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7/27/2019 Hyphen and Apostrophe
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Key Concept Use a hyphen after a prefix that isfollowed by a proper noun or a proper adjective
Example:pre- RenaissanceMid FebruaryUn American
Prefix that may be used before proper nounsor proper adjectives are ante-, anti-, mid-,post-, pre-, pro-, and un-
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Key Concept Use a hyphen in words with the prefixes
all-,ex-, self-, and word with the suffix elect.
Examples: all powerfulEx jockey
Self madeMayor elect
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Key concept use a hyphen to connect two or more wordsthat are used as one word unless the dictionary
give a contrary spelling.Although some compound words are writtenas one word and others are written as two words,many compound words are joined with hyphens.
Example:
Sister-in-lawTractor-trailer Six-year-old
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Key Concept Use a hyphen to connect a compoundmodifier that comes before a noun unlessit includes a word ending in ly or is acompound proper adjective or compound proper noun acting as anadjective
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Example with hyphen: -a well-made pair of jeans-The bright-eyedchildren-An up-to-datedecision
Example without hyphen: -Widely distributedinformation-East Europeanlanguage-Red River valley
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Key concept Do not divide a word so that a singleletter or the letter ed stand alone.
Incorrect: a- bout scream-ed toant-y Correct: about screamed toanty
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Key concept avoid dividing proper nouns and proper adjectives
Incorrect: Fe-licia Amer-ican Correct: Felicia American
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Key concept dividing a hyphenated word only after the hyphen.
Incorrect: we are going with my sister andmy bro-ther-in-law
Correct: we are going with my sister andmy brother-in-law
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Using Apostrophes
Apostrophes are used to form possessives,
contraction, and a few specials pluralsForming Possessives: the following rules tell you howto show possession with various types of nouns.
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Key Concept add an apostrophe and as s to show thepossessive case of the most singular nouns.
Examples:The wallet of the womanThe womans wallet
The collar of two dogThe dogs collar
The lines of the actressThe actresss line
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The possessive case of pluralnouns follows two rules:
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Key concept add an apostrophe to show thepossessive case of plural noun ending in sor es.
Examples:The barking of the dogsThe dogs barking The color of the leavesThe leaves color
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Key concept add an apostrophe and an s to show thepossessive case of plural nouns that donot end in s or es.
Example:The books of the womanThe womans book The grazing lands of oxenThe oxen grazing land.
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Key concept add an apostrophe and an s ( or just anapostrophe if the word is a plural endingin s) to the last word of a compound nounto form possessive.
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Name of businessesAnd organization:
-The Salvation Armysheadquarters-The Department ofthe Interior Budget-The JohnsonAssociates Clients
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Tittles of RulersAnd leaders:
HyphenatedCompound Nounused to
Describe people:
-Catherine the Greatsvictories
-Louis XVI s palace
-my sister-in-law car -the secretary- treasurersidea-the nurse- practitionerspatient
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Key concept to form possessive involving time, amount,or the sake, user n apostrophe and an sor just an apostrophe if the possessive inplural
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Time:
Amount:
Sake
-a months vacation -three days vacation -a half- hours time
-one quarters worth -two cents worth
-for Marjories sake -for goodness sake
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Apostrophes IndicatingMissing Letters
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Verb and Not Cannot cantCould couldnt
Are not arent Will not wont
Pronoun and Will He will hell You will youll She will shell
I will Ill We will well They will theyll
Pronoun
and would
She would shed He would hed You would youd
I would Id We would wed They would theyd
Pronoun or Noun andthe Verb be:
You are youre She is shes They are theyre
I am Im Jane is Janes