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APPLYING LIFE CYCLE TOOLS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TO DETERMINE THE MOST ADEQUATE TREATMENT PROCESS CONDITIONS. A TOOL IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY. Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations México D.F., MEXICO LCA/LCM 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LCA AND LCM Dr. Omar Romero-Hernandez [email protected]

I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

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LCA/LCM 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LCA AND LCM. APPLYING LIFE CYCLE TOOLS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TO DETERMINE THE MOST ADEQUATE TREATMENT PROCESS CONDITIONS. A TOOL IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY. Dr. Omar Romero-Hernandez [email protected]. I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

APPLYING LIFE CYCLE TOOLS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TO DETERMINE THE MOST

ADEQUATE TREATMENT PROCESS CONDITIONS.

A TOOL IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.

Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de MéxicoDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Operations

México D.F., MEXICO

LCA/LCM 2004INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LCA AND LCM

Dr. Omar Romero-Hernandez [email protected]

Page 2: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

CONTENTS

1.- BACKGROUND

2.- PROBLEM

3.- FRAMEWORK

4.- CASE STUDYWastewater Technology (Activated Carbon)

5.- CONCLUSIONS

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 3: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

BACKGROUNDProcess Design and Discharge Regulations

ProcessSystem

AbatementTechnology

Product

Waste Stream

Raw Materials

Discharge !

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 4: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

PROBLEM STATEMENTEconomic and Environmental Impact of

Wastewater Technologies

HOW TO DECIDE BETWEEN DIFFERENT OPERATING

CONDITIONS ON A GIVEN TECHNOLOGY, IN ORDER

TO:

MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?

AVOID EXCESIVE TREATMENT COSTS?

HOW TO INCORPORATE THIS INSIGHT AS A TOOL

FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ?

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 5: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

FRAMEWORKAnalysis of Abatement Technologies

WASTE STREAM

INPUTSTechnology

NOxSOxCO2

CO• • •

Xout

GWP

POC

CAV

Hazard

• • •

TECHNOLOGY FUNCTION ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION

•Electricity•Steam•Steel

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 6: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

FRAMEWORKTechnology Function:

WASTE STREAM

INPUTSTechnology

NOxSOxCO 2CO

• • •

X out

GWP

POC

CAV

Hazard

• • •

TECHNOLOGY FUNCTION ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION

•Electricity•Steam•Steel

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Technology Function:

Mass and Energy BalancesEquipment SizeOperating conditionsInputs RequirementsCost Estimation

Page 7: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

Environmental Impact (EI):

= EHC

ENO

.

.

.

EIHC , EINO . . .

Metrics:• Photochemical Ozone • Global Warming • Ozone Depletion, etc.

EI

FRAMEWORKEnvironmental Function

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 8: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

FRAMEWORKTraditional Analysis of Abatement Technologies

Steel

Electricity

Steam

Abatement Technology To

tal

Em

issi

on

s

Nat

ura

l So

urc

es

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 9: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

FRAMEWORKLife Cycle Analysis for Abatement Technologies

Steel

Electricity

Steam

Abatement Technology To

tal

Em

issi

on

s

Nat

ura

l So

urc

es

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 10: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

CASE STUDY

2 WASTEWATER STREAMS:

- 10 m3/hr and 1,000 ppm of 1-2 Dichloroethane (DCE) - 10 m3/hr and 1,000 ppm of Bencene

1 TECHNOLOGY:

- Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption (GAC)

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 11: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

CASE STUDYMathematical Model

Min Cost (x,z)s.t. h(x,z)=0 g(x,z)<0

Optimum, x

Removal Efficiencies,

Impact

CO2 (x,)NO2 (x,)CO (x,)HC (x,)VOC (x,)

Parameters, z

Inlet Streams

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 12: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC)

Fresh GAC

Clean Water

Spent GAC

Wastewaterwith VOC

Water

Water

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 13: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 20 40 60

Time (h)

Co

ut/

Cin

80 120 160 200 240

Column 1 Column 1Column 2

0.0

0.5

1.0

Co

ut/

Cin

0 40 80 160 240

GAC Process

a a’

Time (h)

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 20 40 60

Time (h)

Co

ut/

Cin

80 100 120 140

Column 1 Column 2 Column 1

60

0.0

0.5

1.0

Co

ut/

Cin

0 40 80 100 140

Time (h)

GAC Process

b b’LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

PROCESS ENGINEERING: MODELLING AND SIMULATING GAC PERFORMANCE

Benzene

DCE

Page 14: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

 Total Cost (£/yr) 459,120 511,470Capital Cost (£/yr) 103,550 100,730Operating Cost (£/yr) 355,560 410,740

