IHO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART PRODUCT … · 2018. 6. 12. · INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION IHO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART PRODUCT SPECIFICATION IHO Publication S-101

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

IHO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

IHO Publication S-101

Annex A

Data Classification and Encoding Guide

Version 1.0.0 – December 2018

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Special Publication No. 101¶Electronic Navigational Chart Product Specification¶

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ii Data Classification and Encoding Guide

S-101 Annex A December 2018 Edition 1.0.0

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. iii

1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 S-101 ANNEX A; DATA CLASSIFICATION AND ENCODING GUIDE - METADATA .............................. 1 1.3 TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... 1

1.3.1 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................. 1 1.3.2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.4 USE OF LANGUAGE .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................................................... 5

2 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 FEATURE TYPES .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 Multiple features ........................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 GEOMETRIC PRIMITIVES .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Capture density guideline ........................................................................................................... 8

2.3 INFORMATION TYPES .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 ATTRIBUTES ........................................................................................................................................ 9

2.4.1 Multiplicity ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Simple attribute types .................................................................................................................. 9 2.4.3 Mandatory and conditional attributes ...................................................................................... 10 2.4.4 Missing attribute values ............................................................................................................. 13 2.4.5 Portrayal feature attributes ....................................................................................................... 14 2.4.6 Textual information .................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.7 Spatial attribute types ................................................................................................................ 14 2.4.8 Dates ............................................................................................................................................ 15

2.4.8.1 Seasonal features ............................................................................................................................ 16 2.4.9 Times ........................................................................................................................................... 16

2.4.9.1 Schedules .......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4.10 Colours and colour patterns ................................................................................................. 17 2.4.11 Radar conspicuous features (see S-4 – B-485.2) ............................................................ 17 2.4.12 Attributes referencing external files .................................................................................... 17

2.4.12.1 Reference to textual files ................................................................................................................. 19 2.4.12.2 Reference to pictorial files ............................................................................................................... 20

2.5 DATASETS .......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5.1 ENC data coverage.................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.2 Discovery metadata ................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.3 Minimal depiction areas ............................................................................................................ 21

2.5.3.1 Wide blank areas .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.5.3.2 Simplified or minimum depiction areas ......................................................................................... 22

2.5.4 Dataset attributes ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.5 Units ............................................................................................................................................. 24 2.5.6 Coordinate multiplication factor ................................................................................................ 24 2.5.7 Seamless ENC coverage .......................................................................................................... 24 2.5.8 Feature Object Identifiers .......................................................................................................... 26 2.5.9 180° Meridian of Longitude ....................................................................................................... 26 2.5.10 Heights and elevations ......................................................................................................... 26 2.5.11 Geographic names ................................................................................................................ 27

2.5.11.1 Text placement ................................................................................................................................. 28 2.5.12 Sample scale minimum policy ............................................................................................. 28 2.5.13 Masking ................................................................................................................................... 36

2.6 DESCRIPTION OF TABLE FORMAT FOR S-101 META AND GEO FEATURES ....................................... 40

3 METADATA FEATURES ....................................................................................................................... 42

3.1 HORIZONTAL UNCERTAINTY ............................................................................................................ 42 3.2 VERTICAL UNCERTAINTY ................................................................................................................. 42 3.3 QUALITY OF NON-BATHYMETRIC DATA ........................................................................................... 43

3.3.1 Quality of non-bathymetric data ............................................................................................... 43 3.4 DATA COVERAGE .............................................................................................................................. 44

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3.4.1 Coverage ..................................................................................................................................... 44 3.5 NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM OF MARKS ................................................................................................. 46

3.5.1 Buoyage systems (see S-4 – B-461) ...................................................................................... 46 3.6 LOCAL DIRECTION OF BUOYAGE ...................................................................................................... 47

3.6.1 Local direction of buoyage (see S-4 – B-461.5) .................................................................... 47 3.7 QUALITY OF BATHYMETRIC DATA ................................................................................................... 48

3.7.1 Quality, reliability and accuracy of bathymetric data (see S-4 – B-297) ............................ 48 3.7.1.1 Feature detection ............................................................................................................................. 51 3.7.1.2 Temporal variation ........................................................................................................................... 51 3.7.1.3 Sounding uncertainty ....................................................................................................................... 51

3.8 SOUNDING DATUM ............................................................................................................................. 52 3.8.1 Sounding datum ......................................................................................................................... 53

3.9 VERTICAL DATUM ............................................................................................................................. 54 3.9.1 Vertical datum ............................................................................................................................. 54

3.10 QUALITY OF SURVEY ........................................................................................................................ 56 3.10.1 Survey reliability and source of bathymetric data ............................................................. 57 3.10.2 Quality of sounding ............................................................................................................... 57 3.10.3 Technique of vertical measurement ................................................................................... 58

3.11 UPDATE INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................... 59 3.11.1 Update information ................................................................................................................ 59

4 GEO FEATURES – MAGNETIC DATA ............................................................................................... 60

4.1 MAGNETIC VARIATION .................................................................................................................... 60 4.1.1 Magnetic variation (see S-4 – B-261; B-270 to B-273) ......................................................... 60

4.2 LOCAL MAGNETIC ANOMALY .......................................................................................................... 61 4.2.1 Local magnetic anomaly (see S-4 – B-274) ........................................................................... 61

5 GEO FEATURES – NATURAL FEATURES ........................................................................................ 62

5.1 CLIFFS (SEE S-4 – B-312.3) ............................................................................................................... 62 5.2 CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS (SEE S-4 – B-363.2 AND B-364.1) .................................................. 63 5.3 COASTLINE ........................................................................................................................................ 64

5.3.1 Coastline (see S-4 – B-310 and B-311) .................................................................................. 64 5.3.2 Natural coastline (see S-4 – B-312 and B-353.8) ................................................................. 65

5.4 LAND AREA ........................................................................................................................................ 66 5.4.1 Land area .................................................................................................................................... 66 5.4.2 Rocks which do not cover (islets) (see S-4 – B-421.1) ........................................................ 66

