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Identifying Broadleaved Trees in Winter Suzanne Sancisi-Frey Forest Research SSF FR

Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

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Page 1: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Identifying Broadleaved Trees in Winter

Suzanne Sancisi-Frey Forest Research

SSF FR

Page 2: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Identifying winter trees

• Some features that can be used to identify winter trees are:

• Buds

• Twigs and twig features

• Bark

• General growth form of the tree e.g. branching pattern

• Fruits and seeds

Page 3: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Identifying winter trees

• Some features that can be used to identify winter trees are:

• Buds

• Twigs and twig features

• Bark

• General growth form of the tree e.g. branching pattern

• Fruits and seeds

• Use as many of the features as possible don’t rely on just one

• Look at a number of twigs/buds from the tree you are trying to identify – not just one or two

Page 4: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Fruits and Seeds

SSF FR SSF FR

SSF FR

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Page 5: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Buds and Twigs • Bud arrangement:

alternate, opposite or spiralling

• Bud shape

e.g. oval, conical, pointed or blunt

• Bud colour

• Size of buds in relation to the twigs

• Hairs on buds

• Bud scales

• Shape and colour of twigs

• Leaf scars

• Hairs on twigs

Page 6: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Bud arrangement Terminal bud single

Terminal buds clustered

Lateral buds opposite

Lateral buds alternate

Lateral buds spiralling

SSF FR SSF FR SSF FR

SSF FR

Page 7: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Buds and Twigs

Terminal bud

Leaf scar Lateral bud

Leaf stalk

Last years

growth

Lenticels (Small bumps; gas exchange)

Leaf scar

Bud scales

SSF FR

Bud scale scars

Page 8: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Hand lenses • X 10 is usually enough • X 20 and even x 40 • Swanky ones with lights • Phonescopes

Hold lens to eye then

move subject towards it until it is in focus

Page 9: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Plane

Sweet chestnut

oak

Buds alternate/spiral

Birch

Hornbeam

2-3 Bud scales

Term buds clustered

Lateral buds individual

Sessile oak

English oak

>20 budscales

<20 budscales

Noticeable Leaf scar

Rounded conical red buds

Acorns on stalks

Acorns not on stalks

Oval/squat Velvety/ purple black

Common walnut

Buds very hairy

Rowan

Fruits red + like mini apples

Divided pith horseshoe scar,

hairless

Plump Yellow/green Pinkish/brown buds on ‘shelves’

Buds long, slender, pointed + brown + not adpressed, papery

Beech

Buds long, slender, pointed, pale brown/orange, adpressed or slightly curled,

Buds small, shiny brown/orange, pointed, can be on stalks

Silver birch

Downy birch

3 + Bud scales

Lime

Fruit clusters Large wing

Grey/brown. Silvery peeling layer, pale lenticels

Smooth. Long hairs often

present

Fruits/seeds catkins

Spherical fruits of individual

seeds

Leaf scar encircles bud

Reddish smooth

twigs

Twigs hairy, no white

warts

Twigs not hairy, with

white warts

Spherical green fleshy fruits

Fruit attached to 3 lobed wings

Fruit stalked hairy seed case

Twigs rather hairy,

Twigs sparsley hairy,

Spherical fruit Spiny green husk

Twigs smooth/ slightly downy, lenticels

Page 10: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Ash Field maple Horse

chestnut

Sycamore Norway maple

Buds opposite

Buds/scales hairy Buds/scales not hairy or only minimally hairy

Buds sticky

Buds Red/brown, Small, pointed

Buds Red/brown Buds Green with purple edges to scales + golden

eyelashes

Buds black

Elder

2 winged fruits Bunches of keys

@ 90 deg seeds rounded

2 winged fruits Bunches of keys moustache like

seeds flat

Twigs red/brown.

Pale lenticels. Large leaf scar

Fruits spherical,

fleshy, spiky, green

2 winged fruits Bunches of keys

@ 180 deg seeds flat

Twigs hairless when young

Twigs can be corky, slightly hairy/downy

Twigs flattened

where buds are set

Single winged fruits

Bunches of keys

Twigs warty with white pith, strong smell if crushed

Twigs paired grey brown, +

prominent lenticels

Buds ragged

Buds deep purplish/red/

noticeable bud scale scars. Leaf scar wider than

bud

Bunches of small black

elderberries

Page 11: Identifying Broadleaved trees in Winter - … · Leaf scars • Hairs on twigs ... Large leaf scar Fruits spherical, fleshy, spiky, green 2 winged fruits Bunches of keys @ 180 deg

Buds and Twigs

Terminal bud

Leaf scar Lateral bud

Leaf stalk

Last years

growth

Lenticels (Small bumps; gas exchange)

Leaf scar

Bud scales

SSF FR

Bud scale scars