New Frontiers in Sustainable Hydropower Development

Hydropower Sustainability Forum Oslo, Norway 4-6 September 2017

Water and Hydropower Development - the Role of Transboundary Cooperation

Fekahmed Negash Nuru ENTRO, September 2017 Oslo, Norway

Content

Background Water and Hydropower Development Sustainable Hydropower Development Criteria for Sustainability of Hydropower The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Conclusion

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Transboundary waters are water resources that are shared by two or more Sovereign States comprising Rivers, Lakes and Aquifers by virtue of them crossing, flowing across and contacting the territory of the concerned states. cooperation refers to the joint and organized management and use of freshwater resources at local, national, regional and international levels among various players and sectors. Optimal utilization and effective protection of transboundary waters are only possible if the riparian states cooperate in line with the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Facilitates sound Legal Framework for Governance

Basin cooperation:

Leads to genuine

negotiation among the basin

countries that could

culminate in the

establishment of

appropriate legal regime

Clear rights and obligation

of member states

Provides investment

security

commits States to certain

behavior they would not be

legally bound to in absence

of the agreement.

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Enables the establishment of the right institutional structures at the national, transboundary and regional levels

SHS&G

CoM

TAC

Secretariat

NCC

Transboundary Cooperation:

can lead to the establishment of

Institutions that can manage the

basin

Facilitate basin wide

understanding, planning, devt

Minimize conflict

Ensures compliance

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation An Integrated basin-wide approach can be achieved for optimal utilization of the resource base

Gilo

Alwero

Akobo

pibor

DRC

RWANDA

Sudan

EGYPT

KENYA

TANZANIA

BURUNDI

Ethiopia

South Sudan

Baro Akobo Sobat Sub-Basin

Lake Edward Lake Albert

1.56

Lake Albert Sub-Basin

Lake

Tana

Sudd Swamp

32.7

36.9

17.93.61

8.8

103111

58.132.0

0.110.02

5.533.28

Machar

2.83

4.71

7.54

3.85

11.93.0

3.2

3.4

1.9

0.4

9.224.20

10001000

10001000

Blue Nile Sub-Basin

KageraNyabarongo

Ruvubu

12.5

<.000.00

0.66

4.0

1.56 7.6

2.1

2.15

2.79

Rubare

Semliki

38.4Mongalla Station

1.5

Victori Nile Sub-Basin

Lake Kyoga

7.85.7

Soroti & Malaba

1.90

0.66

44.1

Yei & Goi

Bahir El Jabel

4.2

1.5

Lake Victoria

Mara & LV East

cathments

Rubana &

MbalagetiIsanga, Simiyu &

Mamwe

0.7

0.03

0.03

Nzoia , Yala & Sio4.5

0.2

Nyando,Sondu_Miriu & Awach1.3

0.03

Migori-Kuja

28.6

Lake Victoria Sub-Basin

2.8

0.8

30.5Sobat Baro

12.4White Nile at Malakal

0.7

Bahir El Gezal

0.54

25.5

0.9

1.66

2.000.18

0.6

Gebel Aulia47.2

Blue Nile at

Khartoum

Sennar Dam

42.8

Dindir

3.12

Rehad

1.52

45.9

0.2

3.1

Pumps US Sennar

NW Sennar Rahad I II

Suki

6.11

52.2

Roseires Dam

0.90.2

52.7

Blue Nile At Diem StationBeles

6.39

Dabus

6.6

Didessa

11.8

39.3

0.4

1.350.030.03

0.500.52

FInchaa Dam

Amerti Dam

0.3

1.7

21.1

2.95

24.4Blue Nile at Kessie

13.4

2.28

0.92

5.39

Lake Tana Tributaries

Merowie Dam1.610.03

Blue Nile

Aswan Dam 1.610.03

75.2Nile at Dongola

68.1

61.47.2

Isna Barrage

Nagaa Hammadi

Barrage

Assute Barrage

3.47

3.84

7.35

Aswan-Isna Irrigation

Esna-NagaaHammadi Irrigation

NagaaHammadi-Assute Irrigation

Assute-Cairo Irrigation

39.41

7.35Assute-Cairo

Irrigation

7.35Assute-Cairo Irrigation

3.94Fayyum Irrigation

6.0

5.533.28

Tekeze

Dam

4.69

Tekeze

6.39

1.70.180.00

Kashim elGirba

8.81

79.1

7.7 Atbara

71.47.4

Tekeze-Atbara Basin

00.0

1000

1000

0.0

Flow indicator BCM

Selcted Location

Evaporation/Precipitaion

Hydropower

Demand Node

Lake/Wetlands

Reservoir

Legend

GebaTams

Birbir

Cooperation:

Enables the balancing of water

supply and demand

Opportunity to optimize

utilization of available resource

Possibility of understanding

upstream-downstream linkage

Capture comparative advantage

understanding of tradeoffs and

synergies

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Exchange of data and information that is needed for design, implementation and operation

Data and information sharing is

the minimum level of cooperation

basin states has to conduct

Lack of data and information

can lead to sub-optimal decisions

Absence of accurate data and

information could lead to over or

under sizing of infrastructure,

loss of opportunity and some

times to disaster

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Participation of stakeholders including downstream

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation An Integrated basin-wide approach can be achieved for optimal utilization of the resource base

Proper sitting of infrastructure

Sequencing and synchronization

Harmonization of standards

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Jointly withstanding the impact of climate change

No single developing country can

withstand the impact of climate change

alone

Exchange of data and information on

draught

Flood Forecasting, Early warning and

preparedness

System wide storage capacity

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Sedimentation and siltation

Degradation on the highland and

Siltation of Infrastructure

downstream

Watershed Management

De-silting dams and related

infrastructure has costs

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Coordinated Operation of infrastructure and Safety

Coordinated Operation of

Reservoirs can generate huge

benefits

Safety of infrastructure can

be ensured

The Role of Transboundary Cooperation Benefit sharing can be enhanced

Sharing water vs benefits Joint investment or Financing of hydropower

Joint ownership, joint financing and Joint operation Power trade and interconnection Compliance with accepted good practices can be practiced Minimization of misconception, conflict

Take Away Message Hydropower is crucial for rapid socio economic development Development of hydropower in one part of the basin will have implication on the other Technical feasibility, environmental viability, social acceptability and economic considerations are corner stones of sustainable HP development An Integrated basin wide approach can be pursued for optimal utilization of the resource base Transboundary cooperation has key role in ensuring that hydropower development is sustainable. With Genuine cooperation it is possible to develop the right hydropower, and develop them right in the right time