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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the description of data analysis namely; the
finding and discussion of the research. These are to answer the research
questions, "to what extend can improvisation technique improve the students'
speaking skill?" and "what factors influence the improvement of students'
speaking skill by using improvisation technique." Both of these questions are
answered based on the data collected from the observation sheet, filed note,
speaking test as well as interview.
A. The Description of Data Analysis
This classroom action research was conducted to the students of
semester two at class B of English Education Department of UIN Suska Riau.
The number of the students was 32. The class chosen was due to the
speaking difficulties happening to the students. This research was done in three
cycles by teaching improvisation technique to improve the students' speaking
skill; each cycle had four meetings; each meeting with the allocation of time was
in 2 x 45 minutes. Each cycle of this research consisted of four phases; planning,
action, observation and reflection_
Before carrying out the research, the researcher a long with the
collaborator gave speaking test to the students to know the base score at
the starting point. The speaking test was assessed based on oral language
scoring rubric in terms of accent, grammar. vocabulary, fluency, and
comprehension.
Here is the result of students' test in each indicator displayed as in
the following table:
Table 5. The Analysis of the Base Score of the Students' Speaking Skill
No Indicator The Number of Students (32)
Rating quality/PercentageVery good % Good % Fair % Poor %
1 Accent 0 0 6 16.75 25 18 56.252 Grammar 0 0 3 9.38 11 34.38 18 56.253 Vocabulary 0 0 0 0 9 28.13 23 71.884 Fluency 0 0 5 15.63 12 37.5 15 46.885 Comprehensio
n
0 0 5 15.63 25 19 59.38 '
According to the table 5, it shows that the students' speaking ability
before conducting classroom action research was not good. First in term of
accent, there were no students categorized in the level of very good, 6
students or 16.75% of the students categorized in the level of good, 8
students or 25% of the students categorized in the level of fair and 18
students or 56.25% of the students categorized in the level of poor. It means
that the students had difficulty in speaking English in the term of accent, still
due to their mother tongue influence. Some of them spoke unclearly and
made a lot of repetition. This led to misinterpretation. The level of the
students' speaking skill in the term of accent can be illustrated in the following
figure:
Figure 3: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill Based on the Base Score in Term of Accent
Second, in term of grammar, there was no student obtaining the level of very good,
3 students or 9.38% of the students who was in the level of good, 11 students or
34.38% of students who were in the level of fair, and 18 students or 66.25%
who were in the level of poor. It means that the students made many
grammatical mistakes when speaking English such as incomplete sentence,
incorrect tenses, and incorrect preposition. It can be illustrated in the figure as
follow as:
Figure 4: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill Based on the Base Score in Term of Grammar
Very Good Good Fair Poor
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Very Good Good Fair Poor
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Third, in term of vocabulary, there were no students obtaining the level of
good and good, 9 students or 28.13% of the students who was in the level of fair
and 23 students or 71.88% of the students who were in the level of poor. It
me;~ns that the students' vocabulary when speaking English was poor, such as
lack of vocabulary and inappropriate choice of words. The figure can be
seen as follow:
Figure 5: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill Based on the Base Score in Term of Vocabulary
Fourth, in term of fluency, there were no students who were in the level of
very good, 5 students or 15.63% of students who were in the level of good,
12 students or 37.5% of the students who were in the level of fair, and 15
students or 46.88% of the students who were in the level of poor. It means that
the students' fluency when speaking English was poor. Their speeches were
short and they spent much time to think of what to say. The figure can be seen
as follow: students or 59.38% of the students who were in the level of poor. It
means that the students' comprehension about the topic being talked was poor.
The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 6: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill Based on the Base Score in Term of Fluency
Finally, in term of comprehension, there are no students who were in the level
of very good, 5 students or 15.63 % of the students who were in the level of good, 8
students or 25% of the students who were in the level of fair, and 19 students or
59.38% of the students who were in the level of poor. It means that the
students' comprehension about the topic being talked was poor. The figure can
be seen as follow:
Figure 7: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill Based on the Base Score in Term of Comprehension
Then, the level of students speaking skill before conducting classroom
action research at every indicator can be presented as follows:
The Average ofSpeaking Indicators
Base Score Accent Grammar Vocabulary Fluency Comprehension52 51 .46 54 51
After analyzing the data from the test, the researcher concluded that the
level of the students' speaking skill was poor. The students really had difficulties
in speaking English. It can be seen in the table 2 that all indicators of speaking
were categorized into the level of poor. On the other hand, the teaching
technique of speaking used by the teacher should be changed in order to
improve the students' speaking skill in term of accent, grammar, vocabulary,
fluency and comprehension. Therefore, the researcher made plan to use
improvisation technique in teaching speaking done in activities in the first,
second, and third cycles.
