Technology. 17(4): 738-746. Felke, M., Lorenz, N., Langenbruch, G. A. 2002. Laboratory Studies on The Effects of Pollen From Bt-maize on Larvae of Some Butterfly Species. Journal of Applied Entomology 126(6): 320 - 325. Fox, J. 2003. Resistance to Bt Toxin Surprisingly Absent from Pests. Nature Biotechnology. 21(9): 958-959. Gahan, L., Gould, F., Heckel, D. 2001. Identification of a Gene Associated with Bt Resistance in Heliothis virescens SUPPLEMENT. Science. 293(5531): 857-860. Gianessi, L., Silvers, C. 2001. The Potential for Biotechnology to Improve Crop Pest Management in the US, 30 Crop Study. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-13. Gore, J., Leonard, B., Adamczyk, J. 2001. Bollworm (Lepidoptera - Noctuidae) Survival on Bollgard and Bollgard II Cotton Flower Bud and Flower Components. Journal Economic Entomology. 94(6): 1445-1451. Gressel, J., Al-Ahmad, H. 2003. Containment and Mitigation of Transgene Flow from Crops. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 1175-1180. Griffitts, J., Whitacre, J., Stevens, D., Aroian, R. 2001. Bt Toxin Resistance from Loss of a Putative Carbohydrate-Modifying Enzyme. Science. 293: 860-864. Groot, A., Dicke, M. 2002. Insect-Resistant Transgenic Plants in a Multi-trophic Context. The Plant Journal. 31(4)3:18:19 PM 387-406.



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Guza, C., Ransom, C., Mallory-Smith, C. 2002. Weed Control In Glyphosate-resistant Sugarbeet (beta Vulgaris L.). Journal of Sugar Beet Research. 39(3/4): 109 - 123. Haney, R., Senseman, S., Hons, F. 2002. Bioremediation and Biodegradation - Effect of Roundup Ultra on Microbial Activity and Biomass from Selected Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31: 730-735. Haughton, A., Champion, G., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Brooks, D. et al. 2003. Invertebrate Responses to the Management of Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant and Conventional Spring Crops. II. Within-field Epigeal and Aerial Arthropods. The Farm Scale Evaluations. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 385: 1863-1877. Hawes, C., Haughton, A., Osborne, J., Roy, D., Clark, S. 2003. Responses of Plants and Invertebrate Trophic Groups to Contrasting Herbicide Regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant Crops. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 358: 1899-1913. Head, G., Surber, J., Watson, J., Martin, J., Duan, J. 2002. No Detection of Cry1Ac Protein in Soil after Multiple Years of Transgenic Bt Cotton (Bollgard) Use. Environmental Entomology. 31(1): 30-36. Head, G., Brown, C., Groth, M. Duan, J. 2001. Cry1Ab Protein Levels in Phytophagous Insects Feeding on Transgenic Corn: Implications for Secondary Exposure Risk Assessment. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata. 99(1): 37 - 45. Heard, M., Hawes, C., Champion, G., Clark, S., Firbank, L. et al. 2003. Weeds in Fields with Contrasting Conventional and Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant Crops. II. Effects on Individual Species. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 358: 1833-1846. Heard, M., Hawes, C., Champion, G., Clark, S., et al. 2003. Weeds in Fields with Contrasting Conventional and Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant Crops. I. Effects on Abundance and Diversity. The Farm Scale Evaluations. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London. 358: 1819-1832. Hellwig, K., Johnson, W., Massey, R. 2003. Weed Management and Economic Returns in No-Tillage Herbicide-Resistant Corn - Zea mays. Weed Technology. 17: 239-248. Hellmich, R. L., Siegfried, B. D., Sears, M. K., Stanely-Horn, D. E., Daniels, M. J., Mattila, H. R., Spencer, T., Bidne, K. G., Lewis, L. C. 2001. Monarch Larvae Sensitivity to Bacillus Thuringiensis - Purified Proteins and Pollen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98(21): 11925-11930. Herman, R., Scherer, P., Wolt, J. 2002. Rapid Degradation of a Binary PS149B1, delta Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis ini Soil, and a Novel Mathematical Model for Fitting Curve-Linear Decay. Environmental Entomology. Physiological and Chemical Ecology. 31(2): 208-214.



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Herman, R., Evans, S., Shanahan, D., Mihaliak, C., Bormett, G., Young, D., Buehrer, J. 2001. Rapid Degradation of Cry1F Delta-Endotoxin in Soil. Physiology and Chemical Ecology 30(4): 728-735. Heuer, H., Kroppenstedt, R., Lottmann, J., Berg, G., Smalla, K. 2002. Effects of T4 Lysozyme Release from Transgenic Potato Roots on Bacterial Rhizosphere Communities are Negligible Relative to Natural Factors. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68(3): 1325-1335. Horner, T., Dively, G. 2003. Effect Of Mon810 Bt Field Corn on Helicoverpa Zea (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cannibalism and its Implications to Resistance Development.. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 931 - 934. Hucl, P., MatusCadiz, M. 2001. Isolation Distances for Minimizing Out-Crossing in Spring Wheat. 41: 1348-1351. Hurley, T. M.; Babcock, B. A.; Hellmich, R. L. 2001. Bt Corn and Insect Resistance: An Economic Assessment of Refuges. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 26(1): 176 - 194. Jesse, L., Obrycki, J. 2002. Assessment Of The Non-target Effects Of Transgenic Bt Corn Pollen and Anthers on the Milkweed Tiger Moth, Euchatias Egle Drury -lepidoptera Arctiidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 75(1): 55 - 58. Kaplan, K. 2002. Bt Corn Poses No Significant Risk to Monarchs. Agricultural Research. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/ar/archive/feb02 Kleter, G., Kuiper, H., Voss, G. [Editor], Ramos, G. [Editor]. 2003. Environmental Fate and Impact Considerations Related to the Use of Transgenic Crops. Chemistry of Crop Protection - Progress and Prospects in Science and Regluation. Chapter 23: 304-321 10th IUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection, Basle, Switzerland, 4-9th Aug, 2002 Kovalchuk, I., Kovalchuk, O., Hohn, B. 2001. Biomonitoring the genotoxicity of environmental factors with transgenic plants. Trends in Plant Science. 6(7): 306-310. Kowalchuk, G., Bruinsma, M., van Veen, J. 2003. Assessing Responses of Soil Microorganisms to GM Plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 18(8): 403-410. Kwon, Y., Kim, D. 2001. Herbicide-resistant Genetically-modified Crop - Its Risks with an Emphasis on Gene Flow. Weed Biology and Management. 1: 42-52. Kwon, Y., Kim, D., Yim, K. 2001. Herbicide-resistant Genetically Modified Crop - Assessment and Management of Gene Flow. Weed Biology and Management. 1: 96-107. Krattiger, A. 1997. Insect resistance in crops: A Case Study of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its Transfer to Developing Countries. ISAAA Briefs No. 2, ISAAA, Ithaca, NY.



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Lavigne, C., Klein, E., Couvet, D. 2002. Using Seed Purity Data to Estimate an Average Pollen Mediated Gene Flow from Crops to Wild Relatives. Theor Appl Genet. 104: 139-145. Lee, C., Penner, D., Hammerschmidt, R. 2003. Glyphosate and Shade Effects on Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Defense Response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Weed Science. 51: 294-298. Liu, Y., Tabashnikk, B., Dennehy, T., Patin, A., Sims, M., Meyer, S., Carriere, Y. 2001. Development Time And Resistance Effects of Bt Cotton and Cry1Ac Toxin on Survival and Development of Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 94(5): 1237-1242. Locke, M., Reddy, K., Zablotowicz, R. 2002. Weed Mnaagement in Conservation Crop Production Systems. Weed Biology and Management. 2: 123-132. Losey, J. E., Calvin, D. D., Carter, M. E., Mason, C. E. 2001. Evaluation of Noncorn Host Plants as a Refuge in a Resistance Management Program For European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt-Corn. Environmental Entomology. 30(4): 728-735. Lyon, D., Bussan, A., Evans, J., Mallory-Smith, C., Peeper, T. 2002. Pest Management Implicationsof Glyphosate-Resistant Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Western United States. Weed Technology. 16(3): 680-690. MacRae, T. 2001. Correction to Holotype Deposition of Purpuricenus Linsleyi Chemsak (Coleoptera - Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 77(4): 1p. Magg, T., Melchinger, A., Klein, D., Bohn, M. 2001. Comparison of Bt Maize Hybrids with their Non-transgenic Counterparts and Commercial Varieties for Resistance to European Corn Borer and for Agronomic Traits. Plant Breeding. 120: 397-403. Malone, LA; Burgess, EPJ; Gatehouse, HS; Voisey, CR; Tregidga, EL; Philip, BA. 2001. Effects Of Ingestion Of A Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin And A Trypsin Inhibitor On Honey Bee Flight Activity And Longevity. Apidologie . 32(1) 57 - 68. Malone, L., Pham-Delegue, M. 2001. Effects of Transgene Products on Honey Bees - Apis mellifera - and Bumblebees - Bombus sp. Apidologie. 32: 287-304. Marasas, W. 2001. Discovery and Occurrence of the Fumonisins - A Historical Perspective. Environmental Health Perspectives. 109. Suppl. 2: 239-243. Martinez-Ghersa, M.A., Worster, C., Radosevich, S. 2003. Concerns a Weed Scientist Might Have About Herbicide-tolerant Crops - A Revisitation. Weed Technology. 17: 202-210. Marvier, M. 2001. Ecology of Transgenic Crops - Genetically Engineered Plants Might Generate Weed



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Problems and Affect Nontarget Organisms, but Measuring the Risk is Difficult. American Scientist Online. 89 March-April(2): 160-169. May, M., Champion, G., Qi, A. 2003. Novel Weed Management Options in Gm Herbicide Tolerant Sugar Beet. International Sugar Journal. 105(1255): 322 - 329. May, M., Champion, G., Qi, A. 2003. Opportunities for Weed Manipulation Using GMHT Row Crops. 7th ICABR Int'l Conference on Public Goods and Public Policy for Agricultural Biotechnology, Ravello, Italy, June 29 to July 3, 2003: 1-16. McKee, M.J., Fernandez, S., Nickson, T., Head, G. 2003. An Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops in the US. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 1075-1084. McPherson, R., Johnson, W., Mullinix, B. Jr., Mills, W., 3rd; Peebles, F. 2003. Influence of Herbicide Tolerant Soybean Production Systems on Insect Pest Populations and Pest-induced Crop Damage. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 690 - 698. Meier, M. S.; Hilbeck, A. 2001. Influence Of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Corn-fed Prey On Prey Preference Of Immature Chrysoperla Carnea (neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2(1): 35 - 44. Men, X., Ge, F., Liu, X., Yardim, E. 2003. Diversity of Arthropod Communities in Transgenic Bt Cotton and Nontransgenic Cotton Agroecosystems. Environmental Entomology. 32(2): 270 - 275. Miller, J. 2001. Factors That Affect The Occurrence Of Fumonisin. Environmental Health Perspectives. 109. Suppl. 2: 321-324. Minorsky, P. 2001. The Monarch Butterfly Controversy. Plant Physiology. 127: 709-710. Moore, M. 2002. Biocomplexity - The Post-genome Challenge in Ecotoxicology. Aquatic Toxicology. 59: 1-15. Motavalli, P., Kremer, R., Fang, M., Means, N. 2004. Impact of Genetically Modified Crops and Their Management on Soil Microbially Mediated Plant Nutrient Transformations. Journal of Environmental Quality. 33: 816-824. Muir, M., Howard, R. 2001. Fitness Components and Ecological Risk of Transgenic Release: A Model Using Japanese Medaka. 158(1): 1-16. Moffat, A. S. 2001. Finding New Ways to Fight Plant Diseases. Science. 292 (5525): 2270-2273.



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European Commission Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition. 1996. Opinion on Bt corn CG 176. http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg24/health/sc/scp European Commission. 1996. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Plants on the genetically modified cotton line, insect-tolerant. http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg24/health/sc/scp/out18_en.html FDA. 1998. Guidance for Industry: Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Transgenic Plants. p 28. FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 1994. Secondary Direct Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption; Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals; Amino Glycoside 3’-Phosphotransferase II. Federal Register. 59: 26700-26711. Flavell, R., Dart, E., Fuchs, R., Fraley, R 1992. Selectable Marker Genes are Safe for Plants? Bio/Technol 10: 41-144. Forbes, J., Heritage, J. 2002. Assessment of the Risks of Transferring Antibiotic Resistance Determinants from Transgenic Plants to Micro-organisms. Technical Report on the Food Standards Agency Project G01010: 1-7. http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/gmleedsfinalreport.pdf Fuchs, R., Heeren, R., Gustafson, M. et al. 1993. Purification and Characterization of Microbially Expressed Neomycin Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) Protein and its Equivalence to the Plant Expressed Protein. Bio/Technol 11: 1537-1542. Fuchs, R., Ream, J., Hammond, B. et al. 1993. Safety Assessment of the Neomycin Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) Protein. Bio/Technol 11: 1543-1547. Gebhard, F, Smalla, K. 1999. Monitoring Field Releases of Genetically Modified Sugar Beets for Persistence of Transgenic Plant DNA and Horizontal Gene Transfer. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 28: 261-272. Jelenic, S. 2003. Controversy Associated with the Common Component of Most Transgenic Plants - Kanamycin Resistance Marker Gene. Food Technology Biotechnology. 41(2): 183-190. Karenlampi, S. 1996. Health Effects of Marker Genes in Genetically Engineered Food Plants. Nordic Council, Copenhagen, TemaNord 1996: 530. Levy, S., Marshall, B Schluederberg, S. et al. 1988. High Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Fecal Flora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 1801-1806. Libiakova, G., Jorgensen, B., Palmgren, G., Ulvskov, P., Johansen, E. 2001. Efficacy of an Intron Containing Kanamycin Resistance Gene as a Selectable Marker in Plant Transformation. Plant Cell Reports. 20(7): 610-615.




