ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientif ic … · 2019-03-27 · ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientif ic Creations in Engineering and Technology MINIATURE

@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 325

ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientific Creations in

Engineering and Technology

MINIATURE WINDMILL BASED MICRO GRID SYSTEM

C.Laxmidevi1, C.Ramapriya

2, G.Vishnupriya

3 ,Mr.Sudalaimani

4

1Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering and technology 2Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering and technology

3Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering technology

4Assistance professor/Department of EEE , Kamaraj College of Engineering and technology

Abstract— Due to deficiency of the earth’s fossil energy resources such as oil, gas, coal, etc.

The production rate is getting deflated every year. Considering this scenario into account it is

expected that the usage of the resources may exceed the production rate in the next decades, in turn

the price of energy resources will obviously rise. It is necessary to meet the demand by alternative

energy sources (renewable) like solar, wind, geothermal etc. Among the renewable energy resources,

wind power is gaining momentum not only as a means to reduce the CO2 emissions but also as an

interesting economic alternative in areas with appropriate wind speeds. The nature of the wind is

intermittent due to varying behavior of the environment. Therefore, the power produced by such

wind turbine will also vary and injection of such power can bring new challenges when it is

connected to the grid. In this proposed scheme, the design of miniature wind mill reduces the cost as

well as the space required to install .This miniature windmill is integrated with the grid to meet the

energy demand in household .In this scheme the generated wind power can be extracted under

varying wind speed and can be stored in batteries at low power demand hours, here the

inverter control using MOSFET to achieve the faster dynamic switchover for the support of critical

loads. The permanent magnet DC generator is used to drive the wind turbine to generate output

voltage. By the use of power electronics circuit arrangement the voltage is generated to meet energy

demand.

Keywords— Generator, Inverter, turbine, load.

I. INTRODUCTION

Earth fossil energy resources such as oil, gas, coal are limited in production and are expected

to use beyond their peak in the next decades, so the price of energy may rise .In future it is

necessary to contribute with renewable energy resources, such as wind energy, solar energy ,bio-

mass, fuel cell ,geothermal, hydro, etc .The use of conventional method for producing power i.e by

using Thermal power plant requires raw material like coal or charcoal and burning of these

components will increases the emission of some greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane

,etc. These gases emission will always causes pollution in the environment. So in order to reduce

these conventional method, it is essential to the energy demand by alternate energy resources. The

power arising out of the wind turbine when it connected to grid system concerning the power

quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage swell, flicker

harmonics, and electrical behaviour of switching operation and these are measured according to

national/international guidelines.

1st International Conference on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Special Issue; March - 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]


II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The proposed system has two main parts hardware and software. The hardware part consists of

four main hardware components windmill, inverter and grid or lightning load, battery. The battery is

charged during high wind power availability .The inverter which is used to convert dc to ac produced

by wind generator.

III. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

The project is built on wind turbine the energy capture by the wind mill based on the rotation of

the wind blades. The generator which we use is a permanent magnet DC generator the energy from

the generator is DC. The load which we are using is a lightning load, so we want the output from the

windmill should be AC.In order to convert this DC to AC. An inverter is used for this purpose .This

AC is finally fed to the load.

3.1. DESIGN OF WINDMILL

Wind turbine used for electricity have three or four blades .Here we have designed four

blades .To design and making blades we use a PVC pipe of 72cm in long and the diameter of 16cm

then travelled into two halves along it so that became each half-length 72cm and then measured

10cm from one of two sides and 4cm from the other two side on the same part of the two halves .We

have making the blade by cutting the PVC pipe according the measurements described above using

jigsaw repeat the process four times as the number of blades .Each blade must be sharpening at the

side that cut the air, the process described is shown in figure below:

Others materials may be used to make a blades such as wood .But in our wind turbine we

used blades made from PVC pipe because it is very strong for it’s weight, easy to

carve,inexpensive,and resistant to fatigue cracking .Steel and aluminium blades are much too heavy

and prone to fatigue cracking.