5.5 ISLAND GROUP .................................................................................................................................. 68 5.5.1 Island groups .............................................................................................................................. 68

5.6 LAND ELEVATION.............................................................................................................................. 69 5.6.1 Height contours, spot heights (see S-4 – B-351 and B-352.1-2) ........................................ 69

5.7 RIVER ................................................................................................................................................ 71 5.7.1 Rivers (see S-4 – B-353) .......................................................................................................... 71

5.8 RAPIDS............................................................................................................................................... 73 5.8.1 Rapids (see S-4 – B-353.5) ...................................................................................................... 73

5.9 WATERFALL ...................................................................................................................................... 74 5.9.1 Waterfalls (see S-4 – B-353.5) ................................................................................................. 74

5.10 LAKE ................................................................................................................................................. 75 5.10.1 Lakes (see S-4 – B-353.6) ................................................................................................... 75

5.11 LAND REGION .................................................................................................................................... 76 5.11.1 Natural sceneries (see S-4 – B-350) .................................................................................. 77

5.11.1.1 Marsh (see S-4 – B-312.2) .............................................................................................................. 77 5.11.1.2 Salt pans (see S-4 – B-353.7) ....................................................................................................... 77 5.11.1.3 Lava flow (see S-4 – B-355) ........................................................................................................... 77

5.12 VEGETATION ..................................................................................................................................... 78 5.12.1 Vegetation (see S-4 – B-312.4; B-352.4 and B-354) ....................................................... 78

5.13 ICE AREA ........................................................................................................................................... 80 5.13.1 Ice areas (see S-4 – B-353.8 and B-449.1) ....................................................................... 80

5.13.1.1 Glaciers (see S-4 – B-353.8) ............................................................................................................... 80 5.14 SLOPING GROUND ............................................................................................................................. 82

5.14.1 Sloping ground (see S-4 – B-312.1; B-312.3; B-363.2 and B-364.1) ............................ 82 5.14.1.1 Dunes, sand hills (see S-4 – B-312.3) .......................................................................................... 83

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5.15 SLOPE TOPLINE ................................................................................................................................. 84 5.15.1 Slope topline (see S-4 – B-312.1; B-363.2 and B-364.1) ................................................ 84

5.16 TIDEWAY ........................................................................................................................................... 85 5.16.1 Tideways (see S-4 – B-413.3) ............................................................................................. 85

6 GEO FEATURES – CULTURAL FEATURES ..................................................................................... 86

6.1 BUILT-UP AREA ................................................................................................................................. 86 6.1.1 Built-up areas (see S-4 – B-370.3-4 and B-370.6-7) ............................................................ 86

6.2 BUILDING, SINGLE............................................................................................................................. 88 6.2.1 Buildings (see S-4 – B-325; B-328.1; B-362.2; B-370.3; B-370.5; B-372 and B-373.1-4) 90 6.2.2 Harbour offices (see S-4 – B-325) ........................................................................................... 91 6.2.3 Transit sheds and warehouses (see S-4 – B-328.1) ............................................................ 91

6.3 AIRPORT/AIRFIELD ........................................................................................................................... 93 6.3.1 Airfields (see S-4 – B-366) ........................................................................................................ 93

6.4 RUNWAY ............................................................................................................................................ 95 6.4.1 Airfields (see S-4 – B-366) ........................................................................................................ 95

6.5 BRIDGE .............................................................................................................................................. 97 6.5.1 Bridges (see S4 – B-381) .......................................................................................................... 98 6.5.2 Examples of Encoding Common Bridge Types ..................................................................... 99

6.6 SPAN FIXED...................................................................................................................................... 100 6.6.1 Span fixed ................................................................................................................................. 100

6.7 SPAN OPENING ................................................................................................................................. 102 6.7.1 Span opening ............................................................................................................................ 103

6.8 CONVEYOR ...................................................................................................................................... 104 6.8.1 Conveyors (see S-4 – B-382.3) ............................................................................................. 105

6.9 OVERHEAD CABLES ........................................................................................................................ 107 6.9.1 Overhead cables (see S-4 – B-382) ...................................................................................... 108

6.10 PIPELINE, OVERHEAD ..................................................................................................................... 110 6.10.1 Overhead pipelines (see S-4 – B-383) ............................................................................. 111

6.11 PYLON/BRIDGE SUPPORT ................................................................................................................ 113 6.11.1 Pylons and bridge supports (see S-4 – B-381.5 and B-382.1) ..................................... 114

6.12 FENCE/WALL ................................................................................................................................... 116 6.12.1 Fences and walls ................................................................................................................. 117

6.13 RAILWAY ......................................................................................................................................... 118 6.13.1 Railways (see S-4 – B-328.4 and B-362) ........................................................................ 118

6.14 ROAD ............................................................................................................................................... 119 6.14.1 Roads and tracks (see S-4 – B-365) ................................................................................ 119

6.15 TUNNEL ........................................................................................................................................... 121 6.15.1 Tunnels (see S-4 – B-363.1).............................................................................................. 122

7 GEO FEATURES – LANDMARKS ..................................................................................................... 123

7.1 BUILDINGS, LANDMARKS, TANKS, SILOS: COMMON ENCODING COMBINATIONS ........................ 123 7.2 LANDMARK ..................................................................................................................................... 126

7.2.1 Buildings, landmarks, tanks, silos (see S-4 – B-373; B-373.6; B-374.3-5; B-374.7; B-375.1-2; B-456.2; B-487.3) ................................................................................................................... 128

7.3 SILO/TANK ....................................................................................................................................... 130 7.3.1 Tanks, silos (see S-4 – B-340.2 and B-376) ........................................................................ 131

7.4 WIND TURBINE ................................................................................................................................ 133 7.4.1 Wind turbines (see S-4 – B-374.6; B-445.8-9)..................................................................... 134

7.5 FORTIFIED STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................. 136 7.5.1 Fortified structures (see S-4 – B-379) ................................................................................... 137

