ICPE-5 2012Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

18 Dec. 2012

By

Prof. Dr. Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

ICPE-5 2012

In the new economy, financial capital is no longer at the forefront. The country’s competitiveness relies heavily on a critical resource – the human capital

9MP aspire to increase the number of Malaysian doctorate degree holders to achieve world-class knowledge workers in Malaysia.

Top-class human capital is critical to drive the

nation’s economic growth, trigger sustainable and highly competitive economic development and explore new areas of research that can sustain its competitive advantage over others;

The strategies aggressive of MYBRAIN15 - aim of

60,000 doctorate degree holders within 15 years

ICPE-5 2012

PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES /

AREA OF STUDY

ENROLMENT ADMISSION GRADUATE

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL 6,300 7,641 1,815 2,080 350 328

SCIENCE 3,650 4,219 1,160 1,192 290 234

TECHNICAL 2,293 2,809 669 878 145 139

TOTAL 12,245 14,669 3,644 4,150 785 701

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES /

AREA OF STUDY

ENROLMENT ADMISSION GRADUATE

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL 594 1225 169 512 27 26

SCIENCE 516 691 95 202 15 14

TECHNICAL 221 362 39 78 13 9

TOTAL 1331 2278 303 792 55 49

GRAND TOTAL 13,576 16,947 3,947 4,942 840 750

ICPE-5 2012

Total doctorates Malaysia’s total of 5,992 doctorates compared to

Korea, which has the highest number of S&T doctorates of about 52,595 (ISI web knowledge, 2007)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

S. Korea Finland Singapore

44742

11517 8658

5513 1803

7853

6039 7463

479 709No

of d

octo

rate

s

Total S&T Doctorates Benchmark

Private

Public

Taiwan Malaysia

ICPE-5 2012

2. PatentsEach Malaysian doctorate generates only

0.0164 patent as compared to 0.43 of the Taiwan’s

0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000

0.4000

0.5000

Taiwan Singapore S. Korea Finland Malaysia

0.4267

0.2341

0.1381

0.05920.0164

Prod

ucti

vity

(pat

ents

/no

of

doct

orat

es)

Patents per S&T doctorates

ICPE-5 2012

3. Publications Ex: Each Singapore doctorate generates 1.437

publications compared to Malaysia’s 0.0166.

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

Singapore Taiwan Korea Finland Malaysia

1.437

0.618

0.312 0.2980.166

prod

uctiv

ity (p

ublic

ation

s/no

of

doct

orat

es)

S&T publications per S&T doctorates

ICPE-5 2012

Secondary School Output and Tertiary Education only 32% of secondary school leavers in Malaysia

enter tertiary education.

81% in Korea, 73% in US, 70% in Finland and 48% in Japan,

Malaysia needs to increase the percentage of its school leavers who enter university.

PhDEnrolment :11,133

719

120,222

14,293

3,429

Admission

Output

MasterEnrolment :34,755

9,313

Undergraduate Degree

**Enrolment :388,580

83,119

All Secondary School

***Enrolment : 2,164,862Form 1-3 : 1,375,776Form 4 : 401,098Form 5 : 387,988

BoardingSchool (SBP & MRSM)Enrolment : 58,083Form 1-3 : 30,038Form 4 : 13,024Form 5 : 15,021

ICPE-5 2012

the percentage of doctoral to bachelor’s degree Malaysia ranked 4.1% in getting its undergraduates to pursue

doctoral degree programmes with a percentage of 30.2%.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

J apan Malaysia UK US Singapore

2.8% 4.1%6.2% 6.7%

30.2%

Perc

enta

ge

Percentage of Doctoral to Bachelor’s Degree Holders, Year 2006

ICPE-5 2012

R&D Expenditure The national R&D input indicators lag behind

comparable competitive nations, and are still below their target of 1.5% of GDP (GERD/GDP).

28.62

9.72

4.58 4.551.14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Korea Taiwan Singapore Finland Malaysia

R&D

exp

endi

ture

($U

S m

il)

R&D expenditure (2006)

ICPE-5 2012

1. Admission to doctoral programme (e.g. length of time, selection process and supervisors acceptance criteria);

2. Research support,

3. Supervision quality,

4. Facilities and equipment availability;

5. Completion rate;

6. Financial Aid;

7. lack of career attractiveness or opportunity for career development for people with a doctorate;

8. relevant programmes; and

9. world-renowned professors

Note: These are issues emerged in the findings of a case study conducted in one of the top Malaysian public HEIs

ICPE-5 2012

Concern over potential shortages of doctorates to academia, Malaysia’s action plan to produce 60,000 doctorates within the next 15 years has led to the coining of the programme name MyBrain15.

Malaysian government, through MOHE, PSD, MARA and MOSTI, has supported Malaysians with funds and financial aid for postgraduate studies

The need for many more doctoral degree holders in Malaysia is evident that Malaysia is now moving towards knowledge-driven economy.

ICPE-5 2012

Malaysia’s targets for the short, intermediate and long terms

ICPE-5 2012

Target Setting for Admission, Enrolment and Output of Doctorates(

aggressive intervention will result in 60,000 doctorates in about 8 years at a CAGR of 41%,

medium intervention will result in the same number in about 15 years at a CAGR of 16%. )

ICPE-5 2012

The approach to develop MyBrain15 strategies, initiatives and implementation plan Assess the factors attracting candidates and

producing sufficient doctoral graduates; MOHE, to propose to the Government,

initiatives/plans/changes which are outside of its sphere of control (e.g. MOE, MOSTI, government research institutes and industry players).

Define the need for a doctoral-qualified (or equivalent) workforce;

study successful models adopted by other nations to enhance their research-based innovation system

ICPE-5 2012

Admitting the right students Special Reward Scheme Build alliances with undergraduate

programmes. Industry-faculty linkages Diversified of Doctoral Setup Investing in Scholarship Adequate mentoring from faculty to

student. Creating partnership with all

involving in doctoral studies