IEEE DySPAN 2010 Demonstrations Cavin Wang, IDA, SingaporeSer Wah Oh, I2R, Singapore

Przemysław Pawełczak, UCLA, USA

IEEE DySPAN 2010 Demos: Stats

• 12 Demos submitted, 10 accepted, 9 presented

• Number of IEEE DySPAN demos stays relatively constant over the years– Dublin (9), Chicago (13)

• Location– EU (5 - !), USA (2), Canada (1), Singapore (1)

Software Defined Radio (SDR) Implementation of Spectrally

Modulated Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) Based Overlay Cognitive Radio (CR)

Ruolin Zhou, WSUClifton Bullmaster, AFRL

Overlay CR – utilizes the white space (unused spectrum)

Underlay CR – UWB

Hybrid Overlay/Underlay CR – utilizes both the white space and the gray space. Do not need UWB for underlay

V. Chakravarthy, Z. Wu, M. Temple, and F. Garber, “Novel Overlay/Underlay Cognitive Radio Waveforms Using SD-SMSE Framework to Enhance Spectrum Efficiency - Part I: Theoretical Framework and Analysis in AWGN Channel," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3794-3804, December 2009

MHzB 500

Cognitive Radio

SMSE Framework

M. L. Roberts, M. A. Temple, R. A. Raines, R. F. Mills, and M. E. Oxley, “Communication Waveform Design Using an Adaptive Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) Framework,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, June 2007

Demonstration

• Flexibly generates SMSE based non-contiguous OFDM, MC-CDMA, CI/MC- CDMA, and TDCS waveforms to take advantage of multiple spectrum holes

•Adaptively avoids interference from and to the primary users, and intelligently provides coexistence

•Future Work – “SD-SMSE Based Hybrid Overlay/Underlay CR”

Cognitive Radio for Home Networking

Vladimir Atanasovski (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies - Skopje, MK); Daniel Denkovski (Faculty of Electrical

Engineering and Information Technologies, MK); Tim Farnham (Toshiba Research Europe Ltd., UK); Liljana Gavrilovska (Faculty of Electrical

Engineering and Information Technologies, MK); Alain Gefflaut (European Microsoft Innovation Center, DE); Vinay Kolar (Carnegie

Mellon University, QA); Petri Mähönen (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Elena Meshkova (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Benjamin Motz (Toshiba

Research Europe Ltd., UK); Jad Nasreddine (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Valentina Pavlovska (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and

Information Technologies, Skopje, MK); Marina Petrova (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Sadia Quadri (Toshiba Research Europe Ltd., UK);

Krisakorn Rerkrai (RWTH Aachen University, DE)

What has this man to do with…

… wireless home networking

ARAGORN…

– A cooperation project between 4 universities and 4 companies:– RWTH Aachen University, CFR, UCL and Univ. Ss. Cyril and Methodius– Microsoft, Toshiba, ST Microelectronics and Huawei

– Develops Cognitive Radio and DSA solutions with learning capabilities for low-cost commercial applications.

– Highlighting in DySPAN 2010:– Cognitive Resource Management Architecture– Cross-Layer Optimization and Interference Management – Policy Management and Application Priorities through hierarchical policy servers

Welcome to our demo!

http://www.ict-aragorn.eu/

Decomposable MAC Framework for Highly Flexible and Adaptable MAC Realizations

Junaid Ansari, Xi Zhang, Andreas Achtzehn, Marina Petrova, Petri Mähönen

Institute for Networked Systems RWTH Aachen University, Germany

Concept• Decomposition of MAC protocols into fundamental functional blocks

based on the commonalities among different MACs.• Realization of a particular MAC solution by binding the blocks together

appropriately through a Wiring Engine.• On-the-fly composition and reconfiguration of MAC protocols with high

degree of code reuse.• A key enabling technology for implementing and prototyping Cognitive

Radios and dynamic wireless devices.

MAC 1 MAC 2

Design and Implementation• Granular MAC blocks are

implemented with flexible APIs on WARP boards.

• A MAC Description Language eases implementation effort for users.

• Interpreter translates user inputs into executable instructions.

• Wiring Engine coordinates data and control flow between blocks and allows run-time configuration by block insertion and removal through a set of dependency tables.

Flowchart

Interpreter

Wiring Engine

Code Execution

Performance Statistics

Performance Plots

WARP Board

Host PC

Visualization

Implementation Modules

Demonstration and Visualizations• Users can interactively

compose and modify MACs at runtime through flowcharts.

• Corresponding auto-generated MAC code is shown.

• Live performance statistics of the MAC is displayed.

• A spectrum-agile MAC developed using the framework is shown to reconfigure based on the user controlled interferences. Primary user

Shared Spectrum

WARP

WARP

PC

PC

Ethernet

Demonstration of Sequence Detection Algorithms for Dynamic Spectrum

Access Networks Zhanwei Sun, Glenn J. Bradford and J. Nicholas

Laneman

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA

Sequence Detection Algorithms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

• Energy Detection does not consider the PU’s channel access pattern.