7.6 PRODUCTION/STORAGE AREA ........................................................................................................ 138 7.6.1 Production and storage areas (see S-4 – B-328.2; 367; 374.6) ....................................... 139

8 GEO FEATURES – PORTS .................................................................................................................. 140

8.1 WORKS IN PROGRESS AND PROJECTED (SEE S-4 – B-329) ............................................................. 140 8.1.1 Works on land (see S-4 – B-329.1) ....................................................................................... 140 8.1.2 Works at sea (see S-4 – B-329.2-5) ...................................................................................... 140

8.2 CHECKPOINT ................................................................................................................................... 141

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8.2.1 Checkpoints .............................................................................................................................. 141 8.3 HULKS ............................................................................................................................................. 142

8.3.1 Hulks (see S-4 – B-330) .......................................................................................................... 143 8.4 PILES ............................................................................................................................................... 144

8.4.1 Piles (see S-4 – B-327.3) ........................................................................................................ 145 8.5 DYKE ............................................................................................................................................... 147

8.5.1 Dykes (see S-4 – B-313.1) ..................................................................................................... 147 8.6 SHORELINE CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................... 149

8.6.1 Coastline .................................................................................................................................... 150 8.6.2 Artificial coastline (see S-4 – B-313; B-320-322; B-324 and B-329) ................................ 151

8.7 CAUSEWAY ...................................................................................................................................... 153 8.7.1 Causeways (see S-4 – B-313.3) ............................................................................................ 153

8.8 CANAL ............................................................................................................................................. 155 8.8.1 Canals (see S-4 – B-361) ....................................................................................................... 155

8.9 DISTANCE MARK ............................................................................................................................. 157 8.9.1 Distance marks (see S-4 – B-307 and B-361.3) .................................................................. 157

8.10 GATE ............................................................................................................................................... 159 8.10.1 Gates (see S-4 – B-326.5-7).............................................................................................. 160

8.11 DAM ................................................................................................................................................. 161 8.11.1 Dams (see S-4 –B-364.2) .................................................................................................. 162 8.11.2 Flood barrages (see S-4 –B-326.7) .................................................................................. 162

8.12 CRANE ............................................................................................................................................. 163 8.12.1 Cranes (see S-4 – B-328.3) ............................................................................................... 164

8.13 BERTH ............................................................................................................................................. 166 8.13.1 Berths (see S-4 – B-321; B-321.6-8) ................................................................................ 166

8.14 MOORING/WARPING FACILITY ....................................................................................................... 168 8.14.1 Mooring / warping facilities (see S-4 – B-327.1-4; B-431.5-6) ...................................... 169

8.14.1.1 Mooring buoys (see S-4 – B-431.5) ............................................................................................. 170 8.14.1.2 Mooring trots (see S-4 – B-431.6)................................................................................................ 170

8.15 DRY DOCK ....................................................................................................................................... 172 8.15.1 Dry docks (see S-4 – B-326.1) .......................................................................................... 173

8.16 FLOATING DOCK ............................................................................................................................. 174 8.16.1 Floating docks (see S-4 – B-326.2) .................................................................................. 175

8.17 PONTOON ........................................................................................................................................ 176 8.17.1 Pontoons (see S-4 – B-324.3) ........................................................................................... 176

8.18 DOCK AREA ..................................................................................................................................... 178 8.18.1 Tidal and non-tidal basins (see S-4 – B-326.3-4) ........................................................... 178

8.19 GRIDIRON ........................................................................................................................................ 180 8.19.1 Gridirons (see S-4- B-326.8).............................................................................................. 180

8.20 LOCKS ............................................................................................................................................. 181 8.20.1 Locks (see S-4 – B-326.6) ................................................................................................. 181

9 GEO FEATURES – TOPOGRAPHIC TERMS .................................................................................. 183

9.1 SEA AREA/NAMED WATER AREA ..................................................................................................... 183 9.1.1 Sea areas (see S-4 – B-550) .................................................................................................. 184

10 GEO FEATURES – TIDES, CURRENTS ............................................................................................ 185

10.1 TIDAL DATA (SEE S-4 – B-406 TO B-408) ....................................................................................... 185 10.2 TIDAL STREAM – FLOOD/EBB .......................................................................................................... 186

10.2.1 Tidal stream (flood/ebb) (see S-4 – B-407 and B-407.4) .............................................. 186 10.3 CURRENT – NON-GRAVITATIONAL ................................................................................................. 188

10.3.1 Current data (see S-4 – B-408) ......................................................................................... 188 10.4 WATER TURBULENCE ..................................................................................................................... 190

10.4.1 Overfalls, races, breakers, eddies (see S-4 – B-423) .................................................... 190 10.5 TIDAL STREAM PANEL DATA ........................................................................................................... 191

10.5.1 Tidal stream panels (see S-4 – B-407 and B-407.2-3) .................................................. 191

11 GEO FEATURES – DEPTHS ................................................................................................................ 194

11.1 GENERALISATION OF DEPTH PORTRAYAL ..................................................................................... 194 11.2 REPRESENTATION OF DEPTH: GENERAL........................................................................................ 194

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11.3 SOUNDING ....................................................................................................................................... 195 11.3.1 Soundings (see S-4 – B-412 and B-413.1) ..................................................................... 195

11.4 DREDGED AREA ............................................................................................................................... 197 11.4.1 Dredged areas (see S-4 – B-414) ..................................................................................... 198

11.5 SWEPT AREA .................................................................................................................................... 199 11.5.1 Swept areas (see S-4 – B-415) ......................................................................................... 199

11.6 DEPTH CONTOUR ............................................................................................................................ 201 11.6.1 Depth contours (see S-4 – B-404.2; B-410; B-411 to B-411.5; B-413 and B-413.1) 201

11.7 DEPTH AREA .................................................................................................................................... 203 11.7.1 Depth areas (see S-4 – B-410) ......................................................................................... 203 11.7.2 Geometry of depth areas ................................................................................................... 203 11.7.3 Use of attributes depth range minimum value and depth range maximum value for depth areas in general ........................................................................................................................... 204 11.7.4 Rivers, canals, lakes, basins, locks ................................................................................... 205 11.7.5 Areas of continual change (see S-4 – B-416) ................................................................. 205