This research actually consisted of three cycles. Each cycle comprised
four, meetings in which at the end of each cycle, the students were given the
speaking test to know their progress.
A.1 The First Cycle
At the first meeting of this cycle, the researcher taught speaking to
the students by using improvisations technique and the teaching and
learning activities were observed by the collaborator. The collaborator
observed the activities by doing observation checklist and taking field notes.
Every teaching activity was suited with the procedure of teaching improvisation
technique. The teacher started teaching the lesson by using management of
interaction procedure. In this term, there were some activities that happened as
in the following: The teacher explained about what improvisation was. The
teacher then wrote out a situation on the white board as an example of
improvisational situation. To make the students understand about the
explanation, the teacher called for two of the students to act out or dramatize
guided by him. The students then asked the teacher about what they did not
understand after watching the implementation of improvisational situation.
The teacher paired the students at random, and then called each pair to
dramatize in the front of the class after given a situation. The situation given by
the teacher was "at library. " In term of turn- taking, the students worked in pair
to act out the situation without preparation. They also created mimic or facial
expression as well as turn -taking based on the situation they had. The students
looked not ready to dramatize the students because it was still new for them.
They paid attention to their friends' performance as model they should do next.
The teacher, of course, guided them especially for mistakes of speaking
aspects found during their improvisational drama. In negotiation of meaning,
the teacher took a note about the students' activities in asking, giving
opinion, requesting, agreeing or disagreeing, and gesturing based on their
situation. At the end of this meeting, the teacher had completely asked all pairs
to dramatize the improvisational situations and found that the students were
problematic with their spontaneously improvisational drama marked with a lot
of mistakes of grammar and pronunciation.
At the second meeting, the teacher did the same things, taught the
students speaking by using improvisation technique. and the collaborator still
observed the activities. The teacher commented some weaknesses and
mistakes of speaking aspects done by the students in the students' first
drama and gave information to do the correct one to the next improvisational
drama performance. The situations given in this meeting was "in the classroom."
The students directly came to their own pairs. The teacher guided the
students to give correction on mistakes of aspects of speaking during
dramatizing the situations. The same problems as the first meeting were found,
grammatical mistake and accent.
At the third meeting, the teacher applied the same things as usual, and the
collaborator did his job, observed teaching and learning activities. The teacher
still informed about the weaknesses of the previous improvisational drama and
warned them to do it carefully. Some of the students complained their
difficulties of playing out the situations spontaneously. The teacher still guided
and gave correction of mistakes found during drama performance. In this term,
the students had looked more serious and careful to play out the situations.
The topic given to the students was " In the street. " Based on their drama
performance, grammar and pronunciation problems were still theirs.
At the fourth meeting, the activities were the same as previously done
by the teacher in the first, second, and third meeting. The collaborator kept
observing teaching and learning activities, too. The teacher had given little
praise for the good progress of improvisational drama performed before. The
teacher still informed the students to be more careful by considering aspects
of speaking in their performance. The students had looked more relaxed in
this situation. The situation dramatized in this meeting was "in the town". The
students came to their own pairs. The students looked more careful in
comprehending situations before acting out them in front of the class. The
teacher then called each pair to act out in front of the class. In this term, the
same problems were still experienced by the students.
At the end of this cycle, the teacher cooperated with the collaborator
to prepare a test to assess the students' speaking progress after applying
improvisation technique. In doing the test, the students were given a topic "at
the restaurant". In this test, the teacher asked the students to gather with their
previous partners and instructed them to go out of the class. The teacher then
called each pair to come into the classroom and be given an improvisational
situation to dramatize it in the front of class. While other pairs waited for their
turn outside. This activity was intended to avoid them to imitate the drama
performance played by their friends. The teacher recorded their voice in order to
assess their speaking skill in each of the speaking indicators. The students'
speaking skill was assessed by the teacher helped by the collaborator. Below is
a table of score obtained from the students' test after analyzing and calculating
the data.