     Cost of Adsorbers (£/yr) 30,640 27,235 Height (m) 2.617 2.267

Diameter (m) 1.614 1.614

Cost of Storage Tanks (£/yr) 57,198 58,947Cost of Feed Pump and Eductors (£/yr) 6,825 6,646

Cost of GAC (£/yr) 352,580 407,500 GAC (kg/yr) 248,296 286,971

Load Ratio kgVOC/kgGAC 0.328 0.284

Cost of Electricity (£/yr) 2,721 2,852 Electricity (kw.hr/yr) 54,420 57,040

Cost of Water (£/yr) 260 384

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Benzene DCE

PROCESS ENGINEERING: COST MODEL OF THE GAC PROCESS

Page 15: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

H2OCoalWoodCoke

GAC GAC + VOC GAC

A. Raw Materials B. Production C. Use D. Regeneration

CO2, CO, NO2, SO2, H2O, H2S

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

LCA AND PROCESS ENGINEERING: GENERATING INVENTORY OF EMISSIONS FROM THE

GAC PROCESS MODEL

Page 16: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

0.5g H2O0.3g Coal0.1g Wood0.1g Coke

H1

25°C

0.5g H2O0.3g Coal0.1g Wood0.1g Coke

H2

100°C

0.3g Coal0.1g Wood0.1g Coke

H3

100°C

0.3g Coal0.1g Wood0.1g Coke

H4

600°C

0.2g Coal0.05g Wood0.05g Coke

600°C

H2Ovap

CO2+H2O

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

LCA AND PROCESS ENGINEERING: PRODUCTION OF GAC AT 30% CONVERSION OF RAW MATERIALS

- MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES -

Page 17: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08

GAC (Raw Mat.)

GAC (Production)

GAC (Use)

GAC (Regeneration)

mg Pollutant / kg GAC

H2S

CO2

CO

N2O

NO2

HC

SO2

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

INVENTORY OF EMISSIONS

Page 18: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

1.E+00

1.E+02

1.E+04

1.E+06

1.E+08

1.E+10

1.E+12

1.E+14

0 25 50 75 100

% GAC re-used

PO

C (

mg

Eth

ylen

e-eq

./yr

)

Benzene

DCE

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Environmental Impact POC as a function of % of re-used carbon (GAC)

Page 19: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

1.E+00

1.E+02

1.E+04

1.E+06

1.E+08

1.E+10

1.E+12

0 25 50 75 100

% GAC re-used

GW

P (

mg

CO

2-eq

./yr

)

Benzene

DCE

c

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Environmental Impact GWP as a function of % of re-used carbon (GAC)

Page 20: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

1.E+00

1.E+08

1.E+10

1.E+12

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

Total Cost (£/yr)

PO

C (

mg

Eth

ylen

e-eq

./yr

).

Untreated DCE Discharge

1.E+11

1.E+13

1.E+09 GAC: 100%

Untreated Benzene Discharge

GAC: 100%

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT POC as a function of process cost

Page 21: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

1.E+00

1.E+09

1.E+10

1.E+11

1.E+12

1.E+13

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

Total Cost (£/yr)

GW

P (

mg

CO

2-eq

./yr

) GAC: 100%

Untreated Benzene Discharge

Untreated DCE Discharge GAC: 100%

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT GWP as a function of process cost

Page 22: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

DISCUSSION FRAMEWORK

It is very case specific Assumes a linear relationship between

emissions and environmental impact PROCESS ENGINEERING?

A powerful tool to design cost effective and environmental concious processes

Comproimise between industry and legislators HOW TO DECIDE ON BEST OPERATING

CONDITIONS? Capital and Operating Costs Environmental Impact Simulation and case scenario analyses

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 23: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Financial support from CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA y TECNOLOGÍA (CONACyT - MEXICO) through completion of this work is highly appreciated. Comments and feedback from

Prof. Andrew G. Livingston and Prof. Efstratios Pistikopoulos

from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK through this research are highly appreciated.

LCA/LCM 2004

Seattle, USA

Dr. Omar Romero

[email protected]

Page 24: I nstituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations

APPLYING LIFE CYCLE TOOLS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TO DETERMINE THE MOST

ADEQUATE TREATMENT PROCESS CONDITIONS.

A TOOL IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.

Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de MéxicoDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Operations

México D.F., MEXICO

LCA/LCM 2004INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LCA AND LCM

Dr. Omar Romero-Hernandez [email protected]