• Sequence Detection

- Based upon hidden Markov model, integrating memory into spectrum sensing

- Different cost factors for missed detections and false alarms

- Minimizing detection risk

Network Setup

• A PU pair and a SU pair operate at the same frequency band, with video streaming for each user

• Primary transmitter accesses the channel in a Markov chain

• Secondary transmitter accesses the channel opportunistically on detecting spectrum hole

Demonstration

Cognitive, Radio-Aware, Low-Cost (CORAL) Research Platform

John Sydor, Siva Palaninathan, Bernard Doray, David Roberts, Muhmudar Rahman, Li Pan,

Jiangsin Hu, Amir Ghasemi, Wayne Brett, Larry Stone

Communications Research Centre, Canada

What is CORAL*?A Wi-Fi® router with a cognitive radio control shell around it, thus creating the WIFI_CR unit

WIFI_CR: has IEEE 802.11g PHY attributes. However with the CR_NMS control system we implement a cognitive radio as defined by the ITU….which uses environment knowledge, dynamically & autonomously adjusts, learns…

It implements all the functionality of CR: Radio Environment sensing, virtual environment memory, cognitive engines, control channel, undertakes network and terminal re-configurability, and can be used create numerous wireless topologies: Mesh, Pico-cell networks, Femtocells, P-MP/P-P, relays, etc.. CORAL is a CR development platform allowing implementation of Cognitive Networks in the ISM band…where interference, fallow spectrum, primary users, and poor propagation are the norm….If Cognitive Radio can solve wireless problems in the ISM band, it will probably solve them in other, less demanding band…like the TV bands

Will give developers fresh approaches to wireless…especially in the ISM band which uses a technology ( WIFI/IEEE 802.11) that is not spectrum efficient in high interference and is in need of improvement after 15 years of the same old access algorithms…

How about a cognitive ISM band MIMO router in the home that shares spectrum with its neighbors..and acts as a femtocell for cellular? New approaches to old wireless concepts.

A demonstration of CORAL’s CR capabilities..for Dyspan 2010

(1) Creation of a Radio Environment Awareness MAPA virtual representation of the Radio Environment is required for learning and decision making by the Cognitive Engines. We will show how CORAL:

Captures full ISM band WI-Fi interference by providing occupancy information, interference power, identity, IP Link associations; undertakes spectrum analysis; can incorporate specific sensors, Can ‘Sniff’ specific sectors capturing interference that is spatially dependent,

Collects throughput and channel utilization data by the members of the CRN to aid in bandwidth allocation,

Creates a map of the interference and occupancy attributes of the CRN that can be searched by time, space, spectrum, RSSI, identity, IP link, occupancy, etc.

Channel Selection

Temporal Scheduler

Spatial Scheduler

Systemic Interference Monitor

Topographical Map

Primary User Location Map

Spatial-TemporalInterference Map

Link propagationdata base

Radio Sensed Data Base

Primary Data

Process Specific

Data

Radio EnvironmentAwareness Map

Configuration & Control Sensed Data

Cognitive Engine

Cognetive Radio Network management

layer interface.

Policy Agent

Userinterface

Cognitive Radio Network Management

System (CR_NMS)

WIFI_CRTerminal

ClientWIFI_CRTerminal

Client

WIFI_CRTerminal

Client

Wireless IP Links

WIFI_CRTerminalClient/AP

WIFI_CRTerminalClient/ApWIFI_CR

TerminalAP

Intrasystem(self-induced) interference

Primary users.

Externalinterference

Propagation Variability

Wireless Coexistence CommunityThe (RF) Topology of the

CRN Networkformed on the AP-Clientstructure demanded by

DCF of IEEE 802.11

Radio environmentinfluencing factors

TCP/IP Wireline

Backhaul & Connectivity

DSLCable

FOEtc

Direct connection

Propagation Statistics Analyzer and EIRP controller

Cognitive Radio SystemPerformance Metric

IP encapsulatedControl, Configuration,Sensing Remote connection path

A demonstration of CORAL’s CR capabilities..for Dyspan 2010

(2) Dynamic Spectrum Assignment

Using the REAM and Sensor information, the CORAL CRN ( AP with 3 clients) selects the most appropriate ISM channel based on occupancy, interference. power level, duration, and user terminal’s bandwidth (fairness) requirements.Dynamically moves to alternate channel when interference environment changes.

(3) Primary User detection-alternative channel moveOn detection of a Mimicked Primary User that appear on-channel, CORAL moves to an alternative channel…mimicking TV band/radar detection type actions.

(4) Spatial Selection for Interference Mitigation Demonstration of how CORAL system can change its reception pattern, allowingselection of direction and sectors less prone to interference.Demonstration of CORAL’s TDD/TDMA Wi-Fi capability; per packet directional switching that can be used by cognitive engines with spatial interference knowledge.