Table 7. The Analysis of the Students' Speaking Skill in the First Cycle
No Indicator The Number of Students (32)Rating quality/Percentage
Very good % Good % Fair % Poor %Accent 0 0 7 21.88 8 25 17 53.13
2 Grammar 0 0 6 18.8 15 46.88 11 34.383 Vocabulary 4 12.5 12 37.5 13 40.63 3 9.384 Fluency 3 9.38 11 34.38 14 43.8 4 12.55 Comprehension 0 0 7 21.88 16 50 9 28.13
The table 7 shows that the students' speaking ability in the term of accent
was poor. There were no students who were in the level of very good, 7
students or 21.88% of the students were in the level of good, 8 students or
25% of the students who were in the level of fair and 17 students or 53.13%
of the students who were in the level of poor. It means that the students had
difficulty in the term of accent because their language was influenced by their
mother tongue that can lead to mispronunciation. The level of the students'
speaking skill in the term of accent can be illustrated in the following figure:
Figure 8: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Accent In the First Cycle
In term of grammar, the table 7 above shows that there was no student
obtaining the level of very good, 6 students or 18.8% of the students who were
in Me level of good, 15 students or 46.88% of students who were in the level of
fair, and 11 students or 34.38% who were in the level of poor. It means
that the students made many grammatical mistakes when speaking English. It
can be illustrated in the figure as follow as:
Figure 9: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Grammar In the First Cycle
In term of vocabulary, it shows that there were 4 students or 12.5 % of the
nts obtaining the level of very good, 12 students or 37.5% of the students
who were in the level of good, 13 students or 40.63% of the students who were
in the level of fair, and 3 students or 9.3 8% of the students who was in the
level of. It means that the students' vocabulary when speaking English was poor.
The figure can be seen as follows:
Figure 10: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Vocabulary In the First Cycle
In term of fluency, it shows that there were 3 students or 9.38 of
Very Good Good Fair Poor
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
the students who was in the level of very good, 1 1 students or 34.38% of the
students who were in the level of good, 14 students or 43.8% of the students
who were in the level of fair, and 4 students or 12.5% of the students who
were in the level of poor. It means that the students' fluency when speaking
English was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 11: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Fluency In the First Cycle
In term of comprehension, it shows that there was no student or who was
in the level of very good and 7 students or 21.88% of students who were in
the level of good, 16 students or 50% of the students who were in the level
of fair, and nine students or 28.13% of the students who were in the level
of poor. It means that the students' comprehension about the topic being talked
was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 12: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Comprehension in the First Cycle
Table 8. The Average of the Score of the Students' Speaking SkillIn the First Cycle
The figure of the score of the students' speaking skill can been seen as
Figure 13: The Average Score of the Students' Speaking SkillIn the First Cycle
improvement was made by them. However, it was not satisfied enough yet,
especially for terms of accent and grammar.
Based on the observation done by the collaborator and the analysis of
the data in first cycle, some plans should be made as reflection of the
activities. Though, some progress was made by the students after applying
improvisational drama technique. There were some problems identified in
applying improvisational drama technique during the first cycle, needed some
changes or improvement. The problems were as follows:
1. The teacher only gave an example by calling two students to do
improvisational drama in front of class.
2. Only few persons questioned the teacher when they did not understand
about the implementation of improvisational drama situation.
3. The students looked unserious to pay attention to their friends applying the
situation of improvisational drama
4. When the students played out the situational drama, they were not careful
with their grammar and pronunciation.
Pertaining to the problems in the reflection above, the researcher
cooperated with the collaborator to make some plans for better teaching
improvement, which focused on the following things:
a. Giving an example
Collaborator advised the teacher to give more examples, so that the
students really understood about the technique. Moreover, the technique was
still new for them.
b. Stimulating students to question about what they did not understand
about the implementation of improvisational drama.
In order to make the students ready in playing the dramatic situations,
the collaborator suggested the researcher to stimulate the students to
question. The collaborator a long with the researcher needed to motivate the
students together.
c. Giving models of correct pronunciation
To give models of correct pronunciation, the teacher repeated the words
or phrases with correct pronunciation when the students pronounced incorrect
words or phrases. It was done in order to avoid negative effect.
d. Reminding the students of grammatical points
Before doing improvisational drama performance, the teacher gave
the students brief explanation about the importance of grammatical aspects, so
that the students could control their speech for better conversational drama.