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Miki, B., McHugh, S. 2004. Selectable Marker Genes in Transgenic Plants - Applications, Alternatives and Biosafety. Journal of Biotechnology. 107(3): 193-232. Nap, J., Bijvoet, J., Strikema, W. 1992. Biosafety of kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants: an overview. Transgenic Crops 1: 239-249. Nielson, K., Bones, A., Smalla, K., van Elsas, J. 1998. Horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to terrestrial bacteria--a rare event? FEMS Microbiol Rev. 22: 79-103. Nielsen, K., Gebhard, F., Smalla, K. et al. 1997. Evaluation of Possible Horizontal Gene Transfer from Transgenic Plants to the Soil Bacterium Acinetobacter Clcoaceticus BD413. Theor Appl Genet. 95: 815-821. Nwosu, V. 2001. Antibiotic Resistance with Particular Reference to Soil Microorganisms. Research in Microbiology. 152: 421-430. Prakash, C. 2002. Tuberculosis And Antibiotic Resistance. Current Science. 82(1): 17-18. Prins,T., Zadoks, J. 1994. Horizontal Gene Transfer in Plants, a Biohazard? Outcome of a Literature Review. Euphytica. 76: 133-138. Redenbaugh, K., Hiatt, W., Martineau, B. et al. 1994. Amino Glycoside 3’-Phosphotransferase II (APH(3’)II): Review of its Safety and Use in the Production of Genetically Engineered Plants. Food Biotechnol. 8: 137-165. Schlüter, K., Futterer, J., Potrykus, I. 1995. “Horizontal” Gene Transfer from a Transgenic Potato Line to a Bacterial Pathogen (Erwinia chrysanthemi) Occurs--if at all--at an Extremely Low Frequency. Bio/Technol. 13: 1094-1098. Smalla, K., Borin, S., Heuer, H., et al. 2000. Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Transgenic Plants to Bacteria. In Proceedings from the 6th International Symposium on the Biosafety of GMOs. Rairbairn, C; Scoles, G; McHughen, A; editors. University Extension Press, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; pp. 146-154. Smalla, K., Gebhard, F., Heuer, H. 2000. Antibiotic Resistance Genes As Markers In Transgenic Plants-Risk of Horizontal Gene Transfer. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 52 (No.3): 62-68. Syvanen, M. 1999. In Search of Horizontal Gene Transfer. Nature Biotech. 17(9): 833. WHO. 1993. Health Aspects of Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Plants. Report of a WHO Workshop, Geneva, WHO/FNU/FOS/93.6




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Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Articles - General Safety & Safty of Specific Modified Crops

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Scientific Articles

General Safety and Safety of Specific Genetically Modified Crops General 2000. GM Food Safety - Facts, Uncertainties, and Assessment. OECD Edinburgh Conference on the Scientific and Health Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods. Rapporteurs' Summary: 1-11. 2001. An Agronomic and Economic Assessment of Transgenic Canola. Canola Council of Canada: 1-120. 2002. The Safety of Foods Produced Through Biotechnology. Society of Toxicology. www.agbioworld.org/biotech_info/articles/toxsoc.html: 1-11. 2002. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Sugar Beet - Key Food and Feed Nutrients and Anti-Nutrients. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. 3: 1-26. 2002. Genetically Modified Plants for Food Use and Human Health. The Royal Society. 4-02: 1-20. Acquavella, J., Doe, J., Tomenson, J., Chester, G., Cowell, J., Bloemen, L. 2003. Epidemiologic Studies of Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Cancer - Regulatory Risk Assessments and Biologic Plausibility. Annals of Epidemiology. 13: 1-7. Acquavella, J., Alexander, B., Mandel, J., Gustin, C., Baker, B., Chapman, P., Bleeke, M. 2003. Glyphosate Biomonitoring for Farmers and their Families - Results from the Farm Family Exposure Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. ONLINE ONLY. Doi - 10.1289/ehp.667. Pages 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/ Anand, A., Zhou, T., Trick, H., Gill, B., Bockus, W., Muthukrishnan, S. 2003. Greenhouse and Field Testing of Transgenic Wheat Plants Stably Expressing Genes for Thaumatin-like Protein, Chitinase and Glucanase Against Fusarium graminearum. Journal of Experimental Botany. 54(384): 1101-1111. Astwood, J., Fuchs, R.; Editors: Baker, D. R., Umetsu, N. K. 2001. Status and Safety of Biotech Crops. ACS Symposium Series 774: Agrochemical Discovery Insect, Weed, and Fungal Control. Ch. 14: 152-164. Atherton, K. 2002. Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops. Toxicology 181-182: 421-426. Bartsch, D., Brand, U., Morak, C., Pohl-Orf, M., Schuphan, I., Ellstrand, N. 2001. Biosafety of Hybrids Between Transgenic Virus-Resistant Sugar Beet and Swiss Chard. Ecological Applications: 142-147. Bennett, R., Phipps, R., Strange, A., Grey, P. 2004. Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Growing Genetically Modified Herbicide-tolerant Sugar Beet - a Life-cycle Assessment. Plant Biotechnology Journal.



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2(4): 273-278. Betz, F.S., Hammond, B., Fuchs. F. 2000. Safety and Advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-Protected Plants to Control Insect Pests. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 32: 156-173 Bourn, D., Prescott, J. 2002. A Comparison of the Nutritional Value, Sensory Qualities, and Food Safety of Organically and Conventionally Produced Foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 42(1): 1-34. Bruce, D. 2003. Contamination, Crop Trials, and Compatibility. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 16: 595-604. Bruinsma, M., Kowalchuk, G., van Veen, J. 2003. Effects of Genetically Modified Plants on Microbial Communities and Processes in Soil. Biology Fertil Soils. 37(6): 329-337. Chassy, B., Hlywka, J., Kleter, G., Kok, E., Kuiper, H., McGloughlin, M., Munro, I., Phipps, R., Reid, J. 2004. Nutritional and Safety Assessments of Foods and Feeds Nutritionally Improved through Biotechnology. ILSI - Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety: 38-104. Chassy, B. 2002. Food Safety Evaluation of Crops Produced through Biotechnology. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 21(3S): 166S-173S. Chen, Z., Gu, H., Li, Y., Su, Y., Wu, P., Jiang, Z., Ming, X., Tian, J., Pan, N., Qu, L. 2003. Safety Assessment for Genetically Modified Sweet Pepper and Tomato. Toxicology. 188: 297-307. Chesson, A. 2001. Assessing the Safety of GM Food Crops. Environmental Science and Technology. Food Safety and Food Quality. (15): 1-19. Cockburn, A. 2002. Assuring the Safety of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods - The Importance of An Holistic, Integrative Approach. Journal of Biotechnology 98: 79-106. Custers, R. (Editor) 2001. Safety of Genetically Engineered Crops. Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology: 1-159. Dewar, A., Champion, G., May, M., Pidgeon, J. 2003. The Farm Scale Evaluations of Gmht Crops - What Do the Results Mean for Sugar Beet. British Sugar Beet Review. 71(4): 15 - 22. Fenton, B., Stanley, K., Fenton, S., Bolton-Smith, C. 1999. Health Risks of Genetically Modified Foods. (Editorial) Lancet. 353: 1811. Frye, C. A., Tang, D., Innes, R. W. 2001. Negative Regulation of Defense Responses in Plants by a Conserved MAPKK Kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98(1): 373-378.



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Fuchs, R. 2002. Foods Derived from Genetically Modified Crop Plants. In: Nutritional Toxicology. 2nd Edition. Eds: Kotsonis, F., Mackey, M. Chapter 4: 75-92. Galvez, A., Chauvet, M. 2001. Biosafety regulation and its consequences for the rural development in Mexico. American Chemical Society. . Abstract #38. Gasson, M., Burke, D. 2001. Scientific Perspectives on Regulating the Safety of Genetically Modified Foods. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2(3): 217 - 222. Hallman, W., Kenna, M., Karnok, K., Meier, V., Richard, C., Rooney, J., Steinwand, B., Szuhay, D., Turner, J., Unruh, J., White, J. 2004. Biotechnology-derived, Perennial Turf and Forage Grasses - Criteria for Evaluation. CAST - Council on Agricultural Science and Technology: No. 25: 1-94. Hancock, J.F. 2003. A Framework for Assessing the Risk of Transgenic Crops. BioScience. 53(5): 512 - 519. Hilbeck, A. 2003. Transgenic Crops and Integrated Pest Management. The BCPC Conference: Pests and diseases, Volumes 1 and 2. Proceedings of an international conference held at the Brighton Hilton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 2002. 1/2: 1021 - 1028. IFT (The Institute of Food Technologists). 2000. IFT Expert Report on Biotechnology and Foods: Human Food Safety Evaluation of rDNA Biotechnology-Derived Foods. Food Technology. 54 (9): 53-61. Jonas, D., Elmadfa, I., Engel, K., Heller, K., Kozianowski, G., Konig, A., Muller, D., Narbonne, J., Wackernagel, W., Kleiner, J. 2001. Safety Considerations of DNA in Food. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 45: 235-254. Kaeppler, H. 2000. Food Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops. Agron. J. 92: 793-797 Kok, E., Kuiper, H. 2003. Comparative Safety Assessment for Biotech Crops. Trends in Biotechnology. 21(10): 439-444. Konig, A., Cockburn, A., Crevel, R., Debruyne, E., Grafstroen, R., et al. 2004. Assessment of the Safety of Foods Derived from Genetically Modified GM Crops. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 42: 1047-1088. Koundal, K., Rajendran, P. 2003. Plant Insecticidal Proteins and their Potential for Developing Transgenics Resistant to Insect Pests. Indian Journal of Biotechnology. 2: 110-120. Kuiper, H., Kleter, G. 2003. The Scientific Basis for Risk Assessment and Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods. Food Science and Technology. 14: 277-293.



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Kuiper, H., Kleter, G., Noteborn, H., Kok, E. 2002. Substantial Equivalence - An Appropriate Paradigm for the Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods. Toxicology 181-182: 427-431. Kuiper, H. A., Kleter, G. A., Noteborn, H. P.., Kok, E. J. 2001. Assessment of the Food Safety Issues Related to Genetically Modified Foods. The Plant Journal. 27(6): 503-528. Martens, M. 2001. Safety Assessment of Novel Foods and GM Foods in Particular. Proceedings of the German Society for Environmental Mutagenesis - GUM, Sept. 2001: 54. Matus-Cadiz, M., Hucl, P., Horak, M., Blomquist, L. 2004. Gene Flow in Wheat at the Field Scale. Crop Science. 44: 718-727. Mendelsohn, M., Kough, J., Vaituzis, Z., Matthews, K. 2003. Are Bt Crops Safe. Nature Biotechnology. 21(9): 1003-1009. Millstone, E., Brunner, E., Mayer, S. 1999. Beyond “substantial equivalence.” [Commentary] Nature 401: 525-526. Miraglia, M., Berdal, K., Brera, C., Corbisier, P., Holst-Jensen, A., Kok, E., et al. 2004. Detection and Traceability of Genetically Modified Organisms in the Food Production Chain. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 43: 1157-1180. Nair, R., Fuchs, R., Schuette, S. 2002. Current Methods of Assessing Safety of Genetically Modified Crops as Exemplified by Data on Roundup Ready Soybeans. Toxicologic Pathology. Genetically Modified Food: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. 30(1): 117-125. Nair, R. 2001. Assessment of Toxicity and Allergenicity in Transgenic Crops. In: Transgenic Crops and Biosafety Concerns. Eds: Randhawa, G., Khetarpal, R., Tyagi, R., Ghillon, B: 92-95. Netherwood, T., Martin-Orue, S., O'Donnell, A., Gockling, S., Graham, J., Mathers, J., Gilbert, H. 2004. Assessing the Survival of Transgenic Plant DNA in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Nature Biotechnology. 22(2): 204-209. Noteborn, H., Peijnenburg, A., Zeleny, R. 2002. Strategies for Analysing Unintended Effects in Transgenic Food Crops. IN: Genetically Modified Crops - Assessing Safety. Edited by K. Atherton. Chapter 4: 74-93. Perez, A., Alister, C., Kogan, M. 2004. Absorption, Translocation and Allocation of Glyphosate in Resistant and Susceptible Chilean Biotypes of Lolium multiflorum. Weed Biology and Management. 4: 56-58. Ramputh, A., Arnason, J., Cass, L., Simmonds, J. 2002. Reduced Herbivory of the European Corn Borer -Ostrinia nubilalis- on Corn Transformed with Germin, a Wheat Oxalate Oxidase Gene. Plant Science. 162: 431-440.