11.8 DEPTH – NO BOTTOM FOUND .......................................................................................................... 207 11.8.1 No bottom found depths (see S-4 – B-412.3) ................................................................. 207

11.9 AREAS WITH INADEQUATE DEPTH INFORMATION ......................................................................... 208 11.9.1 Inadequately surveyed areas (see S-4 – B-417) ............................................................ 208 11.9.2 Bathymetry in areas of minimal depiction of detail on paper charts ............................ 208

11.9.2.1 Areas of omitted bathymetry ......................................................................................................... 208 11.9.2.2 Areas of very simplified bathymetry ............................................................................................. 208

11.9.3 Depth discontinuities between surveys (see S-4 – B-416.1) ........................................ 209 11.9.4 Satellite imagery as source information ........................................................................... 209

11.10 UNSURVEYED AREA ........................................................................................................................ 210 11.10.1 Unsurveyed areas (see S-4 – B-418) ............................................................................... 210

12 GEO FEATURES – NATURE OF THE SEABED .............................................................................. 211

12.1 SEABED AREA .................................................................................................................................. 211 12.1.1 Description of the seabed (see S-4 – B-425 to B-427) .................................................. 212

12.2 WEED/KELP ..................................................................................................................................... 214 12.2.1 Weed - Kelp (see S-4 – B-428.2) ...................................................................................... 214

12.3 SANDWAVES .................................................................................................................................... 215 12.3.1 Sandwaves (see S-4 – B-428.1) ....................................................................................... 215

12.4 SPRINGS IN THE SEABED ................................................................................................................. 216 12.4.1 Springs in the seabed (see S-4 – B-428.3) ..................................................................... 216

13 GEO FEATURES – ROCKS, WRECKS, FOUL GROUND, OBSTRUCTIONS ............................. 217

13.1 DANGER LINE LIMITING AN AREA OF WRECKS OR OBSTRUCTIONS ............................................... 217 13.2 DANGER LINE BORDERING AN AREA THROUGH WHICH NAVIGATION IS NOT SAFE (SEE S-4 – B-420.1) 217 13.3 DOUBTFUL DANGERS (SEE S-4 – B-424) ......................................................................................... 217 13.4 ROCKS (INTERTIDAL/AWASH/SUBMERGED) ................................................................................... 219

13.4.1 Rocks which may cover (see S-4 – B-421.2 to B-421.4) ............................................... 220 13.5 WRECKS .......................................................................................................................................... 222

13.5.1 Wrecks (see S-4 – B-422, B-422.1 to B-422.8) .............................................................. 223 13.5.1.1 Where a wreck is shown with its true shape (large scale ENCs) (see S-4 – B-422.1) ......... 225 13.5.1.2 Changing criteria for wrecks ......................................................................................................... 225

13.5.2 Historic wrecks (see S-4 – B-449.5) ................................................................................. 225 13.6 OBSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 226

13.6.1 Obstructions and foul areas (see S-4 – B-327.5, B-420.1, B-422.8-9, B-431.6, B-445.1 and B-447.5, B-447.7) ................................................................................................................ 228

13.7 FOUL GROUND ................................................................................................................................. 230 13.7.1 Foul ground (see S-4 – B-422.8) ...................................................................................... 231

13.8 DISCOLOURED WATER .................................................................................................................... 232 13.8.1 Discoloured water (see S-4 – B-424.6) ............................................................................ 232

13.9 FISHING FACILITY ........................................................................................................................... 233 13.9.1 Fishing facilities (see S-4 – B-447 and B-447.1-3) ......................................................... 233

13.10 MARINE FARM/CULTURE ................................................................................................................ 235 13.10.1 Marine farms (see S-4 – B- 447.4 and B-447.6) ............................................................. 236

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13.10.2 Fish havens (see S-4 – B- 447.5) ..................................................................................... 237

14 GEO FEATURES – OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS ........................................................................ 238

14.1 OFFSHORE PLATFORM .................................................................................................................... 238 14.1.1 Offshore platforms (see S-4 – B-445.2; B-445.4 and B-445.5) .................................... 239 14.1.2 Wellheads (see S-4 – B-445.1) ......................................................................................... 240 14.1.3 Offshore safety zones (see S-4 – B-445.6) ..................................................................... 240 14.1.4 Offshore flare stacks (see S-4 – B-445.2) ....................................................................... 240

14.2 SUBMARINE CABLES ........................................................................................................................ 242 14.2.1 Submarine cables (see S-4 – B-443; B-443.1-2 and B-443.7-8) ................................. 242

14.3 SUBMARINE CABLE AREA................................................................................................................ 244 14.3.1 Submarine cable areas (see S-4 – B-439.3 and B-443.3) ............................................ 245

14.4 SUBMARINE/LAND PIPELINES ......................................................................................................... 246 14.4.1 Pipelines, submarine or on land (see S-4 – B-377; B-444; B-444.1-2; B-444.4-5 and B-444.7) 247 14.4.2 Diffusers, cribs ..................................................................................................................... 248

14.5 SUBMARINE PIPELINE AREA ........................................................................................................... 249 14.5.1 Submarine pipeline areas (see S-4 – B-439.3 and B-444.3) ........................................ 250

14.6 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION AREA ....................................................................................................... 251 14.6.1 Offshore production areas (see S-4 – B-445.3; B-445.7; B-445.9; B-445.11 and B-445.12) 252 14.6.2 Offshore tanker loading systems (see S-4 – B-445.4) ................................................... 253

15 GEO FEATURES – TRACKS AND ROUTES .................................................................................... 254

15.1 LEADING, CLEARING AND TRANSIT LINES AND RECOMMENDED TRACKS (SEE S-4 – B-433 AND B-434) 254

15.1.1 Range systems - relationship ............................................................................................ 254 15.2 TRAFFIC LANES .............................................................................................................................. 254 15.3 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES AND TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME SYSTEMS (SEE S-4 – B-435.1-3) 255 15.4 NAVIGATION LINE ........................................................................................................................... 257