A.2 The Second Cycle.
At the first meeting of this cycle, the activities were still the same as the
previous cycle. Teacher still followed the procedures of improvisation
technique, but he focused more based on the reflection of result obtained in
previous cycle. The focuses were on the weaknesses of the students' accent
and grammar. The teacher gave comment about bad and good act of previous
drama and informed about what to do for next improvisational drama. The
students came to their own pairs. Then the teacher called for each pair and
gave a situation to them. The students had already known what they should do
and they discussed the situation for a moment and then they spontaneously
act out the situation without preparation. The title of the improvisational
drama was "in parking hall". In doing this drama, they students had looked
more careful to avoid mistakes done in previous meeting. The teacher took
a note the students' drama performance of turn- taking and negotiation of
meaning as long as they acted out the drama and gave correction on mistakes
after the drama was over. In this meeting, the students still had the same
weaknesses on grammatical errors and mispronunciation.
At the second meeting, the teacher still applied improvisation technique in
teaching the students' speaking without missing any procedures. Accent and
grammar aspects of the students' weaknesses still became emphasis in this
cycle as previously mentioned in the reflection. The topic discussed in this
meeting was "at canteen". In this meeting, the teacher was not so active. He
just gave situation to each pair and asked them to dramatize it. The teacher
reminded the students to be careful to dramatize the situation given. The
students confidently acted out the situation but they did not look careful to their
grammar and pronounce words. Most of the students were more motivated in
doing this drama. The teacher took a note the students' performance based on
the procedures of improvisation technique. The teacher still gave correction
on errors made by the students when they finished their drama. However, they
were still problematic with grammar and accent.
At the third meeting, the teacher did the same procedures like the previous
meetings. The topic was "in the front of house". The researcher still focused on
accent and grammar. Most of the students were active in acting out the
situational drama. Some of the students showed their understanding in turn-
taking, facial expression, and gesture in acting out their drama. The teacher
let the students free to make creation to support their drama performance.
The teacher still gave correction of mispronunciation and grammatical error after
they finished their drama performance. The teacher still took a note of the
student's drama performance. Finally, grammar and accent problems still
belonged to them.
At the fourth meeting, the teacher gave the topic "at the theater". The
procedures of teaching were the same as previous meeting. The teacher asked the
students do like usual after giving the situation to each pair. The teacher still
reminded the students to be more careful to perform their drama. Since the
focuses of this cycle were accent and grammar, the teacher still repeated the
words with correct pronunciation after they finished their drama. The same case
still happened, grammar and accent mistake.
At the end of this cycle, the teacher cooperated with the collaborator to
improvisation technique. In doing the test, the students were given a topic "at the
supermarket". In this test, the teacher still asked the students to gather with their
previous partners and instructed them to go out of the class. The teacher then called
each pair to come into the classroom and be given an improvisational situation
to dramatize it in the front of class. While other pairs waited for their turn outside.
This activity was intended to avoid them to imitate the drama performance played by
their friends. The teacher recorded the students' voices during their improvisational
drama performance in order to assess their speaking skill in each of the speaking
indicators. The students' speaking skill was assessed by the teacher helped by the
collaborator. Below is a table of score obtained from the students' test after
analyzing and calculating the data.