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Ridley, W., Sidhu, R., Astwood, J., Fuchs, R. 2004. Role of Compositional Analyses in the Evaluation of Substantial Equivalence for Biotechnology Crops. ACS Symposium Series 866. Agricultural Biotechnology - Challenges and Prospects. Eds. M. Bhalgat, W. Ridley, A. Felsot, J. Seiber. Chapter 11: 165-175. Romeis, J., Battini, M., Bigler, F. 2003. Transgenic Wheat with Enhanced Fungal Resistance Causes No Effects on Folsomia Candida (collembola: Isotomidae). Pedobiologia. 47(2): 141-147. Taylor, S. 2001. Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods. Journal of Nematology 33(4): 178 - 182. Tepfer, M. 2002. Risk Assessment Of Virus-resistant Transgenic Plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 40: 467 - 491. Tolstrup, K., Andersen, S. B., Boelt, B., Buus, M., Gylling, M., Holm, P., Kjellsson, G., Pedersen, S., Ostergard, H., Mikkelsen, S. 2003. Report from the Danish Working Group on the Co-existence of Genetically Modified Crops with Conventional and Organic Crops. DIAS Report, Plant Production. No.94: 275 pp. Publisher: Danmarks JordbrugsForskning, Tjele, Denmark van den Eede, G., Aarts, H., Buhk, H., Corthier, G., flint, H., Hammes, W., Jacobsen, B., Midtvedt, T., van der Vossen, J., von Wright, A., Wackernagel, W., Wilcks, A. 2004. The Relevance of Gene Transfer to the Safety of Food and Feed Derived from Genetically Modified GM Plants. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 42: 1127-1156. Canola 2001. Consensus Document on Key Nutrients and Key Toxicants in Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed -Canola. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. No. 1: 1-25. Baker, J., Preston, C. 2003. Predicting the Spread of Herbicide Resistance in Australian Canola Fields. Transgenic Research. 12(6): 731 - 737. Beckie, H., Seguin-Swartz, G., Nair, H., Warwick, S. Johnson, E. 2004. Multiple Herbicide-resistant Canola Can Be Controlled By Alternative Herbicides. Weed Science. 52(1): 152-157. Beckie, H., Warwick, S., Nair, H., Seguin-Swartz, G. 2003. Gene Flow in Commercial Fields of Herbicide-resistant Canola (brassica Napus). Ecological Applications. 13(5): 1276 - 1294. Beckie, H., Holm, F. 2002. Response of Wild Oat - avena Fatua- to Residual and Non-residual Herbicides in Canola -brassica Napus- in Western Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 82(4): 797-802.



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Dunfield, K., Germida, J. 2003. Seasonal Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Associated with Field-Grown Genetically Modified Canola - Brassica napus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69(12): 7310-7318. Gruber, S., Pekrun, C., Claupein, W. 2003. Life Cycle and Gene Dispersal of Oilseed Rape Volunteers -Brassica napus L. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 1093-1098. Hommel, B., Pallutt, B. 2003. Evaluation of Transgenic Herbicide-resistant Oilseed Rape and Maize with Respect to Integrated Pest Management Strategies. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 1087-1092. Nickson, T., Hammond, B. 2002. Case Study: Canola Tolerant to Roundup Herbicide: an Assessment of its Substantial Equivalence Compared to Non-modified Canola. In: Genetically Modified Crops. Assessing Safety. K. Atherton, Edit. Taylor and Francis, New York. 2002: 138-163. Pierre, J., Marsault, D., Genecque, E., Renard, M., Champolivier, J., Pham-Delegue, M. 2003. Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Transgenic Oilseed Rape Genotypes on Honey Bees and other Pollinating Insects under Field Conditions. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 108: 159-168. Senior, I., Bavage, A. 2003. Comparison of Genetically Modified and Conventionally Derived Herbicide Tolerance in Oilseed Rape - A Case Study. Euphytica. 132: 217-226. Stringam, G., Ripley, V., Love, H., Mitchell, A. 2003. Transgenic Herbicide Tolerant Canola - The Canadian Experience. Crops Science. 43(5): 1590-1593. Corn 2002. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Maize - zea mays - Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-Nutrients and Secondary Plant Metabolites. No 6: 1-42. 2001. Corn Rootworm Research Study - Key Results. Foundation E.A.R.T.H. 5-24-2001, www.earthonline.org/Key%20Results.html: 1-2. Al-Deeb, M., Wilde, G. 2003. Effect of Bt Corn Expressing the Cry3Bb1 Toxin for Corn Rootworm Control on Aboveground Nontarget Arthropods. Environmental Entomology. 32(5): 1164-1170. Andow, D. 2003. Adaptive Resistance Management In Bt Maize. The BCPC Conference: Pests and Diseases, Volumes 1 and 2. Proceedings of an International Conference Held at the Brighton Hilton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 2002 . 1/2: 1035 - 1042.



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Autran, J., Benetrix, F., Bloc, D., Burghart, P., Chaurant, M., Combe, N., Melcion, J. 2003. Composition and Technological Value of Genetically Modified and Conventional Maize - Zea mays L. - Grains. Sciences des Aliments. 23: 223-247. Bajaj, S. 2001. Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Insect Resistant Maize. Proceedings of 2001 National Seminar on Seed Science and Technology in the New Millenium - Vistas and Vision. Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, Aug 6-8, 2001: 205-207. Bakan, B., Melcion, D., Richard-Molard, D., Cahagnier, B. 2002. Fungal Growth and Fusarium Mycotoxin Content in Isogenic Traditional Maize and Genetically Modified Maize Grown in France and Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 728-731. Blackwood, C., Buyer, J. 2004. Soil Microbial Communities Associated with Bt and Non-Bt Corn in Three Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 33: 832-836. Bokonon-Ganta, A., Bernal, J., Pietrantonio, P., Setamou, M. 2003. Survivorship and Development of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j. E. Smith) (lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Conventional and Transgenic Maize Cultivars Expressing Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry9c And Cry1a(b) Endotoxins. International Journal of Pest Management. 49(2): 169-175. Brake, D., Thaler, R., Evenson, D. 2004. Evaluation of Bt -Bacillus thuringiensis- Corn on Mouse Testicular Development by Dual Parameter Flow Cytometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 2097-2102. Brookes, G., Barfoot, P. 2003. Co-existence of GM and non GM Crops - Case Study of Maize Grown in Spain. Foundation for the Application of New Technology in Agriculture. ONLINE 8/12/04. http://www.bioportfolio.com/pdf/Coexistencecasestudyspain.01.pdf. Pages 1-13. Carpenter, J. 2001. Case Studies in Benefits and Risks of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans and Bt Field Corn. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. http://www.ncfap.org/pup/biotech/benefitsandrisks.pdf Chilcutt, C., Tabashnik, B. 2004. Contamination of Refuges by Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Genes from Transgenic Maize. Proceedings of National Academy of Science: 101(20): 7526-7529. Chilcutt, C.F. 2003. Gene Flow from Bt Transgenic Corn to NonBt Corn - Can Refuges Speed the Evolution of Pest Resistance. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 765-769.



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Clements, M., Campbell, K., Maragos, C., Pilcher, C., Headrick, J., Patacky, J.,White, D. 2003. Influence of Cry1Ab Protein and Hybrid Genotype on Fumonisin Contamination and Fusarium Ear Rot of Corn. Crop Science. 43: 1283-1293. Clements, M., Campbell, K., White, D., Maragos, C., Pilcher, C. 2001. Effect of Insect Damage on Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Concentration in Bt and Non-Bt Corn Hybrids. Proccedings of the 1st Fungal Genomics, 2nd Fumonisin Elimination and 14th Aflatoxin Elimination Workshops, October 23-26 2001, Phoenix, AR: 71. Devare, M., Jones, C., Thies, J. 2004. Effect of Cry3Bb Transgenic Corn and Tefluthrin on the Soil Microbial Community - Biomass, Activity and Diversity. Journal of Environmental Quality. 33: 837-843. Dowd, P. 2001. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Limiting Efficacy of Bt Corn in Indirectly Reducing Mycotoxin Levels in Commercial Fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 1067-1074. Dutton, A., Romeis, J., Bigler, F. 2003. Assessing the Risks of Insect Resistant Transgenic Plants on Entomophagous Arthropods: Bt-maize Expressing Cry1ab as a Case Study. BioControl. 48(6): 611-636. Farinos, G., de la Poza, M., Hernandez-Crespo, Ortego, F., Castanera, P. 2004. Resistance Monitoring of Field Populations of the Corn Borers Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis after 5 Years of Bt Maize Cultivation in Spain. 110: 23-30. Gatch, E., Hellmich, R., Munkvold, G. 2003. A Comparison of Maize Stalk Rot Occurrence in Bt and Non-Bt Hybrids. Plant Disease. 86(10): 1149-1155. Glaser, J., Maten, S. 2003. Sustainability of Insect Resistance Management Strategies for Transgenic Bt Corn. Biotechnology Advances. 22: 45-69. Gower, S., Loux, M., Cardina, M., Harrison, S., et al. 2003. Effect of Postemergence Glyphosate Application Timing on Weed Control and Grain Yield in Glyphosate-resistant Corn - Results Of A 2-yr Multistate Study. Weed Technology. 17(4): 821-828. Hammond, B., Dudek, R., Lemen, J., Nemeth, M. 2004. Results of a 13 Week Safety Assurance Study with Rats Fed Grain from Glyphosate Tolerant Corn. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 42: 1001-1014. Hammond, B., Campbell, K., Robinson, A., Degooyer, T., Richard, J., Segueira, J., Cea, J., Pancke, M., Pinson, L., Radu, E., Tatli, F., Grogna, R. 2003. Reduction of Fumonisin Levels in Grain from YieldGard Corn Borer. Mycopathologia. (in press). Hammond, B., Campbell, K., Pilcher, C., Degooyer, T., Robinson, A., Rice, L., Pietri, A., Piva, G., Melcion, D., Cahagnier, B. 2001. Reduction of Fungal and Fumonisin Levels in Bt Corn. Proccedings of the 1st Fungal



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Genomics, 2nd Fumonisin Elimination and 14th Aflatoxin Elimination Workshops, October 23-26 2001, Phoenix, AR: 54-55. Hanley, A., Huang, Z., Pett, W. 2003. Effects of Dietary Transgenic Bt Corn Pollen on Larvae of Apis Mellifera and Galleria Mellonella. Journal of Apicultural Research. 42(4): 77-81. He Kanglai, Wang Zhenying, Zhou Darong, Wen Liping, Song, Yanying, Yao Zhuyun. 2003. Evaluation of Transgenic Bt Corn for Resistance to the Asian Corn Borer (lepidoptera: Pyralidae).. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 935 - 940. Hernandez, M., Pla, M., Esteve, T., Prat, S., Puigdomenech, P., 2003. A Specific Real-time Quantitative PCR Detection System for Event MON810 in Maize Yieldgard Based on the 3-Transgene Integration Sequence. Transgenic Research. 12: 179-189. Hibbard, B., Duran, D., Ellersieck, M., Ellsbury, M.. 2003. Post-establishment Movement of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae -coleoptera: Chrysomelidae- in Central Missouri Corn. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 599 - 608. Hopkins, D., Gregorich, E. 2003. Detection and Decay of the Bt Endotoxin in Soil from a Field Trial with Genetically Modified Maize. European Journal of Soil Science. 54: 793-800. Horner, T., Dively, G., Herbert, D. 2003. Effect of Mon810 Bt Field Corn on Helicoverpa Zea (lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 925-930. King, S., Hagood, E. 2003. The Effect of Johnsongrass (sorghum Halepense) Control Method on the Incidence and Severity of Virus Diseases In Glyphosate-tolerant Corn (zea Mays). Weed Technology. 17(3): 503-508. Koch, R., Hutchison, W., Venette, R. 2003. Survival of Monarch Butterfly Danaus Flexippus -Nymphalidae-, Larvae on Milkweed Near Bt Cornfields. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society. 57(2): 92-99 Magg, T., Bohn, M., Klein, D., Meritaj, V., Melchinger, A. 2003. Concentration of Moniliformin Produced by Fusarium Species in Grains of Transgenic Bt Maize Hybrids Compared to their Isogenic Counterpoarts and Commercial Varieties under European Corn Borer Pressure. Plant Breeding. 122: 322-327. Magg, T., Melchinger, A., Klein, D., Bohn, M. 2002. Relationship Between European Corn Borer Resistance and Concentration of Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium spp. in Grains of Transgenic Bt Maize Hybrids, their Isogenic Counterparts and Commercial Varieties. Plant Breed. 121: 146-154. Masoero F, Moschini M, Rossi F et al. 1999. Nutritive Value, Mycotoxin Contamination & in vitro Rumen Fermentation of Normal & Genetically Modified Corn (CRY1A(b)) Grown in Italy. Maydica.. 44: 05-209.



