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IGRT QA/QC Working group report
放射線治療かたろう会
1
Supplement - Imaging Dose -
2
IGRT QA/QC Working group report Supplement - Imaging Dose -
2016
IGRT QA/QC WG Supplement - Imaging Dose –
NTT
1 2 kV Imaging Dose 3 2D 4 3D CTDI 5 3D I’mRT 6. D GB
image guided radiation therapy - quality assurance (IGRT-QA)�����������2012 4 IGRT-QA/QC WG report
1 IGRT cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)������������������������ ����� Imaging dose
2)
2) ±
Imaging dose3 ) ) CBCT± ) . IGRT as low as reasonably
achievable ALARA .
kV Imaging IGRTImaging dose × .
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X 100 kVp2D . 3D
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gs
ge
± Al ±
X ) 3 6 mlFig. 1 2 .
w g
10± X μ 20 50 keV
± 4) ± (20 50 keV )CBCT 55 keV .
Fig. 1 ;:- (3 ml) Fig. 2 �`;:- ]6 ml),> �`���!�
g
± ±
Al HVL: half value layer Al ±
99.8% Al Fig. 3 .XAl 50 cm ) , IGRT
.
Fig. 3 X 4
± Al ±
Table 1)
Al (mm) = Ln(1/2) ( (cm2/g) (g/cm3)) × 10
Al 2.699 g/cm3
X ±
Al
Varian OBI (Varian OBI) Elekta XVI (Elekta XVI) 2D
Al Table 2 2D Bowtie filter
O
AAPM TG-61 AAPM protocol for 40 - 300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology 6 Al ±
Table 3
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6 Al 3 6 mm ± 1.021 1.034 ) s
) Al
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40 cm
. SSD 80cm ) .Fig. 4 Al
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9 Al 3 6 mm) 40 cm
40 cm 1.401.55 Fig.4 BSF
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V T B I i 3 6 '
100 cmSSD 85 cm
2 . BSFSSD 80cm
.Table 4 Varian OBI ±
±
diagnostic reference levels 2015 :DRLs201510
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Table 3 Al ±
Fig. 4 8
Anatomy kV
Head-AP 100Head-Lat 70Thorax-AP 75Thorax-Lat 95Abdomen-AP 80Abdomen-Lat 85Pelvis-AP 75Pelvis-Lat 105
mAs
805050
400320400100800
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16.5 11.0 ���
mGy mGy
DRLs 2015
Table 4 Varian OBIDRTKYS��CFH�1</8
0
5
10
15
20
0 100 200 300
μGy/msec
msec
Varian1Varian2
100kV
120kV
100kV80mA
120kV80mA
Varian1
Fig. 7 *�9&�D�0
Varian 2 Elekta 1 3 2D X ACCU-GOLD+ Radcalc AGMS-D+
Fig. 2 ±
. 80,100,120,125 kV Elekta XVI 120 kV 80 mAVarian OBI 40 mA Elekta XVI 10,20,32,80,250 msec Varian OBI 10,20,32,40 msecElekta XVI . Bowtie Filter ) Gy/msec
100 kV 120 kV Fig. 5 Varian OBI Fig. 6 Elekta XVI Varian OBI.
Varian OBI 1 X
) Fig. 780 msec
)
)
φ CBCT)
)
Elekta XVI (Fig. 6)Elekta XVI 5 )
) - R B I B 3 6 '
Varian OBI , X 85 cmTable 5
) 100 cm100 cm 3.2% .
Varian OBI)
0
5
10
15
20
0 100 200 300
μGy/msec
msec
Varian1 Varian2
100kV
120kV
Varian1 Varian2
100kV80mA
120kV80mA
Filter(-)
Fig. 5 2D���D/8]Varian ̂
0
5
10
15
20
0 100 200 300
μGy/msec
msec
Varian1 Varian2
120kV40mA
Elekta
100kV40mA
Filter(-)
Fig. 6 2D���D/8]Elekta ̂
Table 5 Varian OBINPQUC1+AIH/8
OBI Ver 1.680 mA 80 mSec (mGy)
������ ��������
100cm 100 cm 85 cm
80 0.374 0.362 0.501100 0.574 0.564 0.780120 0.807 0.791 1.095125 0.868 0.853 1.180
��
kV�����
2D DRLs201510 OBI ±
DRLs2015 ) Table 4 2D IGRT) ± DRLs2015 .
