If we focus all our energies on self-advancement − or on protecting ourselves − then we will ultimately lose ourselves.

• Love your enemies instead of hating them.

• Don’t retaliate or try to get even when people maltreat you. Rather, forgive them . . . and keep forgiving them.• If somebody slaps you on the right cheek, let him slap your left cheek too.

• Material possessions do not create lasting happiness.

• More happiness comes from giving out than from getting something for yourself.

• Whoever wants to be first among you, must be the servant of all.

• The true meaning of power is being a slave.

• Power is an opportunity − not for ego or control or wealth − but for self-sacrifice in the service of others.

• Material possessions do not create lasting happiness.

• More happiness comes from giving out than from getting something for yourself.

Upside-downism: important ingredients for

personal fulfilment and a deeper happiness:

• having a strong underlying sense of

meaning and purpose in our lives

• security and affirmation in core

relationships

• the knowledge that our lives are of benefit

to other people.

Some key issues for Upside-downism

• Material possessions

• What makes people happy and fulfilled?

• The meaning of power

• The service of others

• Different ways of handling friction

• Forgiveness and reconciliation

• War and peace.

Material possessions

What makes people happy and fulfilled?

The meaning of power

The service of others

Different ways of handling friction

Forgiveness and reconciliation

War and peace

The First Step of Moral Courage:

‘If somebody slaps you on the right

cheek, let him slap you on the left cheek

too.’

Attributions

Upside –down people

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