Hyphen and Apostrophe

7/27/2019 Hyphen and Apostrophe

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Key Concept Use a hyphen after a prefix that isfollowed by a proper noun or a proper adjective

Example:pre- RenaissanceMid FebruaryUn American

Prefix that may be used before proper nounsor proper adjectives are ante-, anti-, mid-,post-, pre-, pro-, and un-


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Key Concept Use a hyphen in words with the prefixes

all-,ex-, self-, and word with the suffix elect.

Examples: all powerfulEx jockey

Self madeMayor elect


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Key concept use a hyphen to connect two or more wordsthat are used as one word unless the dictionary

give a contrary spelling.Although some compound words are writtenas one word and others are written as two words,many compound words are joined with hyphens.

Example:

Sister-in-lawTractor-trailer Six-year-old


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Key Concept Use a hyphen to connect a compoundmodifier that comes before a noun unlessit includes a word ending in ly or is acompound proper adjective or compound proper noun acting as anadjective


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Example with hyphen: -a well-made pair of jeans-The bright-eyedchildren-An up-to-datedecision

Example without hyphen: -Widely distributedinformation-East Europeanlanguage-Red River valley


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Key concept Do not divide a word so that a singleletter or the letter ed stand alone.

Incorrect: a- bout scream-ed toant-y Correct: about screamed toanty


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Key concept avoid dividing proper nouns and proper adjectives

Incorrect: Fe-licia Amer-ican Correct: Felicia American


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Key concept dividing a hyphenated word only after the hyphen.

Incorrect: we are going with my sister andmy bro-ther-in-law

Correct: we are going with my sister andmy brother-in-law


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Using Apostrophes

Apostrophes are used to form possessives,

contraction, and a few specials pluralsForming Possessives: the following rules tell you howto show possession with various types of nouns.


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Key Concept add an apostrophe and as s to show thepossessive case of the most singular nouns.

Examples:The wallet of the womanThe womans wallet

The collar of two dogThe dogs collar

The lines of the actressThe actresss line


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The possessive case of pluralnouns follows two rules:


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Key concept add an apostrophe to show thepossessive case of plural noun ending in sor es.

Examples:The barking of the dogsThe dogs barking The color of the leavesThe leaves color


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Key concept add an apostrophe and an s to show thepossessive case of plural nouns that donot end in s or es.

Example:The books of the womanThe womans book The grazing lands of oxenThe oxen grazing land.


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Key concept add an apostrophe and an s ( or just anapostrophe if the word is a plural endingin s) to the last word of a compound nounto form possessive.


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Name of businessesAnd organization:

-The Salvation Armysheadquarters-The Department ofthe Interior Budget-The JohnsonAssociates Clients


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Tittles of RulersAnd leaders:

HyphenatedCompound Nounused to

Describe people:

-Catherine the Greatsvictories

-Louis XVI s palace

-my sister-in-law car -the secretary- treasurersidea-the nurse- practitionerspatient


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Key concept to form possessive involving time, amount,or the sake, user n apostrophe and an sor just an apostrophe if the possessive inplural


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Time:

Amount:

Sake

-a months vacation -three days vacation -a half- hours time

-one quarters worth -two cents worth

-for Marjories sake -for goodness sake


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Apostrophes IndicatingMissing Letters


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Verb and Not Cannot cantCould couldnt

Are not arent Will not wont

Pronoun and Will He will hell You will youll She will shell

I will Ill We will well They will theyll

Pronoun

and would

She would shed He would hed You would youd

I would Id We would wed They would theyd

Pronoun or Noun andthe Verb be:

You are youre She is shes They are theyre

I am Im Jane is Janes

Documents

Hyphen and Apostrophe