15.4.1 Navigation lines (see S-4 – B-433) ................................................................................... 257 15.4.2 Measured distances (see S-4 – B-458) ........................................................................... 258

15.5 RECOMMENDED TRACK .................................................................................................................. 260 15.5.1 Recommended tracks (see S-4 – B-432.1; B-434 and B-434.1-4) .............................. 261

15.6 RANGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 263 15.6.1 Range systems (see S4 – B-433) ..................................................................................... 263

15.7 FAIRWAYS ....................................................................................................................................... 265 15.7.1 Fairways (see S-4 – B-432.1(c) and B-434.5) ................................................................ 266

15.8 FAIRWAY SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................... 268 15.8.1 Fairway systems (see S-4 – B-432.1(c) and B-434.5) ................................................... 268

15.9 RECOMMENDED ROUTES ................................................................................................................ 270 15.9.1 Recommended routes (see S-4 – B-435.4) ..................................................................... 271

15.10 TWO-WAY ROUTE PART .................................................................................................................. 272 15.10.1 Two-way Routes (see S-4 – B-435.6) .............................................................................. 273

15.11 TWO-WAY ROUTE ........................................................................................................................... 275 15.11.1 Two-way routes (see S4 – B-435.6) ................................................................................. 275

15.12 RECOMMENDED TRAFFIC LANE PART ............................................................................................ 277 15.12.1 Recommended traffic lane part (see S-4 – B-435.5) ..................................................... 277

15.13 DEEP WATER ROUTE CENTRELINE ................................................................................................. 278 15.13.1 Deep Water routes centrelines (see S-4 – B-435.3) ...................................................... 279

15.14 DEEP WATER ROUTE PART .............................................................................................................. 281 15.14.1 Deep Water route parts (see S-4 – B-435; B-435.3 and B-436.3) ............................... 282

15.15 DEEP WATER ROUTE ...................................................................................................................... 284 15.15.1 Deep Water routes (see S4 – B-435.3) ............................................................................ 284

15.16 INSHORE TRAFFIC ZONE ................................................................................................................. 286 15.16.1 Inshore traffic zones (see S-4 – B-435.1) ........................................................................ 287

15.17 PRECAUTIONARY AREA .................................................................................................................. 288 15.17.1 Precautionary areas (see S-4 – B-435.2) ........................................................................ 289

15.18 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME LANE PART ................................................................................... 290

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15.18.1 Traffic separation scheme lanes (see S-4 – B-435.1) ................................................... 291 15.19 TRAFFIC SEPARATION ZONE ........................................................................................................... 292

15.19.1 Traffic separation zones (see S-4 – B-435.1 and B-436.3) ........................................... 292 15.20 TRAFFIC SEPARATION LINE ............................................................................................................ 293

15.20.1 Traffic separation line (see S-4 – B-435.1 and B-436.3) ............................................... 293 15.21 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME BOUNDARY ................................................................................... 294

15.21.1 Traffic separation scheme boundaries (see S-4 – B-435.1) ......................................... 294 15.22 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME CROSSING ..................................................................................... 295

15.22.1 Traffic separation scheme crossing (see S-4 – B-435.1) .............................................. 295 15.23 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME ROUNDABOUT .............................................................................. 297

15.23.1 Traffic separation scheme roundabout (see S-4 – B-435.1) ......................................... 297 15.24 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME ...................................................................................................... 299

15.24.1 Traffic separation schemes (see S4 – B-435.1-3) .......................................................... 299 15.25 ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANE AREA .................................................................................................... 301

15.25.1 Archipelagic Sea Lane area (see S-4 – B-435.10) ......................................................... 301 15.26 ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANE AXIS ..................................................................................................... 303

15.26.1 Archipelagic Sea Lane Axis (see S-4 – B-435.10) ......................................................... 303 15.27 ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANE .............................................................................................................. 305

15.27.1 Archipelagic Sea Lanes (see S4 – B-435.10) ................................................................. 305 15.28 RADIO CALLING-IN POINT .............................................................................................................. 307

15.28.1 Radio calling-in (reporting) points (see S-4 – B-488.1 and B-488.2) ........................... 307 15.29 FERRY ROUTE ................................................................................................................................. 309

15.29.1 Ferries (see S-4 – B-438) ................................................................................................... 309 15.30 RADAR LINE .................................................................................................................................... 311

15.30.1 Radar reference lines (see S-4 – B-487.2) ...................................................................... 311 15.31 RADAR RANGE ................................................................................................................................. 312

15.31.1 Radar ranges (see S-4 – B-487.1) .................................................................................... 312 15.32 RADAR STATION .............................................................................................................................. 313

15.32.1 Radar station (see S-4 – B-485.1 and B-487.3) ............................................................. 313

16 GEO FEATURES – AREAS, LIMITS .................................................................................................. 315

16.1 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES AND NATIONAL LIMITS (SEE S-4 – B-440) .................................... 315 16.2 MARITIME JURISDICTION AREAS ................................................................................................... 315

16.2.1 Maritime jurisdiction areas in dispute ............................................................................... 316 16.3 ANCHORAGE AREA .......................................................................................................................... 317

16.3.1 Anchorages (see S-4 – B-431.1; B-431.3 and B-431.7) ................................................ 318 16.4 ANCHOR BERTH .............................................................................................................................. 319

16.4.1 Anchor berths (see S-4 – B-431.2) ................................................................................... 320 16.5 SEAPLANE LANDING AREA .............................................................................................................. 321

16.5.1 Seaplane landing areas (see S-4 – B-449.6) .................................................................. 322 16.6 DUMPING GROUND .......................................................................................................................... 323

16.6.1 Dumping grounds (see S-4 – B-442; B-446 and B-446.1) ............................................ 324 16.6.2 Spoil grounds, dredging areas (see S-4 – B-446) .......................................................... 324