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Munkvold, G. 2003. Cultural and Genetic Approaches to Managing Mycotoxins in Maize. Annual Rev. Phytopathology. 41: 99-116. Munkvold, G., Hyde, W., Hellmich, R. 2002. Nontarget Effects of Bt Corn on Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungi. Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. Competitive Grant Report 00-29. 11: 42-44. Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R., Rice, L. 1999. Comparison of Fumonisin Concentrations in Kernals of Transgenic Bt Maize Hybrids and Nontransgenic Hybrids. Plant Dis. 83: 130-138. Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R. 1999. Genetically Modified, Insect Resistant Corn: Implication for Disease Management. APSnet Feature, October 15-November 30, 1999 - http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/top.asp Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R., Showers, W. 1997. Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Symptomless Infection in Kernals of Maize Genetically Engineered for European Corn Borer Resistance. Phytopathology. 87: 1071-1077. Munkvold, G., Desjardins, A. 1997. Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce their Occurrence? Plant Dis. 81: 556-565. Novillo, C., Fernandez-Anero, F., Costa, J. 2003. Performance Of Insect-protected Corn Varieties Derived From Bt Line Mon 810, Genetically Protected from Corn Borers. In Spanish - Resultados En Espana Con Variedades De Maiz Derivadas De La Linea Mon 810, Protegidas Geneticamente Contra Taladros. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas. 29(3): 427-439. Odvody, G., Chilcutt, C. 2001. Aflatoxin and Insect Response in South Texas of Near-Isogenic Corn Hybrids with Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab Events. Mycopathologia. 155 (1,2): 107. Pline-Srnic, W., Edmisten, K., Wilcut, J., Wells, R., Thomas, J. 2004. Weed Science: Effect of Glyphosate on Fruit Retention, Yield, and Fiber Quality of Glyphosate Resistant Cotton. Journal of Cotton Science 8(1): 24-32. URL: http://journal.cotton.org/2004/Issue01/pdf/jcs04i1-4.pdf. Pollak, L., White, P. 1995. Corn as a Food Source in the United States: Part I. Historical and Current Perspectives. Cereal Food World. 40: 749-754. Pollak, L., White, P. 1995. Corn as a Food Source in the United States: Part II. Processes, Products, Composition, and Nutritive Values. Cereal Food World. 40: 756-762. Ridley, W., Sidhu, R., Pyla, P., Nemeth, M., Breeze, M., Astwood, J. 2002. Comparison of the Nutritional Profile of Glyphosate-tolerant Corn Event Nk603 with that of Conventional Corn (zea Mays L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50(25): 7235 - 7243.



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Sanders, P., Lee, T., Groth, M. et al. 1998. Safety Assessment of the Insect-protected Corn. Thomas, JA (ed) In: Biotechnology and Safety Assessment, 2nd edition. Taylor and Francis. pp 241-256. Saxena, D., Stotzky, G. 2001. Bt Corn Has a Higher Lignin Content Than Non-Bt Corn. American Journal of Botany. 88(9): 1704-1706. Schaafsma, A., Hooker, D., Baute, T., Illincic-Tamburic, L. 2002. Effect of Bt-Corn Hybrids on Deoxynivalenol Content in Grain at Harvest. Plant Dis. 86(10) : 1123-1155. Sidhu, R., Hammond, B., Fuchs, R. et al. 2000. Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn: The Composition and Feeding Value of Grain from Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn is Equivalent to that of Conventional Corn (Zea mays L.) J Agric Food Chem. 48: 2305-2312. Williams, W., Windham, G., Buckley, P., Daves, C. 2003. Aflatoxin Accumulation in Conventional and Transgenic Corn Hybrids Infested with Southwestern Corn Borer. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology. 19(4): 227-236. Cotton Berberich, S., Ream, J., Jackson, T. et al. 1996. Safety Assessment of Insect-protected Cotton: the Composition of the Cottonseed is Equivalent to Conventional Cottonseed. J Agric Food Chem. 41: 365-371. Butler, D., Cook, M.P. 2003. Northern Bobwhite Chick-arthropod Food Abundance in Insect Resistant GM Cotton Crops. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 627-630. Chitkowski, R., Turnipseed, S., Sullivan, M., Bridges, W. Jr. 2003. Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Transgenic Cottons Expressing One or Two Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki Berliner Proteins for Management of Noctuid (lepidoptera) Pests. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(3): 755-762. Fuchs, R., Berberich, S., Serdy, F. 1992. Regulatory Considerations for Pesticidal Plants: Insect Resistant Cotton as a Case Study. In: Kim L (ed) Advanced Engineered Pesticides. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Chapt 23 pp 393-407. Green, W.M., de Billot, M., Joffe, T., van Staden, L., Bennett-Nel, A., du Toit, C., van der Westhuizen, L. 2003. Indigenous Plants and Weeds on the Makhathini Flats as Refuge Hosts to Maintain Bollworm Population Susceptibility to Transgenic Cotton - Bollgard. African Entomology. 11(1): 21-29. Grichar, W., Besler, B., Brewer, K., Minton, B. 2004. Using Soil-Applied Herbicides in Combination with Glyphosate in a Glyphosate-resistant Cotton Herbicide Program. Crop Protection. 23(10): 1007-1010.



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Lawrence, L.., Schellhorn, N., Whitehouse, M., Baker, G. 2003. Conserving and Promoting Parasitoids of Helicoverpa in Cotton. Pesticide Outlook. 14(5): 219 - 221. Monks, C., Wehtje, G., Faircloth, W., Burmester, C., Harkins, D., Delaney, D., Curtis, L., Patterson, M., Goodman, R., Woods, M., Hawf, L. 2002. Glyphosate Impact on Irrigated and Dryland Roundup Ready Cotton. Making Conservation Tillage Conventional - Building a Future on 25 Years of Research. Proceedings of 25th Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn, AL, USA, 24-26 June, 2002: 176-179. Matten, S.R., Reynolds, A.H. 2003. Current Resistance Management Requirements For Bt Cotton in the United States Special Issue: Bacillus Thuringiensis. A Cornerstone of Modern Agriculture, Part II. Journal of New Seeds. 5(2-3): 137-178. Nida, D., Patzer, S., Harvey, P. et al. 1996. Glyphosate-tolerant Cotton: The Composition of the Cottonseed is Equivalent to Conventional Cottonseed. J Agric Food Chem. 44: 1967-1974. Nida, D., Kolacz, K., Buehler, R. et al. 1996. Glyphosate-tolerant Cotton: Genetic Characterization and Protein Expression. J Agric Food Chem. 44: 1960-1966. Perlak, F. J., Oppenhuizen, M., Gustafson, K., Voth, R., Sivasupramaniam, S., Heering, D., Carey, B., Ihring, R. A., Roberts, J. K. 2001. Development and Commercial Use of Bollgard® Cotton in the USA - Early Promises Versus Today's Reality. The Plant Journal. 27(6): 489-501. Schneider, J. C. 2003. Overwintering of Heliothis Virescens (f.) and Helicoverpa Zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cotton Fields of Northeast Mississippi. Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(5): 1433-1447. Available online at http://www.entsoc.org/pubs/jee/jeet ocs/ Sims, S., Berberich, S., Nida, D. et al. 1996. Analysis of Expressed Proteins in Fiber Fractions from Insect-protected and Glyphosate-tolerant Cotton Varieties. Crop Science : 1212-1216. Viator, R.P., Senseman, S.A., Cothren, J. 2003. Boll Abscission Responses Of Glyphosate-resistant Cotton (gossypium Hirsutum) To Glyphosate. Weed Technology. 17(3): 571 - 575. Wiatrak, P., Wright, D., Grzes, S., Pudelko, J. 2001. Comparison of Roundup Ready and Conventional Herbicide Programs in Strip-till Cotton. Proceedings - Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida. 60: 125 - 127. Zipf, A. E., Rajasekaran, K. 2003. Ecological Impact of Bt Cotton. Journal of New Seeds. 5(2/3): 115-135. Potatoes 2002. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Potatoes - Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-Nutrients and Toxicants. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the



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Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds: 4: 1-26. Ashouri, A., Michaud, D., Cloutier, C. 2001. Unexpected Effects of Different Potato Resistance Factors to the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the Potato Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Population Ecology. 30(3) 524-532. De Vries, J., Heine, M., Harms, K., Wackernagel, W. 2003. Spread of Recombinant Dna by Roots and Pollen of Transgenic Potato Plants, Identified by Highly Specific Biomonitoring Using Natural Transformation of an Acinetobacter Sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69(8): 4455-4462. Ewen, S., Pusztai, A. 1999. Effect of Diets Containing Genetically Modified Potatoes Expressing Galanthus Nivalis Lectin on Rat Small Intestine. Lancet. 354: 1353-1355. Horton, R. 1999. Genetically Modified Foods: “Absurd” Concern or Welcome Dialogue? (Commentary) Lancet. 354: 1314-1315. Kuiper, H., Noteborn, H., Peijenburg, A. 1999. Adequacy of Methods for Testing the Safety of Genetically Modified Foods. [Commentary] Lancet. 354: 1315-1316. Lavrik, P., Bartnicki, D., Feldman, J. et al. 1995. Safety Assessment of Potatoes Resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle. In: Engel KH, Takeoka GR, Teranishi R (eds) Genetically Modified Foods, Safety Issues. ACS, Washington DC, pp 148-158. Love, S. 2000. When Does Similar Mean the Same: A Case for Relaxing Standards of Substantial Equivalence in Genetically Modified Crops. HortScience. 35: 803-806. Rogan, G., Bookout, T., Duncan, D. et al. 2000. Compositional Analysis of Tubers from Insect and Virus Resistant Potato Plants. J. Agric Food Chem. 48: 5936- 5945. Rice Fenton, B., Stanley, K., Fenton, S., Bolton-Smith, C. 1999. Quality and Safety Evaluation of Genetically Engineered Rice with Soybean Glycinin: Analyses of the Grain Composition and Digestibility of Glycinin in Transgenic Rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 63: 314-318. Momma, K., Hashimoto, W., Yoon, H., Ozawa, S., Fukuda, Y., Kawai, S., Takaiwa, F., Utsumi, S., Murata, K. 2000. Safety Assessment of Rice Genetically Modified with Soybean Glycinin by Feeding Studies on Rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64:1881-1886.



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Soybeans 2001. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Soybean - Key Food and Feed Nutrients and Anti-Nutrients. OECD. Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. 2: 1-30. Agarwal, A., Qi, Y., Bhat, D., Woerner, M., Brown, S. 2001. Gene Isolation and Characterization of two Acyl CoA Oxidase from Soybean with Broad Substrate Specificities and Enhanced Expression in the Growing Seedling Axis. Plant Molecular Biology. 47(4): 519-531. Arregui, M., Lenardon, A., Sanchez, D., Maitre, M., Scotta, R., Enrique, S. 2003. Monitoring Glyphosate Residues in Transgenic Glyphosate-resistant Soybean. Pest Management Science. 60: 163-166. Brake, D., Evenson, D. 2004. A Generational Study of Glyphosate-tolerant Soybeans on Mouse Fetal, Postnatal, Pubertal and Adult Testicular Development. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 42(1): 29 - 36. Brunnert, H., Spener, F., Borchers, T. 2001. PCR-ELISA for the CaMV-35S promoter as a screening method for genetically modified Roundup Ready soybeans. Eur Food Res Technol. 213: 366-371. Carpenter, J. 2001. Case Studies in Benefits and Risks of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans and Bt Field Corn. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. http://www.ncfap.org/pup/biotech/benefitsandrisks.pdf Duke, S., Rimando, A., Pace, P., Reddy, K., Smeda, R. 2002. Isoflavone, Glyphosate, and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid Levels in Seeds of Glyphosate-Treated, Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean.. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry: pps A-E. Elmore, R. W., Roeth, F. W., Nelson, L. A., Shapiro, C. A., Klein, R. N., Knezevic, S. Z., Martin, A. 2001. Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Cultivar Yields Compared with Sister Lines. Agronomy Journal. 93: 408-412. Fuchs, R. L., Re, D. B., Rogers, S. G., Hammond, B. G., Padgette, S. R. 1996. Safety Evaluation of Gglyphosate-tolerant Soybeans. In: Food safety evaluation. OECD Documents, Paris, pp 61-70. Jackson, R., Pitre, H. 2004. Influence of Roundup Ready Soybean Production Systems and Glyphosate Application on Pest and Beneficial Insects in Narrow-Row Soybean. 39(1): 62-70. Koenning, S. 2002. Tolerance to Hoplolaimus columbus in Glyphosate-resistant, Transgenic Soybean Cultivars. Journal of Nematology. 34(4): 370-373. List, G. R., Orthoefer, F., Taylor, N., Nelsen, T., Abidi, S. L. 1999. Characterization of Phospholipids From Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76(1): 57-60.