3.2. PERMANENT MAGNET DC GENERATOR

Permanent magnet DC generator generates alternating current. It will not generate ‘mains

voltage’ or ‘utility power’ AC .It generates low voltage, three phase AC, and then changes it into

direct current (DC) for charging a 12 volt battery.





The PMG consists of:

� A steel spine and shaft.

� A stator containing coils of wire.

� Two magnet rotors.

The PMG works at low rotational speed .The power output of the PMG charging a 12 volt

battery .At 420 rpm it generates 180 watts. The PMG is attached to blades.

3.3. INVERTER

The Inverter circuit is designed using CD4047.

COMPONENTS OF INVERTER CIRCUIT:

� Battery-12V,7Ah

� IC-CD4047

� MOSFET IRF540

� Resistor-330 ohm,1k ohm,220 ohm,390 ohm

� Diode-1N4007

� Switch

� Capacitor-

� Transformer

IC-CD4047:

CD4047 is a low power IC capable of operating in astable or monostable mode .Here it is wired

in astable mode .It works by charging a capacitor (C2) through a resistor (R1).Variable resistor

(R1) is provided for adjusting the output frequency to exact 50Hz.The CD4047 has two outputs

.These square wave pulses are pre-amplified by TIP22 transistors .This amplified current is used

to switch 2N3055 transistors to drive the inverter transformer .Two 2N3055 transistors are

connected in parallel to increase the current driving capabilities .The Zener Diode ZD1 and

Capacitor C2 is used to provide constant 9V for the IC.

MOSFET:

The inverter circuit is formed using MOSFET.A power MOSFET is a specific type of

metal oxide semiconductor FFT designed to handle large amount of power .Compared to other





power semiconductor devices (IGBT,BJT), its main advantages are high commutation speed and

good efficiency at low voltages and it has high switching frequency .The MOSFET that we have

used here is IRF540.

TRANSFORMER:

A Step down Transformer is one ,which converts a high voltage at the primary side to a

low voltage at the secondary side. The primary winding of a step down transformer has more

turns than the secondary winding.

Inverter circuit output waveform

3.4. 4 BATTERY

SPECIFICATIONS

Nominal Voltage: 12 V

Nominal capacity@20hr rate (AH):7.0

Discharge current@ 20 hr rate (Ma):350

Dimensions: 15.1*6.5*9.4cm (5.95*2.56*3.7)

Weight: 2.7kg

CAPACITY

The capacity of a battery ,expressed in ampere-hours (AH),is the total amount of electrical

energy available from a fully charged cell .Its value depends on the discharge current,the temperature

during discharge ,the final cut-off voltage, and the general history of the battery.When a battery

discharges current at a constant rate ,its capacity changes according to the amperage load.Capacity

increases when the discharge current is less than the 20-hour rate and decreases when the current is

higher.

.

IV. CONCLUSION





In this paper we have introduced miniature windmill design which is able to meet the current demand

in household loads when it is connected to the grid .This system does not require any additional

requirements because the source which we use here is renewable energy. With this miniature design

we are able generate electricity for satisfying loads which we are used in household.

V. REFERENCE

[1] Yongsu han, Jung –jk ha –wound rotor machine fed by a single phase grid and controlled isolated

inverter,Vol.29,No.9,Sept 2014.

[2] K.S Hook ,Y. Liu , and S. Atcitty , “Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power

quality issues by energy storage , “EPQUJ , Vol.X11,no.2, 2006

[3]R. Billiton and Y. Gao , “Energy conversion system models for adequacy assessment of

generating systems incorporating wind energy,” IEEE Trans.on E .Conv.,Vol.23,no.1,pp.163-

169,2008,Multistate.

[4]S. Heier, Grid Integration of wind energy conversions .Hoboken, NJ: Wiley ,2007,pp .256-259.

Documents

ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientif ic … · 2019-03-27 · ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientif ic Creations in Engineering and Technology MINIATURE