16.7 MILITARY PRACTICE AREA ............................................................................................................ 325 16.7.1 Military practice areas (see S-4 – B-441.1-6).................................................................. 326

16.8 ADMINISTRATION AREA .................................................................................................................. 327 16.8.1 International and national territories (see S-4 – B-440.1 and B-440.3) ....................... 327

16.9 CARGO TRANSHIPMENT AREA ........................................................................................................ 328 16.9.1 Cargo transhipment areas (see S-4 – B-449.4) .............................................................. 329

16.10 CAUTION AREA ................................................................................................................................ 330 16.10.1 Caution areas (see S-4 – B-242) ...................................................................................... 330

16.11 INFORMATION AREA ....................................................................................................................... 332 16.11.1 Information areas (see S-4 – B-XXX) ............................................................................... 332

16.12 CONTIGUOUS ZONE ........................................................................................................................ 334 16.12.1 Contiguous Zones (see S-4 – B-440.6) ........................................................................... 334

16.13 CONTINENTAL SHELF AREA ........................................................................................................... 335 16.13.1 Continental Shelf (see S-4 – B-440.8) ............................................................................. 335

16.14 CUSTOM ZONE ................................................................................................................................. 336 16.14.1 Custom Zones (see S-4 – B-440.2) .................................................................................. 336

16.15 EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE ........................................................................................................ 337

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16.15.1 Exclusive Economic Zones (see S-4 – B-440.9) ............................................................ 337 16.16 FISHERY ZONE................................................................................................................................. 338

16.16.1 Fishery zones (see S-4 – B-440.7) ................................................................................... 338 16.17 FISHING GROUND ............................................................................................................................ 339

16.17.1 Fishing grounds ................................................................................................................... 340 16.18 FREE PORT AREA ............................................................................................................................. 341

16.18.1 Free port areas .................................................................................................................... 341 16.19 HARBOUR AREA (ADMINISTRATIVE) .............................................................................................. 342

16.19.1 Administrative harbour areas (see S-4 – B-430.1) ......................................................... 342 16.20 LOG POND........................................................................................................................................ 343

16.20.1 Log ponds (see S-4 – B-449.2) ......................................................................................... 343 16.21 OIL BARRIER ................................................................................................................................... 344

16.21.1 Oil barriers (see S-4 – B-449.2) ........................................................................................ 344 16.22 STRAIGHT TERRITORIAL SEA BASELINE ....................................................................................... 345

16.22.1 Straight Territorial Sea Baselines (see S-4 – B-440.4) .................................................. 345 16.23 TERRITORIAL SEA AREA ................................................................................................................. 346

16.23.1 Territorial Seas (see S-4 – B-440.5) ................................................................................. 346 16.24 SUBMARINE TRANSIT LANE............................................................................................................. 348

16.24.1 Submarine transit lanes (see S-4 – B-441.5) .................................................................. 348 16.25 PILOTAGE DISTRICT........................................................................................................................ 350

16.25.1 Pilotage districts (see S-4 – B-XXX) ................................................................................. 350 16.26 COLLISION REGULATIONS LIMIT .................................................................................................... 351

16.26.1 Collision regulations limit (see S-4 – B-XXX) .................................................................. 351

17 GEO FEATURES – RESTRICTED AREAS – OVERVIEW ............................................................. 352

17.1 MINEFIELDS (SEE S-4 – B-441.8) .................................................................................................... 352 17.2 DEGAUSSING RANGES (SEE S-4 – B-448) ........................................................................................ 352 17.3 NATURE RESERVES (SEE S-4 – B-437.3) ......................................................................................... 353 17.4 SPEED LIMITS (SEE S-4 – B-430.2) .................................................................................................. 353 17.5 ANCHORING RESTRICTED (SEE S-4 – B-431.4) ............................................................................... 353 17.6 AREAS TO BE AVOIDED (SEE S-4 – B-435.7) ................................................................................... 353 17.7 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE SEA AREAS (SEE S-4 – B-437) .................................................... 353 17.8 RESTRICTED AREA NAVIGATIONAL ................................................................................................ 354

17.8.1 Navigational restricted areas (see S-4 – B-422; B-430.2; B-431.4; B-435.7; B-435.11; B-437.1-7; B-439; B-439.2-4; B-441,1; B-445.9; B-445.11-12; B-446.4 and B-448.1) ................ 355

17.9 RESTRICTED AREA REGULATORY .................................................................................................. 356 17.9.1 Restricted areas in general (see S-4 – B-422; B-437.1-7; B-439; B-441.1; B-439.2-4; B-445.9; B-445.11-12; B-446.4 and B-448.1) .................................................................................... 357

18 GEO FEATURES – AIDS TO NAVIGATION – OVERVIEW .......................................................... 359

18.1 GEO FEATURES FORMING PARTS OF NAVIGATIONAL AIDS ............................................................ 359 18.2 RELATIONSHIPS .............................................................................................................................. 359 18.3 BUOYAGE SYSTEMS AND DIRECTION OF BUOYAGE (SEE S-4 – B-461) ........................................... 361

18.3.1 Buoyage systems and direction of buoyage (see S-4 – B-461) ................................... 361 18.3.1.1 Encoding IALA marks within IALA A or B ................................................................................... 361

19 GEO FEATURES – LIGHTS ................................................................................................................ 364

19.1 LIGHTS: GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 364 19.1.1 Rhythms of lights (see S-4 – B-471.2) ............................................................................. 364 19.1.2 Types and functions of lights (see S-4 – B-471.1) ......................................................... 364 19.1.3 Elevations of lights (see S-4 – B-471.6)........................................................................... 364 19.1.4 Times of exhibition and exhibition conditions (see S-4 – B-473) ................................. 365

19.1.4.1 Night lights ....................................................................................................................................... 365 19.1.4.2 Unwatched lights (see S-4 – B-473.1) ........................................................................................ 365 19.1.4.3 Occasional lights (see S-4 – B-473.2) ......................................................................................... 365 19.1.4.4 Daytime lights (see S-4 – B-473.4) .............................................................................................. 365 19.1.4.5 Fog lights (see S-4 – B-473.5) ..................................................................................................... 365 19.1.4.6 Manually-activated lights (see S-4 – B-473.5) ........................................................................... 365