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Main, C., Pantalone, V., Mueller, T. 2004. A Novel Approach to Determine the Glyphosate Tolerant Trait in Soybeans. J. Agricultural Food Chemistry. 52: 1224-1227. Njiti, V., Myers Jr., O., Schroeder, D., Lightfoot, D. 2003. Roundup Ready Soybean - Glyphosate Effects on Fusarium solani Root Colonization and Sudden Death Syndrome. Agronomy Journal. 95: 1140-1145. Padgette, S., Re, D., Barry, G., Eichholtz, D., Delannay, X., Fuchs, R., Kishore, G., Fraley, R. 1996. New Weed Control Opportunities: Development of Soybeans with a Roundup Ready Gene. Herbicide-Resistant Crops. Ch. 4: 53-84. Padgette, S., Taylor, N., Nida, D., Bailey, M, MacDonald, J., Holden, L., Fuchs, R. 1996. The Composition of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Seeds is Equivalent to That of Conventional Soybeans. Journal of Nutrition. 126 (3): 702-716. Padgette, S., Kolacz, C., Delannay, X. 1995. Development, Identification and Characterization of a Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line. Crop Science. 35(5): 1451-1461. Reddy, K., Zablotowicz, R. 2003. Glyphosate-resistant Soybean Response to Various Salts of Glyphoste and Glyphosate Accumulation in Soybean Nodules. Weed Science. 51: 496-502. Reddy, K. 2001. Glyphosate-resistant Soybean as a Weed Management Tool - Opportunities and Challenges. Weed Biology and Management. 1: 193-202. Taylor, N., Fuchs, R., MacDonald, J., Shariff, A., Padgette, S. 1999. Compositional Analysis of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans Treated with Glyphosate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47. Issue: 10: 4469-4473. Teshima, R., Akiyama, H., Okunuki, H., Sakushim, J., Goda, Y., Onodera, H., Sawada, J., Toyoda, M. 2000. Effect of GM and Non-GM Soybeans on the Immune System of BN Rats and B10A Mice. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan. 41 (3): 188-193. Tiwari, S. 2001. Transgenic Soybean - A Case Study. Transgenic Crops and Biosafety Concerns. Eds. Randhawa, G., Khetarpal, R., Tyagi, R., Dhillon, B.: 169-176. Windels, P., Taverniers, I., Depicker, A., Van Bockstaele, E., De Loose, M. 2001. Characterisation Of The Roundup Ready Soybean Insert. European Food Research And Technology . 213(2): 107 - 112. Zablotowicz, R., Reddy, K. 2004. Impact of Glyphosate on the Bradyrhizobium japonicum Symbiosis with Glyphosate-resistant Transgenic Soybean - A Minireview. Journal Environmental Quality. 33: 825-831.



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Tomatoes Finn, R., Leimgruber, R., Boyle, D., Jennings, M., Kimack, N, Smith, C., Bishop, B, Fraizer, R., Magin, K., Fuchs, R., Reed, A. 1996. Purification and Biochemical Comparison of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-Caboxylic Acid Deaminase Proteins Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomato and Escherichia coli: Studies for a Food Safety Assessment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 44. Issue: 1: 381-387. Ilardi, V., Barba, M. 2002. Assessment of Functional Transgene Flow in Tomato Fields. Molecular Breeding 8(4): 311 - 315. Redenbaugh, K., Hiatt, W., Martineau, B., Kramer, M., Sheehy, R., Sanders, R., Houck, C., Emlay, D. 1992. Safety Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables. A Case Study of the FLAVR SAVR TOMATO. Library of Congress: iii-xvii. Redenbaugh, K., Hiatt, W., Martineau, B., Lindemann, J., Emlay, D. 1994. Aminoglycoside 3'-Phosphotransferase II (APH(3')II): Review of Its Safety and Use In The Production of Genetically Engineered Plants. Food Biotechnology. 8 (2&3): 137-165. Reed, A., Kretzmer, K., Naylor, M., Finn, R., Magin, K., Hammond, B., Leimgruber, R., Rogers, S., Fuchs, R. 1996. Safety Assessment of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Deaminase Protein Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 44. Issue: 1: 388-394. Reed, A., Magin, K., Anderson, J., Austin, G., Rangwala, T., Linde, D., Love, J., Rogers, S., Fuchs, R. 1995. Delayed Ripening Tomato Plants Expressing the Enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. 1. Molecular Characterization, Enzyme Expression, and Fruit Ripening Traits.. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 43. Issue: 7: 1954-1962.


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Sceintific Journal Articles – Protein Safety

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Scientific Articles: Protein Safety Bechtel, C., Hileman, R., Pyla, P., Holleschak, G., Leach, J., Lee, T., Weston, P., Naylor, M., Hammond, B., Astwood, J. 2001. Safety Assessment of Insect Control Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry2 Class Proteins for Use in Transgenic Crops. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Mar 25-29,2001. Abstract 1971. Beever, D., Phipps, R. 2001. The Fate of Plant DNA and Novel Proteins in Feeds for Farm Livestock - A United Kingdom Perspective. Journal of Animal Science. 79. Suppl. E: E290-E295. Chang, H., Kim, NH., Park, MJ., Lim, SK., Kim, SC., Kin, JY., Kim, JA., Oh, HY., Lee, CH., Huh, K., Jeong, TC., Nam, DH. 2003. The 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthase of Glyphosate-tolerant Soybean Expressed in Escherichia Coli Shows No Severe Allergenicity. Molecules and Cells. 15(1): 20-26. Crecchio, C.; Stotzky, G. 2001. Biodegradation and Insecticidal Activity of the Toxin From Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstaki Bound on Complexes of Montmorillonite-humic Acids-a1 Hydroxypolymers. Soil biology & biochemistry. 33(4/5) : 573 - 581. Dearman, R., Caddick, H., Stone, S., Basketter, D., Kimber, I. 2001. Characterization of Antibody Responses Induced in Rodents by Exposure to Food Proteins: Influence of Route of Exposure. Toxicology . 167(3) : 217 - 231. FAO/WHO. 2000. Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods of Plant Origin. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva WHO/SDE/PHE/FOS/00.6 FAO/WHO. 1996. Biotechnology and Food Safety. Report of a Joint JAO/WHO Consultation. FAO, Food and Nutrition Paper 61. Farmer, D. 2001. Glyphosate. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Chapter 76.2. Vol 2-Agents: 1667-1671. Federici, B. 2002. Case Study: Bt Crops.. A Novel Mode of Insect Control. IN: Genetically Modified Crops - Assessing Safety. Edited by K. Atherton. Chapter 8: 164-200. Finn, R., Leimgruber, R., Boyle, D., Jennings, M., Kimack, N, Smith, C., Bishop, B, Fraizer, R., Magin, K., Fuchs, R., Reed, A. 1996. Purification and Biochemical Comparison of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-Cboxylic Acid Deaminase Proteins Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomato and Escherichia coli: Studies for a Food Safety Assessment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 44. Issue: 1: 381-387.



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Food and Drug Administration. 1992. Statement of Policy: Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties. Notice, Federal Register. 57: 22984-23005. Frank-Oberaspach, S., Keller, B. 1997. Consequences of Classical and Biotechnological Resistance Breeding for Food Toxicology and Allergenicity. Plant Breeding. 116: 1-17. Fuchs, R. L., Re, D. B., Rogers, S. G., Hammond, B. G., Padgette, S. R. 1996. Safety Evaluation of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans. OECD Document: Food Safety Evaluation. Publisher: OECD, Paris: 61-70. Fuchs, R., Berberich, S., Serdy, F. 1992. Regulatory Considerations for Pesticidal Plants: Insect Resistant Cotton as a Case Study. In: Kim L (ed) Advanced Engineered Pesticides. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, Chapter 23, pp 393-407. Garnett, R. 2001. The Herbicide Glyphosate - A Scientific Overview. In: Novel Approaches to Weed Control Using New Classes of Herbicides and Transgenic Plants Resistant to Herbicide, Moscow Nauka. Series Genetic Engineering and Ecology, Vol 2. Eds: Skryabiin, K., Spriidonov, Y.: 58-63. Giddings, G. 2001. Transgenic Plants as Protein Factories. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 12: 450-454. Hammond, B. 2003. Review of the Food/Feed Safety and Benefits of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Protein Containing, Insect - Protected Crops. In: Agricultural Biotechnology. Challenges and Prospects. M.K. Bhalgat, W.P. Ridley, A.S. Felsot, J.N. Seiber, Edits. ACS Symposium Series 866: 103-125. Harrison, L., Bailey, M., Naylor, M., Ream, J, Hammond, B., Nida, D., Burnette, B., Nickson, T., Mitsky, T., Taylor, M., Fuchs, R., Padgette, S. 1996. The Expressed Protein in Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean, 5-Enolypyruvylshikimate -3-Phosphate Synthase From Agrobacterium sp. Strain CP4, Is Rapidly Digested In Vitro and Is Not Toxic to Acutely Gavaged Mice. Journal of Nutrition. 126. Issue: 3: 728-740. Health Protection Branch. 1994. Guidelines for the Ssafety Assessment of Novel Foods. Vols I and II. Health Canada, Ottawa. Hileman, R., Pyla, P., Holleschak, G., Leach, J., Martin, J., Lee, T., Thoma, R., Astwood, J. 2001. Characterization of Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry3BB1 Protein Produced in Bt and Insect Protected Corn Plants. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Mar 25-29, 2001. Abstract 1959. Holleschak, G., Hileman, R., Pyla, P., Leach J., Martin, J., Lee, T., Thoma, R., Astwood, J. 2001. Characterization of Bacillus Thuringiensis CRY2AB2 Protein Produced in Bt and Insect Protected Corn and Cotton Plants. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Mar 25-29, 2001. Abstract 1958. IFBC (International Food Biotechnology Council). 1991. Biotechnologies and food: Assessment Safety of Foods Produced by Genetic Modification. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol. 12: S1-S196.



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Leach, J., Pyla, P., Holleschak, G., Hileman, R., Lee, T., Bechtel, C., Hammond, B., Astwood, J. 2001. Safety Assessment of Insect Control Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry3BB! Protein for Use in Transgenic Crops. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Mar 25-29, 2001. Abstract 1973. Lee, T., Leach, J., Ledesma, B., Hammond, B., Naylor, M., Fuchs, R., Sidhu, R., Rodriguez, D., Astwood, J. 2001. Safety Assessment of MEPSPS Protein in Roundup Ready Corn Plants. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Mar 25-29, 2001. Abstract 1957. Moellenbeck, D., Peters, M., Bing, J., Rouse, J., Higgins, L., Sims, L., Nevshemall, T.; Marshall, L., Ellis, R., Tracy, B., Paul, G., Lang, B., Stewart, J., Kouba, K., Sondag, V., Gustafson, V., Nour, K., Xu, D., Swenson, J., Zhang, J., Czapla, T., Schwab, G., Jayne, S., Stockhoff, B., Narva, K., Schnepf, H., Ernest, S., Stelman, S., Poutre, C., Koziel, M., Duck, N. 2001. Insecticidal Proteins From Bacillus Thuringiensis Protect Corn From Corn Rootworms. Nat. Biotechnol. 19(7): 668 - 672. OECD. 1993. Safety Evaluation of Foods Produced by Modern Biotechnology: Concepts and Principles. ECD, Paris. OECD. 1996. Food Safety Evaluation. OECD, Paris. Pariza, M., Foster, E. 1983. Determining the Safety of Enzymes Used in Food Processing. J Food Protection. 46: 453-468. Reed, A., Kretzmer, K., Naylor, M., Finn, R., Magin, K., Hammond, B., Leimgruber, R., Rogers, S., Fuchs, R. 1996. Safety Assessment of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Deaminase Protein Expressed in Delayed Ripening Tomatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 44. Issue: 1: 388-394. Rydel, T., Williams, J., Krieger, E., Moshiri, F., Stallings, W., Brown, S., Pershing, J., Purcell, J., Alibhai, M. 2003. The Crystal Structure, Mutagenesis, and Activity Studies Reveal that Patatin is a Lipid Acyl Hydrolase with a Ser-Asp Catalytic Dyad. Biochemistry. 42(22): 6696-6708. Sjoblad, R., McClintock, J., Engler, R. 1992. Toxicological Considerations for Protein Components of Biological pesticide products. J Econ Entomol. 80: 717-723. Wehrmann, A., Van Vliet, A. V., Opsomer, C., Botterman, J., Schulz, A. 1996. The Similarities of Bar and Pat Gene Products Make Them Equally Applicable For Plant Engineers. Nature Biotechnology. 14: 1274-1278. WHO. 1995. Application of the Principles of Substantial Equivalence to the Safety Evaluation of Foods and Food Components from Plants Derived by Modern Biotechnology. Report of a WHO Workshop, Geneva, WHO/FNU/FOS/95.1



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Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Articles - Advantages of Plant Biotechnology Products

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Scientific Articles: Advantages of Plant Biotechnology Products General 2001. Summary. An Agronomic and Economic Assessment of Transgenic Canola - Impact of Transgenic Canola on Growers, Industry and Environment. Canola Council of Canada: 1-4. 2000. IFT Expert Report on Biotechnology and Foods: Benefits and Concerns Associated with Recombinant DNA. Food Technology: 54(10): 61-80. 2000. Modern Biotechnology and Agricultural Markets: A Discussion of Selected Issues. OECD: 1-52. 2000. IFT Expert Report On Biotechnology And Foods: Backgrounder - Recombinant Dna Biotechnology In Balance: Benefits And Concerns Of A New Technology. Institute of Food Technologists. 1-5. 2000. IFT Expert Report On Biotechnology And Foods: Frequently Asked Questions About Benefits And Concerns. Institute of Food Technologists: 1-2. 2000. IFT Expert Report On Biotechnology And Foods: Introduction. FoodTechnology 54(8): 124-136. 1999. Plant Research May Help Reduce Anemia In Humans. The American Society of Plant Physiologists (ASPP) 8-30-2000, www.aspp.org/public_affairs/briefing/anemia.htm : 1. Atanassov, A., Antonov, L., Twardowski, T. 1999. Commercial Needs and Creating New Markets in Eastern European Countries. Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Biology in 21st Century. Proceedings of the Ixth International Congress of the International Association of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology. 36: 685-688. Bajaj, S., Targolli, J., Liu, L., Ho, D., Wu, R. 1999. Transgenic approaches to increase dehydration stress tolerance in plants. Molecular Breeding. 5(6): 493-503. Barry, Gerard F. 2001. The Use of the Monsanto Draft Rice Genome Sequence in Research. Plant Physiol. 125: 1164-1165. Braunchweiger G., Conzelmann, C., Editors: Schreiber, G. A., Bogl, K. W. 1997. Food Industry Supplies Obtained through Genetic Modification: What’s Already In The Market? Food Produced By Means Of Genetically Engineering. Bundesinstitüt für gesundheitlichen Vervraucherschutz und Veterinarmedizin, Berlin. Brookes, G. 2002. The Farm Level Impact of Using Bt Maize in Spain. Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe - ABE: 1-23.