OFDM Pulse-Shaped Waveforms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Paul Sutton, Barış Özgül, Irene Macaluso, Linda Doyle

CTVR at University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland

OFDM Pulse-Shaped Waveforms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Paul Sutton, Barış Özgül, Irene Macaluso, and Linda DoyleCTVR at University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland

BACKGROUND:• OFDM is the modulation scheme preferred in many wireless communication systems (DSA

networks, DVB, ISDB, variants of Wifi, Wimax, LTE, LTE-advanced ...)• OFDM has flexibility to support adaptive bit/power loading, embedded signatures, non-

contiguous transmissions, and pulse shaping

DEMO:• GOAL: Suppressing out-of-band radiation of an OFDM signal through shaping

– for coexistence of more signals in a limited frequency band• SCENARIO: A high-power OFDM-based secondary transmission at a frequency adjacent to an

OFDM-based primary system– Secondary Tx is positioned next to the primary Rx– Baseband Tx/Rx chains run on our highly reconfigurable Iris 2.0 software radio platform. USRP is the

RF front-end– Primary system transmits audio over air

– Primary RX cannot receive and play audio due to adjacent channel interference, when secondary Tx applies no shaping

PAPERS in DySPAN 2010: 1) “Experiences from the Iris Testbed in Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access Experimentation” – Thu, 14:15-15:45, Room: Ocean 1 , 2) “Dynamic Block-Edge Masks (BEMs) for Dynamic Spectrum Emission Masks (SEMs)” – Thu, 14:15-15:45, Room: Ocean 3

• SETUP: 3 pairs of “1 Laptop+1 USRP” for interfering Tx, primary Tx and primary Rx– Laptops run baseband TX and RX chains implemented on Iris 2.0– Baseband samples transferred to/received from USRP over USB– USRP transmits/receives signal over air

Suppression of adjacent channel interference through shaping

No shaping → Harmful adjacent interference, no audio

OFDM-based Dynamic Spectrum Access

Milan Zivkovic, Dominik Auras, Rudolf Mathar

RWTH Aachen University

28

Demonstration scenario

PU

SU USRP USRP

USRP USRP

f2 MHz

f500 kHz

cf

Interference-free coexistence of two OFDM systems within a common frequency band

SU system detects parts of unused spectrum and adapts its transmission parameters (used subchannels, rate and power allocation) satisfying given requirements (constrained total power, required rate, BER)

The performance of PU transmission is not affected by SUcommunication

Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Informationstechnik

29

System architecture Reconfigurable continuous one-way

transmission of OFDM symbol frames Baseband signal processing is

implemented in GNU Radio Blocks for adaptive (de)mapping and

power loading allows for capacity achieving functionality

The backbone of the system is realized over local Ethernet network by CORBA event service

The central control unit (resource manager) determines optimal transmission parameters for given requirements

Resource manager can be easily configured for different DSA scenarios

Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Informationstechnik

Digital and Analog Solution for Low-power Multi-band Sensing

Sofie Pollin, Eduardo Lopez, Anthony Antoun, Peter Van Wesemael, Lieven Hollevoet, Andre Bourdoux, Antoine Dejonghe, Liesbet Van der

Perre

IMEC

imec/restricted 2010 31

A single reconfigurable analog front-end: Scanning from 100MHz to 6GHz

500 MHz 2.5 GHz

• 40 nm RFIC• On chip ADC• 100 MHz -> 6 GHz

Prototype demonstrating sensing capabilities of IMEC Scaldio2B RFIC

imec confidential 2009

A sensing enabled digital front-end:Further band selection and FFT processing

Digital Channel Selection

DigitalMulti-bandProcessing

An algorithm for multi-band sensing:Iterative Leakage Removal

33

Transmitted Signal:

Filtered Received Signal

After FFT

After leakageremoval

Many small spectrum holes

Holes Identified

TV White Space Video Streaming Demo

Ser Wah Oh, Yonghong Zeng, Weiqiang Zhang, Syed Naveen A. A., Francois Chin

Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A*STAR

Jun 7, 10

Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg

Goals and Architecture• Goals

– Testing spectrum sensing in real-world environment– Showcasing opportunistic utilization of unoccupied

spectrum for communication

• Architecture

TV Band UHF RF RF Receiver -

Broadband Tuner

ADC & DDC

RF Front End Digital Front End

44MHz IF 5.5MHz IF

Covariance Algorithm

Spurious Detection

DIGITAL HARDWARE PLATFORM

TV WHITE-SPACE SPECTRUM SENSING PROTOTYPE

Graphical User Interface

SpectrumManager

PC PLATFORM

Monopole Antenna

Jun 7, 10

Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg

Demo 1

Video Transmitter

Antenna Antenna

VideoReceiver

Video Receiver

TV WHITE SPACE DEVICE

Display 1

Display 2

SECONDARY USER

PRIMARY USER

Channel N1 / N2

Channel N1 / N2

Channel N1

Channel N2

Jun 7, 10

Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg

Demo 2Antenna Antenna

DTV Demodulator

DTVModulator

Tunable RF Attenuator

TV WHITE SPACE DEVICE

Frequency: 512 – 698 MHzBandwidth: 6 MHz