IGRT
ok
CBCT Imaging Dose CT dose index (CTDI) CTDICT
CTDI IBA I’mRTCTDI 2D 4
gs
ge
± 16 cm ,32 cm ± 10 cmFig. 8,9 c 1 cm 4 p CTDI100
weighted CTDI(CTDIw) Fig. 10 IGRT ±
Volume CTDI (CTDIvol)
g
× Varian OBI 2 cm
Fig. 9 CT Chamber PTW 30009`radius 3.5 mm_length 100 mm Fig. 8 CTDI Acryl phantom =7( 16 cmφ×15 cm
11
) Bowtie filter ± Head Full Fan Bowtie filter Pelvis Half Fan Bowtie filter
CTDI Table 6
O
CBCT Bowtie filter 2D Table 7 Varian OBI80 120 kV Al 5 6 mmAl ± 42 46 keV Elekta XVI
6 8 mmAl 46 55 keV )
N T
!"#$%&& =1)" # * +*
,&
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23!"#$)**,/ 1
Fig. 10 > CTDIwD%�TJ[SUBOLVSX
CTDI100,c
CTDI100,p
Table 6> Varian OBIDCTDI����
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Table 7� CBCT� Al��� Table 7> CBCTDAl���
Fig. 11 CTDIw (16 cm) Fig. 12 CTDIw (32 cm)
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
CTD
Iw (m
Gy)
mA
16cm CTDI Half Trajectory
100kV 125kV
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
CTD
Iw (m
Gy)
mA
32cm CTDI Full Trajectory
100kV 125kV
g
3 6 ' C
Varian OBI CTDIw Fig. 11,12 DRLs2015 CTDIvol Table 8
V T B I
Varian Customer Technical Bulletin12 Varian OBI CTDIw 3Table 9 10% ) Standard Dose Head
Pelvis Fig. 13
CTDI CT )
Varian Clinac iX TrueBeam STx
) CTDI CT DRLs2015 DRLs2015 CTDIvol )
CTDIvol = CTDIw / PitchPitch = 1 CTDIw
CTDIvol DRLs2015)
) CBCT) DRLs2015 CTDIvol 15 mGy 5.5 mGy
CBCT ± )
)
ok V 5- V T aC
gs
Table 9> Varian OBIDCTDIwV\M4�> > �'12)FG
Fig. 13> Varian OBIDCTDIw�39"5
0
5
10
15
20
StandarddoseHead Pelvis
CTDI
(mGy
) A B C
Table> 8 ��@FE��CTDDRL
ge
IBA Dosimetry I’mRT2D )
I’mRT RW3
!! = !!!!"# ∙ !! ∙ !"!"#$%# ,!! ∙! ! ∙ !!" ! !"#$% ,!"# Dw (Gy) Mphant (nC) N0 (C/kg/nC) CFFarmer,N0 W / e W (J/C) (�en /�)water,air ±
g
I’mRT 9 Fig. 14 CBCT
C w
type 30013 PTW 3 ml DC300 Scanditronix Wellhofer Table 10 0.2 )
Fig. 14 I’mRT
7cm
Table 10
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± Table 11 Varian OBI 6 Elekta XVI 2 Fig. 15
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Varian OBI,Elekta XVI Elekta XVI ) Elekta XVI) Varian OBI Standard Dose Head
0.7% 2SD Pelvis 3.4% 2SD ) Varian Couch Brainlab Couch Brainlab Couch 10%
Fig. 16
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StandardDose Head Pelvis
kV 100 125 100 120mA 20 80 20 40
msec 20 13 20 40projections 360 655 183 660
Exposure(mAs) 145 680 73 528Filter Full Half F0 F1
Scan mode Full Half - -
OBI XVI
Table 11 CBCT ±
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Absorbed
Dose(mGy
)
Measurementpoints
●VarianCouch○ BrainLABCouch
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Absorbed
Dose(mGy
)
Measurementpoints
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Fig. 16> #)��D6?CFH �/8D�] Head Pelvis ̂
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Absorbed
Dose(mGy
)
Measurementpoints
HeadOBI
XVI
05101520253035404550
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Absorbed
Dose(mGy
)
Measurementpoints
PelvisOBI XVI
Fig. 15 I’mRT Head Pelvis
0
I’mRT CTDIIGRT
)
) Varian OB Elekta XVI , ) . Imaging dose
) , IGRT φ
. φ Imaging dose ) .
4 O C n m B I g
I’mRT60Co kV ± 13
!"#$ = &',")*+,∙ ./0123 ∙ 4/0125 ∙ 4 )*+,
#$ 1
!"#$ 1 (Gy)
!",$%&'(
1 (C/kg/C) Mphant (C) k phant
! "#$%&' 1 (kQ)
! "#$%&' 1 k phant ± ×
Table 12
Table 13 Varian OBI ±
en/ρ ND,w,kQ ) Standard Dose Head -3.34%Pelvis -1.38% ) DC300 5% k=2
±
)
)
)
G
IGRT Imaging Dose IGRT IGRT ) kV
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Table 12 W[QMYZ$CFHkQ,kphant Table 13 2,. D"5 Standard Dose Head Pelvis100kV 20mA 20msec 120kV 80mA 13msec
µ en�ρ 4.33 mGy 28.41 mGy
ND,W��Q 4.19 mGy 28.03 mGy
difference -3.23 % -1.34 %
) IGRTIGRT ) DRLs
) IGRT ±
IGRT IGRT )
) 5 )
r
1�� IGRT-QA/QC Working group report,2012 2�� QA/QC . ( :IGRT
). 2010; 30: 49-53. 3�� Palm A, Nilsson E and Herrnsdorf Lars Herrnsdorf , Absorbed dose and dose rate using the Varian OBI 1.3
and 1.4 CBCT system. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 11, 229-40,2010 4�� , (25)������ ,2006 5�� http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/ElemTab/z13.html 2017 3 25 6�� C.M. Ma, C. W. Coffey, L. A. DeWerd, C. Liu, R. Nath, S. M. Seltzer, J. P. Seuntjens, “AAPM protocol for
40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology”, Med. Phys. 28, 868-893 ,2001. 7�� Grosswendt, B., Dependence of the photon backscatter factor for water on source-to-phantom distance and
irradiation field size. Phys. Med. Biol. 35, 1233-1245,1990 8�� Klevenhagen, S.C., Experimentally determined backscatter factors for X-rays generated at voltages between
16 and 140 kV. Phys. Med. Biol. 34, 1871-1882.,1989. 9�� , X 57(12),1503-1510,2001 10�� ����� (J-RIME)/ ± ,2015.6.7 11�� Varian medical systems, Dose in CBCT – OBI Advanced Imaging. On-Board Imager® (OBI) kV imaging
system v1.4 and v1.5. Revision 1.3. Jun , 2012. 12�� Varian Customer Technical Bulletin OB-885 Rev A 13�� , (33)
,2015