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Brookes, G. 2003. The Farm Level Impact of Using Roundup Ready Soybeans in Romania. http://www.bioportfolio.com/pgeconomics/ Accessed 8/28/03. 27 pages. Cahagnier B, Melcion D (2000) Mycotoxines de Fusarium dans les mais-grains a la recolte; relation entre la presence d'insectes (pyrale, sesamie) et la teneur en mycotoxines. In Proceedings of the 6th International Feed Conference, Food Safety: Current Situation and Perspectives in the European Community. Piacenza, Italy (G. Piva, F. Masoero edits) 27-28 November, 2000. pp. 237-249. Carpenter, J. 2001. Case Studies in Benefits and Risks of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans and Bt Field Corn. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy http://www.ncfap.org/pup/biotech/benefitsandrisks.pdf Carpenter, J. E. 2001. Comparing Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean Yields 1999. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-14. Carpenter, J., Gianessi, l. 2001. Agricultural Biotechnology: Updated Benefit Estimates. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. http://www.ncfap.org/pup/biotech/updatedbenefits.pdf Carpenter, J., Gianessi, L. 1999. Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans: Why Growers are Adopting Roundup Ready Varieties. AgBioForum. 2(2) Spring 1999 http://www.agbioforum.org/ Caswell, M., Fuglie, K. , Klotz, C. 2002. Agricultural Biotechnology - An Economic Perspective. USDA, ERS, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report. No. 687: 1-59. Conko, G. 2003. The Benefits of Biotech. Regulation. 26(1) Spring: 20-25. Coyette, B., Tencalla, F., Brants, I, Fichet, Y. 2002. Effect of Introducing Glyphosate-Tolerant Sugar Beet on Pesticide Usage in Europe. Pesticide Outlook: 219-223. Demicheli, M. C. 1997. Realizing the Potential of Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe. Outlook On Agriculture 26: 79-85. Devine, M., Buth, J. 2001. Advantages Of Genetically Modified Canola: A Canadian Perspective. The BCPC Conference: Weeds, 2001, Volume 1 and Volume 2. Proceedings of an International Conference held at the Brighton Hilton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 12-15 November 2001, (2001): 367-372. Dowd, P. 2000. Indirect Reduction of Era Molds and associated Mycotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis Corn Under Controlled and Open Field Conditions: Utility and Limitations. Journal of Economic Entomology. 93: 1669-1679. Falck-Zepeda, J., Traxler, G., Nelson, R. 2000. Surplus Distribution from the Introduction of a Biotechnology Innovation. Am J of Agric Economics. 82: 360-369



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Fedoroff, N., Cohen, J. 1999. Plants and Population: Is There Time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96: 5903-5907. Ferber, D. 1999. Risks and Benefits: GM Crops in the Cross Hairs. Science. 286: 1662-1666. Fischer, K., Barton, J., Khush, G., Leung, H., Cantrell, R. 2000. Collaborations in Rice. Science. 290: 279-280. Fulton, M., Keyowski, L. 1999. The Producer Benefits of Herbicide-Resistant Canola. AgBioForum. 2 (2) Spring 1999. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. A Summary of Nine Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-17. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Oilseed Rape - Herbicide Tolerant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-18. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Rice - Herbicide Tolerant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-16. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Wheat - Herbicide Tolerant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-19. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Stone Fruit - Virus Resistant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-13. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Tomato - Virus-Resistant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-10. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S. 2003. The Value of Herbicides in US Crop Production: NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-143. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. A summary of Three Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-12.



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Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Maize Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-21 Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Sugarbeet Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-21 Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Potato Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-23. Gianessi, L., Sankula, S., Reigner, N. 2003. Plant Biotechnology - Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in European Agriculture. Maize - Herbicide Tolerant Case Study. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-11. Gianessi, L., Silvers, C., Sankula, S., Carpenter, J. 2002. Executive Summary - Plant Biotechnology - Current and Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in US Agriculture. An Analysis of 40 Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-23. Gianessi, L., Silvers, C., Sankula, S., Carpenter, J. 2002. Executive Summary - Plant Biotechnology - Current and Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in US Agriculture. An Analysis of 40 Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-23. Gianessi, L., Carpenter, J. 2000. Agricultural Biotechnology: Benefits of Transgenic Soybeans. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. http://www.ncfap.org/soy85.pdf Gianessi, L., Carpenter, J. 1999. Agricultural Biotechnology: Insect Control Benefits. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-78. Guerinot, M.L. and Salt, D.E. 2000. Fortified Foods and Pytoremediation. Two sides of the Same Coin. Plant Physiology. 125: 164-167. Harlander, S. 1991. Biotechnology - A Means For Improving Our Food Supply: Use of Genetic Manipulation Techniques Can Benefit Plant and Animal Agriculture, Food Processing, and Waste Management. Food Technology. 45(4): 84-88. Heyer, A., Lloyd, J., Kossmann, J. 1999. Production of Modified Polymeric Carbohydrates. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 10: 169-174.



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Hoisington, D., Khairallah, M., Reeves, T., Ribaut, J.M., Skovmand, B., Taba, S., Warburton, M. 1999. Plant Genetic Resources: What Can They Contribute Toward Increased Crop Productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(11): 5937- 5943. James, C 2002. Preview: Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops. ISAAA Brief (27): 1-24. James, C 2001. Preview: Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops. ISAAA Brief (21): 1-18. James, C. 2000. Global Status of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Brief. 17: 1-78. James, C. 1999. Preview Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Briefs (Brief 12): 1-16. James, C. 1998. Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops 1998. ISAAA Briefs (Brief 8): 1-52. Johnson, D. 1999. The Growth of Demand Will Limit Output Growth For Food Over the Next Quarter Century. PNAS. 96(11): 5915-5920. Kalaitzandonakes, N. 1999. A Farm Level Perspective on Agrobiotechnology: How Much Value And for Whom? AgBioForum. 2(2) Spring 1999. Krattiger, A. 1997. Insect Resistance In Crops: A Case Study Of Bt And Its Transfer To Developing Countries. ISAAA Briefs International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (Brief 2): 1-46. Ku, M., Agarie, S., Nomura, M., Fukayama, H., Tsuchida, H., Ono, K., Hirose, S., Toki, S., Miyao, M., Matsuoka, M. 1999. High Level Expression of Maize Pcarboxylase in Transgenic Rice Plants. Nature Biotechnology 17: 76-80. Mann, C. 1999. Genetic Engineers Aim to Soup Up Crop Photosynthesis. Science. 283(5400): 314-316. Mann, C. 1999. Crop Scientists Seek a New Revolution. Science. 283(5400): 310-314. Martin, M., Hyde, J. 2001. Economic Considerations for the Adoption of Transgenic Crops: The Case of Bt Corn. Journal of Nematology. 33(4): 173 - 177. Masoero, F., Moschini, M., Rossi, F., Prandini, A., Pietri, A. 1999. Nutritive Value, Mycotoxin Contamination and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Normal and Genetically Modified Corn (Cry1A(B)) Grown in Northern Italy. Maydica. 44 (3): 205-209. May, M. 2003. Economic Consequences for UK Farmers of Growing GM Herbicide Tolerant Sugar Beet. Annals of Applied Biology. 142: 41-48.



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McGloughlin, M. 2000. Why Safe and Effective Food Biotechnology is in the Public Interest. Washington Legal Foundation. Critical Legal Issues. Working Paper Series No. 99. University of California, Davis. Minorsky, P. 2002. The Hot and the Classic. Plant Physiology. 129: 929-930. Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R. 1999. Genetically modified, insect resistant corn: Implication for disease management. APSnet Feature, October 15-November 30, 1999. http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/top.asp Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R., Rice, L. 1999. Comparison of Fumonisin Concentrations in Kernals of Transgenic Bt Maize Hybrids and Nontransgenic Hybrids. Plant Dis. 83: 130-138. Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R., Ross, P., Rice, L. 1999. Reductions in Fumonisin Concentrations Associated With Transgenic Control Of European Corn Borer in Bt Maize Hybrids. International Conference on the Toxicology of Fumonisin: 53. Munkvold, G., Desjardins, A. 1997. Fumonisins In Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence. Plant Disease. 81(6): 556-565. Munkvold, G., Hellmich, R., Showers, W. 1997. Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Symptomless Infection in Kernals of Maize Genetically Engineered for European Corn Borer Resistance. Phytopathology. 87: 1071-1077 Niemi, J., Makela, S., Tuomisto, J. 2003. The Distribution of Costs and Benefits from the Commercial Introduction of Genetically Modified Crops - A Case Study on Potato in Finland. 7th ICABR Int'l Conference on Public Goods and Public Policy for Agricultural Biotechnology, Ravello, Italy, June 29 to July 3, 2003: 1-15. Phipps, R. 2000. GM Crops: An Alternative View to Greenpeace. Feed Compounder: 1-4. Pietri, A., Piva, G. 2000. Occurrence and control of mycotoxins in maize grown in Italy. In Proceedings of the 6th International Feed Conference, Food Safety: Current Situation and Perspectives in the European Community. Piacenza, Italy (G. Piva, F. Masoero edits) 27-28 November, 2000. pp. 226-236. Poirer, Y. 1999. Production of New Polymeric Compounds in Plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 10: 181-185. Ponstein, A., Beudeker, R., Pen, J. 2003. Transgenic Plants For Production of Enzymes. Food Science and Technology. Handbook of Food Enzymology. 122: 175 - 191. Price, G., Lin, W., Falck-Zepeda, J., Fernandez-Cornejo, J. 2003. Size and Distribution of Market Benefits from Adopting Biotech Crops. USDA. ERS. Technical Bulletin Number 1906. November: 1-40.



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Qaim, M., Traxler, G. 2002. Roundup Ready Soybeans in Argentina - Farm Level, Environmental and Welfare Effects. 6th Int'l ICABR Conference, Ravello, Italy, July 11-14, 2002: 1-15. Reed, G., Jensen, A., Riebe, J., Head, G., Duan, J. 2001. Transgenic Bt Potato and Conventional Insecticides for Colorado Potato Beetle Management - Comparative Efficacy and Non-target Impacts. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 100: 89-100. Runge, C., Ryan, B. 2003. The Eonomic Status and Performance of Plant Biotechnology in 2003 - Adoption, Research and Development in the United States. Council for Biotechnology Information. CBI: 1-122. Sharma, H., Ortiz, R. 2000. Transgenics, Pest Management, and the Environment. Current Science. 79(4): 421 - 437. Shelton, A., Zhao, J., Roush, R. 2002. Economic, Ecological, Food Safety, and Social Consequences of the Deployment of Bt Transgenic Plants. Annual Rev Entomology. 47: 845-881. Smith, N. 2000. Seeds of Opportunity: An Assessment of the Benefits, Safety, and Oversight of Plant Genomics and Agricultural Biotechnology. Subcommittee on Basic Research. http://www.house.gov/science/smithreport_041300.pdf: 1-83. Weaver-Missick, T. 2000. Transgenics for a Better Tomato. Agriculture Research Service Magazine. September: 14-15. Winicov, I. 1998. New Molecular Approaches to Improving Salt Tolerance in Crop Plants. Annals of Botany (London). 82(6): 703-710. www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/otherdocs/bt_reassess/6-Benefits.pdf. Corn Glick, H. 2003. The Billion Dollar Bug - A New Transgenic Solution for Maize Growers. Int'l Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research. 7th ICABR International Conference, Ravello, Italy, June 29-July 3, 2003: 1-14. Hammond, B., Campbell, K., Pilcher, Clinton D., Degooyer, T., Robinson, A., McMillen, B., Spangler, S., Riordan, S., Rice, L., Richard, J. 2004. Lower Fumonisin Mycotoxin Levels in the Grain of Bt Corn Grown in the United States in 2000-2002 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52(5): 1390 - 1397. Oehme, F., Pickrell, J. 2003. Genetically Engineered Corn Rootworm Resistance - Potential for Reduction of Human Health Effects from Pesticides. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 16: 17-28.