19.1.5 Leading lights (see S-4 – B-475.6) ................................................................................... 366 19.1.6 Lighthouses (see S-4 – B-457.3) ...................................................................................... 366 19.1.7 Various special types of lights ........................................................................................... 366

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19.1.8 Light structures .................................................................................................................... 367 19.2 LIGHT ALL AROUND ........................................................................................................................ 368

19.2.1 All around lights (see S-4 – B-470) ................................................................................... 370 19.3 LIGHT SECTORED ............................................................................................................................ 372

19.3.1 Sectored lights (see S-4 – B-475) ..................................................................................... 374 19.3.1.1 Lights obscured by obstructions (see S-4 – B-475.3) ............................................................... 375 19.3.1.2 Directional lights (see S-4 – B-475.7-8) ...................................................................................... 376 19.3.1.3 Oscillating light sectors .................................................................................................................. 376

19.4 LIGHT FOG DETECTOR .................................................................................................................... 379 19.4.1 Fog detector lights (see S-4 – B-477) .............................................................................. 380

19.5 LIGHT AIR OBSTRUCTION ............................................................................................................... 382 19.5.1 Air obstruction lights (see S-4 – B-476.2) ........................................................................ 384

20 GEO FEATURES – BUOYS, BEACONS ............................................................................................. 385

20.1 LATERAL BUOYS ............................................................................................................................. 385 20.1.1 Lateral buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) ................................................................ 387

20.2 CARDINAL BUOYS ........................................................................................................................... 389 20.2.1 Cardinal buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) .............................................................. 391

20.3 ISOLATED DANGER BUOYS .............................................................................................................. 394 20.3.1 Isolated danger buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) ................................................. 396

20.4 SAFE WATER BUOYS ........................................................................................................................ 398 20.4.1 Safe water buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) .......................................................... 400

20.5 SPECIAL PURPOSE/GENERAL BUOYS............................................................................................... 402 20.5.1 Special purpose/general buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) .................................. 405

20.6 EMERGENCY WRECK MARKING BUOYS .......................................................................................... 408 20.6.1 Emergency wreck marking buoys (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) .............................. 410

20.7 INSTALLATION BUOYS..................................................................................................................... 411 20.7.1 Installation buoys (see S-4 – B-445.4) ............................................................................. 412

20.8 LATERAL BEACONS ......................................................................................................................... 414 20.8.1 Lateral Beacons (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467)............................................................ 416

20.9 CARDINAL BEACONS ....................................................................................................................... 419 20.9.1 Cardinal beacons (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) ........................................................ 421

20.10 ISOLATED DANGER BEACONS ......................................................................................................... 424 20.10.1 Isolated danger beacons (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) ............................................. 426

20.11 SAFE WATER BEACONS ................................................................................................................... 428 20.11.1 Safe water beacons (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) .................................................... 430

20.12 SPECIAL PURPOSE/GENERAL BEACONS .......................................................................................... 432 20.12.1 Special purpose/general beacons (see S-4 – B-461.3 and B-467) ............................. 435 20.12.2 Signs and notice boards ..................................................................................................... 436

20.13 DAYMARKS ...................................................................................................................................... 438 20.13.1 Daymarks (see S-4 – B-455.9) .......................................................................................... 441

20.14 LIGHT FLOATS ................................................................................................................................ 443 20.14.1 Lights floats (see S-4 – B-462.8) ...................................................................................... 445

20.15 LIGHT VESSELS ............................................................................................................................... 446 20.15.1 Lights vessels (see S-4 – B-474.1-3) ............................................................................... 447

20.16 RETROREFLECTORS........................................................................................................................ 448 20.16.1 Retroreflectors (see S-4 – B-460.7) .................................................................................. 448

20.17 RADAR REFLECTORS ....................................................................................................................... 450 20.17.1 Radar reflectors (see S-4 – B-455.8 and B-465) ............................................................ 450

20.18 FOG SIGNALS ................................................................................................................................... 451 20.18.1 Fog signals (see S-4 – B-451-454) ................................................................................... 452

21 GEO FEATURES – RADAR, RADIO .................................................................................................. 454

21.1 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) AIDS TO NAVIGATION (SEE S-4 – B-480-484)........ 454 21.2 PHYSICAL AIS AID TO NAVIGATION ............................................................................................... 455

21.2.1 Physical Automatic Identification System (AIS) aids to navigation (see S-4 – B-480-484) 455

21.3 VIRTUAL AIS AID TO NAVIGATION................................................................................................. 457 21.3.1 Virtual Automatic Identification System (AIS) aids to navigation (see S-4 – B-480-484) 457

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21.4 RADIO STATION ............................................................................................................................... 459 21.4.1 Radio stations (see S-4 – B-480-484) .............................................................................. 459 21.4.2 Radio direction-finding stations (see S-4 – B-483) ......................................................... 460

21.5 RADAR TRANSPONDER BEACON...................................................................................................... 461 21.5.1 Radar beacons (see S-4 – B-486) .................................................................................... 462

22 GEO FEATURES – SERVICES ............................................................................................................ 464

22.1 PILOT BOARDING PLACE ................................................................................................................. 464 22.1.1 Pilot boarding places (see S-4 – B-491.1-2) ................................................................... 464 22.1.2 Pilot stations ashore (see S-4 – B-491.4) ........................................................................ 465

22.2 VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE AREA..................................................................................................... 466 22.2.1 Vessel traffic service area .................................................................................................. 466

22.3 COASTGUARD STATION ................................................................................................................... 467 22.3.1 Coastguard stations (see S-4 – B-492) ............................................................................ 467

22.4 WARNING SIGNAL STATIONS .......................................................................................................... 469 22.4.1 Warning signal stations (see S-4 – B-494; B-496-7) ...................................................... 470