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Payne, J., Fernandez-Cornejo, J., Daberkow, S. 2003. Factors Affecting the Likelihood of Corn Rootworm Bt Seed Adoption. AgBioForum. 6(1-2): 79-86. Rice, M. 2004. Transgenic Rootworm Corn - Assessing Potential Agronomic, Economic and Environmetnal Benefits. Plant Health Progress. Online 8/12/04. doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0301-01-RV: 10 Pages. Rice, M. 2003. Genetically Engineered Cry3Bb1 corn for Controlling Diabrotica rootworms - Estimating the Agronomic, Economic and Entironmental Benefits of Transgenic Biotechnology. The BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology 2003. 10-12 November: 69-74. Cotton Armstrong, J. S., Leser, J., Kraemer, G., Dugger, P. [EDITOR], Richter, D. [EDITOR]. 2000. An Inventory of the Key Predators of Cotton Pests on Bt and Non-Bt Cotton in West Texas. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio, USA. 2: 1030-1033. Becker, H. 2001. Insecticides Reduced in Runoff from Bt Cotton. Agricultural Research Service news website - www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2001/010307.htm: 1-2. Benedict, J., Altman, D. 2001. Commercialization of Transgenic Cotton Expressing Insecticidal Crystal Protein. Genetic Improvement of Cotton. Chap. 8: 137-201. Bennett, R., Buthelezi, T., Ismael, Y., Morse, S. 2003. Bt Cotton, Pesticides, Labour and Health - A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in the Makhathini Flats, Republic of South Africa 2003. Outlook on Agriculture. 32(2): 123 - 128. Bennett, R., Morse, S., Ismael, Y. 2003. The Benefits of Bt Cotton to Small-scale Producers in Developing Countries - the Case of South Africa. 7th ICABR Int'l Conference on Public Goods and Public Policy for Agricultural Biotechnology, Ravello, Italy, June 29 to July 3, 2003. Pages 1-11. Bennett, A. 2002. The Impact of Bt-Cotton on Small Holder Production in the Makhathini Flats, South Africa. www.monsantoafrica.com/reports/bt_report/BtCottonReport.html. Berberich, S., Lee, T., Weston, P., Smith, C., Hileman, R., Astwood, J. 2001. Characterization of Insect Protection Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry2AA Protein Produced in E. Coli and Cotton Plants. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Ma.

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Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Scientific Articles - Animal Feed Performance

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Scientific Articles: Animal Feed Performance Aalhus, J., Dugan, M., Lien, K., Larsen, I., Costello, F., Rolland, D., Best, D., Thacker, R. 2003. Effects of Feeding Glyphosate-tolerant Canola Meal on Swine Growth, Carcass Composition and Meat Quality. Erratum to 2003 Joint Annual Meeting. Journal of Animal Science. 81(Suppl 1): 3267. Aeschbacher, K., Meile, L., Messikommer, R., Wenk, C. 2002. Influence of Genetically Modified Maize on Performance and Product Quality of Chickens. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 11: 196. Aeschbacher, K., Messikommer, R., Wenk. C. 2001. Physiological Characteristics of Bt-176 Corn in Poultry and Destiny of Recombinant Plant DNAin Poultry Products. Annals of Nutr. And Metab. 45(Suppl. 1): 376. Aeschbacher, K., Meile, L., Messikommer, R., Wenk, C. 2001. Genetically Modified Maize in Diets for Chickens and Laying Hens: Influence on Performance and Product Quality. Proceedings: International Symposium on Genetically Modified Crops and Co-products as Feeds for Livestock, pp 41-42, September, Nitra, Slovak Republic. Alexander, T.W., R. Sharma, E.K. Okine, W.T. Dixon, R.J. Forster, K. Stanford and T.A. McAllister. 2002. Impact of Feed Processing and Mixed Ruminal Culture on the Fate of Recombinant EPSP Synthase and Endogenous Canola Plant DNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 214: 263-269. Artim, L., Charlton, S., Dana, G., Faust, M., Glenn, K., Hartnell, G., Hunst, P., Jennings, J., Shillito, R. 2001. Animal Performance Trials with Bt Maize. Proceedings of the 4th Pacific Rim Conference - Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Nov 11-15, 2001: 246-253. Ash, J.A., S.E. Scheideler and C.L. Novak. 2000. The Fate of Genetically Modified Protein from Roundup Ready? Soybeans in the Laying Hen. Poultry Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1): 26. Abstract 111. Aulrich, K., Böhme, H., Daenicke, R., Halle, I., Flachowsky, G. 2002. Novel Feeds – A Review of Experiments at Our Institute. Food Research International. 35: 285-293. Aulrich, K., Flachowsky, G. 2001. Assessment of Novel Feeds in Animal Nutritition. Journal of Animal Science. 79(Suppl.1): 55 Aulrich, K., Böhme, H., Daenicke, R., Halle, I., Flachowsky, G. 2001. Genetically Modified Feeds in Animal Nutrition. 1st Communication: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Corn in Poultry, Pig and Ruminant Nutrition. Arch. Tierernahr. 54 (3): 183-195. Aulrich, K., Daenicke, R., Halle, I., Flachowsky, G. 1999. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Einstatz von



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herkommlichem und Bt-Mais in der Geflηgel- und Wiederkuerernhrung. (VDLUFA) Kongressband 1999 111. VDLUFA-Kongre8. 13.-17.09.1999. Halle/Saale, 285-288. Aulrich, K, Halle, I., Flachowsky, G. 1998. Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von Maiskörnen der Sorte Cesar und der gentechnisch veränderten Bt-hybride bei Legenhennen. Proc Einfluss von Erzeugung und Verarbeitung auf die Qualität laudwirtschaftlicher Produkte pp.465-468. Aumaitre, A., Aulrich, K., Chesson, A., Flachowsky, G., Piva, G. 2002. New Feeds From Genetically Modified Plants - Substantial Equivalence, Nutritional Equivalence, Digestibility, And Safety For Animals And The Food Chain. Livestock Production Science. 74. 3: 223-238. Aumaitre, L.A. 2000. Les nouveaux aliments: sécurité, equivalence en substance et valeur alimentaire pour les animaux. Proceedings of the 6th International Feed Production Conference. Piacenza, Italy. November 2000. Food Safety: Current situation and perspectives in the European Community. Editors, G. Piva and F. Masoero: 273-290. Aventis. 2000. Livestock Studies. http://www.us.cropscience.aventis.com/AventisUS/Cropscience/stage/html/livestockstudies.htm Barriere, Y., Verite, R., Brunschwig, P., Surault, F., Emile, J. 2001. Feeding Value of Corn Silage Estimated with Sheep and Dairy Cows is not Altered by Genetic Incorporation of Bt 176 Resistance to Ostrinia nubilalis. Journal Dairy Science. 84: 186. Beever, D., Kemp, C. 2000. Safety Issues Associated With The DNA In Animal Feed Derived From Genetically Modified Crops. A Review Of Scientific and Regulatory Procedures. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 70(3): 175-182. Bennett, R., Kitching, A. 2001. The Economic Implications of Imported Genetically-Modified Soybean and Maize Livestock Feed Ingredients in the UK. Farm Management. 11(1): 49-58. Berger, L., Robbins, N., Sewell, J., Stanisiewski, E., Hartnell, G. 2003. Effect of Feeding Diets Containing Corn Grain with Corn Rootworm Protection (event MON863), Control, or Conventional Varieties on Steer Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1): 214. Abstract M150. Bertrand, J.A., Jenkins, T., Calhoun., M. 2002. Comparison of Nutrient Content and Digestibility of Traditional Versus Genetically Modified Whole Cottonseed. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):119. Abstract 474. Böhme, H., Aulrich, K., Daenicke, R., Flachowsky, G. 2001. Genetically Modified Feeds in Animal Nutrition 2nd Com.: Glufosinate Tolerant Sugar Beets (roots and silage) in Maize Sseeds. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 54 (3): 197-207. Böhme H, Aulrich K (1999) Inhaltsstoffe und Verdaulichkeit von transgenen Zuckerrben bzw. Krnermais im Vergleich zu den isogenen Sorten beim Schwein. (Ingredients and digestibility of transgenic sugar beets and corn



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Rutzmoser, K., J. Meyer and A. Obermaier. 1999. Verfütterung von Silomais der Sorten “Pactol” und “Pactol CB” (gentechnisch veränderte Bt-Hybride) an Milchkühe. Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau, Schriftenreihe der Bayer. Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau 3:25-34. Sauber, T. 2000. Performance of Soybean Meals Produced From Genetically Enhanced Soybeans. 61th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council Technical Symposium, September 19-20, 2000, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings: 44-51. Sidhu RS, Hammond BG, Fuchs RL et al. (2000) Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn: The Composition and Feeding Value of Grain from Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn is Equivalent to that of Conventional Corn (Zea mays L.) J Agric Food Chem. 48: 2305-2312. Simon, J., Van der Pol, K., Erickson, G., Klopfenstein, T., Macken, C., Stanisiewski, E., Hartnell, G. 2002. Effect of Roundup Ready Corn -Event NK603- on Performance in Beef Feedlot Diets. Journal of Animal Science 80 (Suppl. 1): 46. Abstract 179. Singh, M., Tiwari, D., Kumar, A., Kuman, M.R. 2003. Effect of Feeding Transgenic Cottonseed vis-à-vis Non-transgenic Cottonseed on Haematobiochemical Constituents in Lactating Murrah Buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Animal Science. 16(12): 1732-1737. Singh, M., Tiwari, D., Kumar, A., Kumar, M. 2002. Effect of Feeding Transgenic Cottonseed vis-à-vis Non-transgenic Cottonseed on Haematobiochemical Constituents in Lactating Murrah Buffaloes. Xth International Congress, Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP), Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India - September 23-27, 2002, p. 257-258, Abstract. Spencer, J., Allee, G., Sauber, T. 2000. Growing-finishing Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Normal and Genetically Modified Low-phytate Corn. Journal of Animal Science. 78: 1529-1536. Spencer, J., Allee, G., Sauber, T. 2000. Phosphorus Bioavailability and Digestibility of Normal and Genetically Modified Low Phytate Corn for Pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 78: 675-681. Sommer, A., Chrenková, M. Nitrayová, M. Cerešnáková, M., Bulla, J., Prostredná, M. 2002. Compositional and Nutritional Equivalence of Genetically Modified Maize Based on Rat Performance Test. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 11: 193. Stanford, K., Aalhus, J. L., Dugan, M. E., Wallins, G. L., Sharma, R., McAllister, T. A. 2003. Effects of Feeding Transgenic Canola on Apparent Digestibility, Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics Of Lambs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 83(2): 299-305. Stanford, K., McAllister, T., Aalhus, J., Dugan, M., Sharma, R. 2002. Effects of Feeding Glyphosate-tolerant Canola Meal on Lamb Growth, Meat Quality and Apparent Feed Digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1): 71.



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Abstract 281. Stanisiewski, E.P., M.L. Taylor, M., Hartnell, G., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., George, B., Astwood, J. 2002. Broiler Performance when Fed Roundup Ready® (event RT73) or Conventional Canola Meal. Poultry Sci. 81(Suppl. 1): 95. Abstract 408. Stanisiewski, E., Hartnell, G., Cook, D. 2001. Comparison of Swine Performance When Fed Round Ready Corn -GA21-, a Parental Line, or Commercial Corn. Journal Animal Science. 79 (Suppl 1): 319-320. Abstract 1322. Stilborn, H.L. 1999. The Future of Designer Grains For Nonruminants. 60th Minnesota Nutrition Conference & ZinPro Technical Symposium, September 20-22, 1999, Bloomington, MN. Conference Proceedings p 144. Swamy, H., Smith, T., MacDonald, E., Sefton, A. 2001. Effects of Feeding Blends of Grains Naturally-Contaminated with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Growth and Brain Regional Neurochemistry of Starter Pigs and the Efficacy of Supplemental Yeast Cell Wall Polymer in Detoxification. Journal of Animal Science. 79(Suppl. 1): 106. Taylor, M., Stanisiewski, E., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., George, B., Hartnell, G. 2004. Comparison of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready -Event RT73-, Nontransgenic Control, or Commercial Canola Meal. Poultry Science. 83: 456-461. Taylor, M., Hyun, Y., Hartnell, G., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., Karunanandaa, K., George, B., Astwood, J. 2003. Comparison of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing Grain from YieldGard Rootworm - MON863, YieldGard Plus - MON810 x MON863, Nontransgenic Control, or Commercial Reference Corn Hybrids. Poultry Science. 82: 1948-1956. Taylor, M.L., B. George, B., Hyun, Y., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., Karunanandaa, K., Hartnell, G. 2003. Comparision of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing Insect-protected YieldGard® Plus ( MON 810 x MON 863), Non-transgenic Control, or Commercial Corn. Poultry Sci. 82(Suppl. 1): 65. Abstract 274. Taylor, M., Hartnell, G., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., Karunanandaa, K., George, B., Astwood, J. 2003. Comparison of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing Grain from Roundup Ready - NK603, YieldGard X Roundup Ready - MON810 X NK603, Non-transgenic Control, or Commercial Corn. Poultry Science. 82: 443-453. Taylor, M., Hartnell, G., Riordan, S., Nemeth, M., Karunanandaa, K., George, B., Astwood, J. 2003. Comparison of Broiler Performance when Fed Diets Containing Grain from Yieldgard MON810, Yieldgard X Roundup Ready - GA21, Nontransgenic Control, or Commercial Corn. Poultry Science. 82: 823-830. Taylor, M.L., G.F. Hartnell, G., Astwood, J., Nemeth, M., George, G. 2002. Comparison of Broiler



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Performance when Fed Diets Containing YieldGard® (MON810) x Roundup Ready® (NK603), Nontransgenic Control, or Commercial Corn. Poultry Sci. 81(Suppl. 1): 95. Abstract 405. Taylor, M. L., Hartnell, G. F., Nemeth, M. A., George, B., Astwood, J. D. 2001. Comparison Of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing Roundup Ready ® Corn Event NK603 Parental Line, Or Commercial Corn. Poultry Science. 80. Suppl. 1(1323): 320. Taylor, M. L., Hartnell, G. F., Nemeth, M. A., George, B., Astwood, J. D. 2001. Comparison Of Broiler Performance When Fed Diets Containing YieldGard® Corn, YieldGard® and Roundup Ready® Corn, Parental Lines, Or Commercial Corn. Poultry Science. 80(1): 319. Abstract 1321. Tony, M., Broll, H., Zagon, J., Halle, I., Farouk, F., Edris, B., Awadalla, S., Bögl, K., Schauzu, M., . Flachowsky, G. 2002. Detection and Impact of Bt 176 Maize on Broiler Health and Performance. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 11: 197. Vander Pol, K., Simon, J., Erickson, G., Klopfenstein, T., Stanisiewski, E., Hartnell, G. 2003. Feeding transgenic (Bt corn rootworm protected and Roundup Ready®) corn to feedlot cattle. Neb. Beef Rep. MP 80-A:30-32. Weber, T. E., Richert, B. T., Kendall, D. C. Bowers, K. A., Herr, C. T. 2000. Grower - Finisher Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Genetically Modified "Bt" Corn. Purdue University 2000 Swine Day Report. 7-25-2001, http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swine/swineday/sday00/psd07-2000.html: 1-8. Weisbjerg, M., Hvelplund T., Purup, S., Vestergaard, M., Sejrsen, K. 2001. Genetically Modified Beets and Beet Pulp as Feeds for Ruminants, Experiments with Sheep and Dairy Cattle at Research Centre Foulum, Denmark. Proceedings: International Symposium on Genetically Modified Crops and Co-Products as Feeds for Livestock, Nitra, Slovak Republic: 37-40. Weisbjerg, M.R., S. Purup, S., Vestergaard, M., Hvelplund, T., Sejrsen, K. 2001. Undersøgelser af genmodificerede foderroer til malkeløer. DJF Rapport 25, Husdrybrug, Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri, Denmark. Wilson, C.B., C.N. Macken, C., Erickson, G., Klopfenstein, T., Stanisiewski, E. 2003. Utilization of Genetically Enhanced Corn Residue on Grazing Steer Performance. 2003 Nebraska Beef Report: 18-19. Yonemochi,, C., Fujisaki, H., Harada, T., Kusama, T., Hanazumi, M . 2002. Evaluation of Transgenic Event CBH 351 (Starlink) Corn in Broiler Chicks. Animal Sci. J. 73: 221-228. Yonemochi, C. Ikeda, T., Harada, C., Kusama, T., Hanazum, M. 2003. Influence of Transgenic Corn (CBH 351, named Starlink) on Health Condition of Dairy Cows and Transfer of Cry9C Protein and cry9c Gene to Milk, Blood, Liver and Muscle. Animal Sci. J. 74: 81-88.


Compiled by the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Protein and DNA Detection in Meat and MilkFrom Animals Fed Genetically Modified Crops

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Scientific Articles: Protein and DNA Detection in Meat and Milk from Animals Fed Genetically Modified Crops Artim, L., Charlton, S., Dana, G., Faust, M., Glenn, K., Hartnell, G., Hunst, P., Jennings, J., Shillito, R. 2001. Detection of DNA and Protein in Farm Animal Products Fed Biotech Crops. Genetically Modified Crops and Co-Products as Feeds for Livestock, International Symposium, Nitra, Sovak Republic. Ash, J., Novak, C., Scheideler, S. 2003. The Fate of Genetically Modified Protein from Roundup Ready Soybeans in Laying Hens. J. Applied Poultry Research. 12: 242-245. Ash, J. A., Scheideler, S. E., Novak, C. L. 2000. The Fate of Genetically Modified Protein From Roundup Ready® Soybeans In The Laying Hen. Poultry Sciences (Supp 1): 26. Aulrich, K.H., G. Pahlow, and G. Flachowsky. 2004. Influence of Ensiling on the DNA-degradation in Isogenic and Transgenic Corn. (Einfluss der Silerung auf den DNA-Abbau in isiogenem und transgenem Mais). Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 13: 112. Aulrich, K., Reuter, T., Flachowsky, G. 2002. The Fate of Foreign DNA in Farm Animals Fed with Genetically Modified Plants. Proc Soc. Nutr. Phsiol. 11: 187-188. Beever, D., Phipps, R. 2001. The Fate of Plant DNA and Novel Proteins in Feeds for Farm Livestock: A United Kingdom perspective." J. Anim. Sci. 79: E290-E295. Beever, D., Kemp, C. 2000. Safety Issues Associated With The DNA In Animal Feed Derived From Genetically Modified Crops. A Review Of Scientific and Regulatory Procedures. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 70(3): 175-182. Chowdhury, E., Kuribara, H., Hino, A., Sultana, P., Mikami, O., et al. 2003. Detection of Corn Intrinsic and Recombinant DNA Fragments and Cry1AB Protein in the Gastrointestinal Contents of Pigs Fed Genetically Modified Corn Bt11. Journal of Animal Science. 81: 2546-2551. Doerfler, W. 2000. Foreign DNA in Mammalian Systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. L. Duggan, P., Chambers, P., Heritage, J., Forbes, J. 2003. Fate Of Genetically Modified Maize DNA in the Oral Cavity and Rumen of Sheep. British Journal of Nutrition. 89(2): 159 - 166. Einspanier, R., Lutz, B., Rief, S., Berezina, O., Zverlov, V., Schwarz, W., Mayer, J. 2004. Tracing Residual Recombinant Feed Molecules During Digestion and Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Cattle Fed Transgene Maize. European Food Research and Technology. 218(3): 269-273.



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Einspanier, R., Klotz, A., Kraft, J., Aulrich, K., Poser, R., Schwägele, F., Jahreis, G., Floachosky, G. 2001. The Fate of Forage Plant DNA in Farm Animals: a Collaborative Case-Study Investigating Cattle and Chicken Fed Recombinant Plant Material. European Food Reaserch Technology. 212. Issue: 2: 129-134. FASS Facts. 2000. Genetically Modified Crops – Impact on Meat, Milk and Eggs. Federation of Animal Science Societies. January 2000. http://www.fass.org/fassfact.pdf Faust, M. 1999. Research Update on Bt Corn Silage. Four State Applied Nutrition and Management Conference. MWPS-4SD5: 158-164. Faust, M., Miller, L. 1997. Study Finds No Bt in Milk. IC-478. Fall Special Livestock Edition. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, Iowa: 6-7. Faust, M., Miller, L. 1997. Study Finds No Bt in Milk. IC-478. Fall Special Livestock Edition. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, Iowa: 6-7. Flachowsky, G., Aulrich, K. 2002. Food of Animal Origin After Feeding of Feeds From Genetically Modified Plants (gmp). Ernaehrungs-Umschau . 49(3): 84 - 88. Flachowsky, G., Aulrich, K., Böhme, H., Daenicke, R. 2000. GMO in Animal Nutrition - Results of experiments at our Institute. Proc. 6th Int. Feed Prod. Conf.; Piacenza; 27-28 Nov. 2000: :291-307. Forbes, JM, Blair, GE, Chiter, A., Perks, S. 2000. Effect of Feed Processing Conditions on DNA Fragmentation. U. K. MAFF Report CS0116, 2000. Gawienowski, M. C., Eckoff, S. R., Yang, P., Rayapati, P. J., Binder, T., Briskin, D. P. 1999. Fate of Maize DNA During Steeping, Wet-Milling, and Processing. Cereal Chemistry. 76 (3): 371-374. Hohlweg, U., Doerfler, W. 2001. On the Fate of Plant Or Other Foreign Genes Upon the Uptake in Food or After Intramuscular Injection in Mice. Molecular Genetic Genomics. 265. Issue: 2: 225-233. Jennings, J. C., Kolwyck, D. C., Kays, S. B., Whetsell, A. J., Surber, J. B., Cromwell, G. L., Lirette, R. P., Glenn, K. C. 2003. Determining Whether Transgenic and Endogenous Plant DNA and Transgenic Protein are Detectable in Muscle from Swine Fed Roundup Ready Soybean Meal. Journal Anim. Sci. 81: 1447-1455.

Jennings, J.C., Whetsell, A., Nicholas, N., Sweeney, B., Klaften, M., Kays, S., Hartnell, G., Lirette, R., Glenn, K. 2003. Determining Whether Transgenic or Endogenous Plant DNA is Detectable in Dairy Milk or Beef Organs. Bulletin 383/2003 of the International Dairy Federation: 144(2): 41-46. Jennings, J.C., Albee, L., Kolwyck, D., Surber, J., Taylor, M., Hartnell, G., Lirette, R., Glenn, K. 2003. Attempts to Detect Transgenic and Endogenous Plant DNA and Transgenic Protein in Muscle from Broilers Fed YieldGard Corn Borer Corn. Poultry Sci. 82: 371-380.



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Japan MAFF. 2001. No Traces of Modified DNA in Poultry Fed on GM Corn. Nature. 408: 126. Jonas, D. A., Elmadfa, I., Engel, K., Heller, K., Kozianowski, G., Konig, A., Muller, D., Narbonne, J., Wackernagel, W., Kleiner, J. 2001. Safety Considerations of DNA in Food. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 45(6): 235-254. Khumnirdpetch, V., Intarachote, U., Treemanee, S., Tragoonroong, S., Thummabood, S. 2001. Detection of GMOs in the Broilers that Utilized Genetically Modified Soybean Meals as a Feed Ingredient. Plant and Animal Genome IX Conference, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, Jan 13-17, 2001. San Diego, CA. www.intl-pag.org/pag/9/abstracts/P08_38.html. Klaften, M., Whetsell, A., Webster, J., Grewal, R., Fedyk, E., Einspanier, R., Jennings, J., Lirette, R., Glenn, K. 2004. Development of PCR Methods to Detect Plant DNA in Animal Tissues, Agricultural Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects, M.K. Bhalgat,, W.P. Ridley, A.S. Felsot, J.N. Seiber, Editors, ACS Symposium Series 866; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2004; pp 83-99. Klotz, A., Mayer, J., Einspanier, R. 2002. Degradation and Possible Carry Over of Feed DNA Monitored In Pigs And Poultry. European Food Research and Technology. 214(4): 271-275. Klotz, A., Einspanier, R 1998. Nachweis von “Novel-Feed” im Tier? Beeintrachtigung des Verbrauchers von Fleish oder Milch ist nicht zu erwarten. Detection of “novel feed” in animals? Injury of consumers of meat or milk is not expected. Mais 3: 109-111. Marzok, M.A. 2004. Detection of Genetically Modified Soybeans and Maize in Egypt as well as Comparative Nutritional Safety Investigations of Isogenic and Transgenic (Bt) Maize in Broiler Nutrition: Broiler Performance, Degradation and Metabolic Fate of Maize DNA in Some Tissues and Organs. Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, ISBN 3-89820-668-8, Mensch & Buch Verlag, Berlin. Phipps, R., Deaville, E., Maddison, B., Sutton, J., Beever, D., Givens, D. 2004. Detection of Transgenic Protein and DNA in Bovine Milk and the Effect of Transgenes on Nutrient Digestion and Milk Production in Daairy Cows. Food Standards Agency, Center for Dairy Research. CEDAR Report No. 192: 1-67. Phipps, R., Deaville, E., Maddison, B. 2003. Detection of Transgenic and Endogenous Plant DNA in Rumen Fluid, Duodenal Digesta, Milk, Blood, and Feces of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal Dairy Science. 86: 4070-4078. Phipps, R.H., Beever, D., Humphries, D. 2002. Detection of Transgenic DNA in Milk from Cows Receiving Herbicide Tolerant (CP4EPSPS) Soyabean Meal. Livestock Production Science. 74: 269-273. Phipps, R., Beever, D. 2001. The Search for Transgenic DNA in Bovine Milk. Genetically Modified Crops and Co-Producers as Feeds for Livestock, International Symposium, Nitra, Slovak Republic, 19-20th



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September 2001: 23-25. Poms, R.E., Hochsteiner, W., Luger, K., Glössl, J., Foissy, H. 2003. Model Studies on the Detectability of Genetically Modified Feeds in Milk. Journal of Food Protection. 66: 304-310.

Reuter, T., Aulrich, K. 2003. Investigations on Genetically Modified Maize (Bt-maize) in Pig Nutrition: Fate of feed Ingested Foreign DNA in Pig Bodies. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 216: 185-192.

Tony, M.A., Butschke, A., Broll, H., Grohmann, L., Zagon, J., Halle, I., Dänicke, S., Schauzu, M., Hafez, H., Flachowsky, G. 2003. Safety Assessement of Bt 176 Maize in Broiler Nutrition: Degradation of Maize-DNA and its Metabolic Fate. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 57(4): 235-252.

Tony, M., Broll, H., Zagon, J., Halle, I., Farouk, F., Edris, B., Awadalla, S., Bögl, K., Schauzu, M., Flachowsky, G. 2002. Detection and Impact of Bt 176 Maize on Broiler Health and Performance. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 11: 197.

Yonemochi, C.., Fujisaki, H., T., Harada, C., Kusama, T., Hanazum, M. 2002. Evaluation of Transgenic Event CBH 351 (Starlink) Corn in Broiler Chicks. Animal Sci. J. 73: 221-228.

Yonemochi, C. T., Ikeda, T., Harada, C., Kusama, T., Hanazum, M. 2003. Influence of Transgenic Corn (CBH 351, named Starlink) on Health Condition of Dairy Cows and Transfer of Cry9C Protein and cry9c Gene to Milk, Blood, Liver and Muscle. Animal Sci. J. 74: 81-88.