22.5 TRAFFIC SIGNAL STATIONS ............................................................................................................ 471 22.5.1 Traffic signal stations (see S-4 – B-494-5) ...................................................................... 471

22.6 RESCUE STATION ............................................................................................................................ 473 22.6.1 Rescue station (see S-4 – B-490 and B-493) ................................................................. 473

22.7 HARBOUR FACILITY ........................................................................................................................ 475 22.7.1 Harbour facilities (see S-4 – B-320 and B-321.5) ........................................................... 477

22.8 SMALL CRAFT FACILITY ................................................................................................................. 478 22.8.1 Small craft facilities (see S-4 – B-320.1-2) ...................................................................... 479

23 CARTOGRAPHIC FEATURES ........................................................................................................... 480

23.1 TEXT PLACEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 480 23.1.1 Text placement .................................................................................................................... 480

24 INFORMATION TYPES ....................................................................................................................... 481

24.1 CONTACT DETAILS .......................................................................................................................... 481 24.1.1 Contact details ..................................................................................................................... 481

24.2 SERVICE HOURS .............................................................................................................................. 483 24.2.1 Service hours ....................................................................................................................... 483

24.3 NON-STANDARD WORKING DAY .................................................................................................... 485 24.3.1 Non-standard working days ............................................................................................... 485

24.4 NAUTICAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 487 24.4.1 Nautical information ............................................................................................................ 487

24.5 SPATIAL QUALITY .......................................................................................................................... 488 24.5.1 Spatial quality ....................................................................................................................... 488

25 ASSOCIATION NAMES ....................................................................................................................... 489

25.1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 489 25.2 AIDS TO NAVIGATION ASSOCIATION............................................................................................... 489 25.3 ASL AGGREGATION ........................................................................................................................ 489 25.4 BRIDGE AGGREGATION................................................................................................................... 490 25.5 CAUTION AREA ASSOCIATION......................................................................................................... 490 25.6 DEEP WATER ROUTE AGGREGATION ............................................................................................. 490 25.7 FAIRWAY AGGREGATION ................................................................................................................ 490 25.8 FAIRWAY AUXILIARY ...................................................................................................................... 491 25.9 ISLAND AGGREGATION ................................................................................................................... 491 25.10 PILOTAGE DISTRICT ASSOCIATION................................................................................................. 491 25.11 RANGE SYSTEM AGGREGATION ...................................................................................................... 491 25.12 SPATIAL ASSOCIATION .................................................................................................................... 492 25.13 STRUCTURE/EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................ 492 25.14 TEXT ASSOCIATION ......................................................................................................................... 492 25.15 TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME AGGREGATION ............................................................................ 493 25.16 TWO-WAY ROUTE AGGREGATION .................................................................................................. 493 25.17 UPDATED INFORMATION ................................................................................................................. 493

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26 ASSOCIATION ROLES ........................................................................................................................ 494

26.1 AUXILIARY TO ................................................................................................................................. 494 26.2 COMPONENT OF .............................................................................................................................. 494 26.3 CONSISTS OF ................................................................................................................................... 494 26.4 DEFINED FOR ................................................................................................................................... 494 26.5 DEFINES ........................................................................................................................................... 494 26.6 HAS AUXILIARY ............................................................................................................................... 494 26.7 IDENTIFIES ...................................................................................................................................... 494 26.8 INFORMATION PROVIDED FOR ........................................................................................................ 494 26.9 POSITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 494 26.10 PROVIDES INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 494 26.11 SUPPORTED BY ................................................................................................................................ 495 26.12 SUPPORTS ........................................................................................................................................ 495 26.13 UPDATES.......................................................................................................................................... 495

27 GEO FEATURE ATTRIBUTE AND ENUMERATE DESCRIPTIONS .......................................... 496

27.1 BEACON SHAPE (BCNSHP) ............................................................................................................ 496 27.2 BUILDING SHAPE (BUISHP) ........................................................................................................... 496 27.3 BUOY SHAPE (BOYSHP) ................................................................................................................ 497 27.4 BURIED DEPTH (BURDEP)............................................................................................................. 497 27.5 CALL SIGN (CALSGN) ................................................................................................................... 498 27.6 CATEGORY OF AIRPORT/AIRFIELD (CATAIR) .............................................................................. 498 27.7 CATEGORY OF ANCHORAGE (CATACH) ...................................................................................... 499 27.8 CATEGORY OF BRIDGE (CATBRG) ............................................................................................... 500 27.9 CATEGORY OF BUILT-UP AREA (CATBUA) ................................................................................... 501 27.10 CATEGORY OF CABLE (CATCBL) ................................................................................................. 501 27.11 CATEGORY OF CANAL (CATCAN) ................................................................................................ 502 27.12 CATEGORY OF CARDINAL MARK (CATCAM) ............................................................................... 502 27.13 CATEGORY OF CHECKPOINT (CATCHP) ...................................................................................... 503 27.14 CATEGORY OF COASTLINE (CATCOA) ......................................................................................... 503 27.15 CATEGORY OF CONVEYOR (CATCON) ......................................................................................... 503 27.16 CATEGORY OF CRANE (CATCRN) ................................................................................................ 504 27.17 CATEGORY OF DAM (CATDAM) ................................................................................................... 504 27.18 CATEGORY OF DISTANCE MARK (CATDIS) .................................................................................. 505 27.19 CATEGORY OF DOCK (CATDOC) .................................................................................................. 505 27.20 CATEGORY OF DUMPING GROUND (CATDPG) ............................................................................. 505 27.21 CATEGORY OF FENCE (CATFNC) ................................................................................................. 506 27.22 CATEGORY OF FERRY (CATFRY) ................................................................................................. 506 27.23 CATEGORY OF FISHING FACILITY (CATFIF) ................................................................................ 507 27.24 CATEGORY OF FOG SIGNAL (CATFOG) ........................................................................................ 507 27.25 CATEGORY OF FORTIFIED STRUCTURE (CA

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IHO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART PRODUCT … · 2018. 6. 12. · INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION IHO ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART PRODUCT SPECIFICATION IHO Publication S-101