Table 9. The Analysis of the Students' Speaking Skill in the Second Cycle
Indicator The Number of Students (32)
Rating quality/PercentageVery good /° Good % Fair % Poor %
1 Accent 0 8 25 10 31. 25 14 43.82 Grammar 0 0 6 18.8 17 53.13 9 28.133 Vocabulary 6 18.8 14 43.8 2 37.5 0 04 Fluency 6 18.8 145 Comprehensio
n
0 7 21.88 25 78.13 0
According to the table 9, it shows that the students' speaking ability in
the term of accent was poor. There were not students getting very good, 8
students or 25% of the students were good, 10 students or 31.25% of the
students who were fair and 14 students or 43.8% of the students who were
poor. It means that the students had difficulty in the term of accent because
their language was influenced by their mother tongue that caused
mispronunciation. The level of the students' speaking skill in the term of accent
can be illustrated in the following figure:
Figure 14: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Accent In the Second Cycle
In term of ig;3rnrr;ar_ the e 9 above shows that there were no saidenis
cl^:ainina tizr% good score, 6 students or 18.8% of the students who were good. 1'
students or 53.13% of students who were fair, and 9 students or 28.13% ti~-
ho v~ erz poor. It means that the students made many grammatical mistakes
when speaking English. It can be illustrated in the figure as in the following:
Figure 15: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Grammar
In the Second Cycle
In the term of vocabulary, it shows that there were 6 students or 18.8%
of the students obtaining very good score, 14 students or 43.8% of the students
who were good, 12 students or 37.5% of the students who were fair, and no
student who was poor. It means that the students' vocabulary when speaking
English was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 16: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of
Vocabulary
In the Second Cycle
In the term of fluency, it shows that there were 6 students or 18.8% of
the students who were very good, 14 students or 43.8% of the students who
were good, 12 students or 37.5% of the students who were fair, and no
students who were poor. It means that the students' fluency when speaking
English was poor. The figure can be seen as in the following:
Figure 17: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Fluency
In the Second Cycle
In the term of comprehension, it shows that there were no students or who
were very good and 7 students or 21.88% of students who were good, 25
students or 78.13% of the students who were fair. There were no students who
were poor. It means that the students' comprehension about the topic being
dramatized was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
After having obtained the data from the analysis of the test at the end of
the second cycle, it can be concluded that the average of students' speaking skill
was better than the previous cycle. It was still categorized in the level of fair.
Though some improvement was made by the students, it was not satisfactory yet.
It can be seen that there was little improvement made especially in terms of
accent and grammar.
With reference to the observation done by the collaborator and the'analysis
of the data in the second cycle, some plans could be made as reflection of the
activities in order to make some changes or improvement of the students'
speaking skill. The problems in applying improvisation technique during the second
cycle could be identified as in the following:
1. The students were not careful with their pronunciation when they
spokeEnglish.
2. The students did not attentively use the grammar in speaking, caused
grammatical mistake.
Based on the problems, the researcher and the collaborator agreed to plan
for better teaching improvement, which focused on the following things: c. Giving
models of correct pronunciation
The teacher still pronounced the correct words or phrases of incorrect
pronunciation made by the students when they finished their drama performance. d.
Giving information and remaining the importance of grammatical points
Before doing improvisational drama, the teacher still gave the students brief
information and remained the importance of grammatical aspects, so that the
students could control their speaking when they acted out their dramatic situation.
A.3 The Third Cycle
At the first meeting, the teacher did the same things and the collaborator did the
observation like usual. The topic was "at office". The students were motivated
to play out the drama. The teacher let the students create more to find their
confident and spontaneity. The students had looked careful to pronounce words and
used grammar. The teacher was not more involved in the students' drama
activity. The teacher took a note what happened to the students `drama performance.
The result of improvisational drama performed by the students showed that they
were still problematic with their grammar and accent.
At the second meeting, the teacher kept using improvisation technique and
the collaborator still observed teaching activities. The teacher gave a situation "at
downtown". The teacher still remained the students to be careful in acting out the
dramatic situation. The students had looked careful to pronounce words and used
grammar. The teacher was not more involved in the students' drama activity. The
teacher took a note what happened to the students `drama performance. The result
of improvisational drama performed by the students showed that they were still
problematic with their grammar and accent.
At the third meeting, the same things as previous meetings were done by the
teacher and the collaborator. The topic of dramatic situation was "at electronic
store". The domination of the teacher in meeting was little bit. The teacher still
corrected the wrong pronunciation after the students finished their drama
performance. The teacher still took a note the students' drama performance.
Unfortunately, the same case was still found.
At the fourth meeting, the teacher and the collaborator still kept doing the same
things as before. The teacher gave a situation "at home". The teacher still
remained the students to be careful in acting out the dramatic situation. The students
had looked careful to pronounce words and used grammar. The teacher was not
more involved in the students' drama activity. The teacher took a note what
happened to the students `drama performance. The result of improvisational
drama performed by the students showed that they were still problematic
with their grammar and accent.
At the end of this cycle, the teacher cooperated with the collaborator
to prepare a test in the third cycle to assess the students' speaking progress
after applying improvisation technique. In doing the test, the students were
given a topic "at the clothing store". In this test, the teacher still asked the
students to gather with their previous partners and instructed them to go out of
the class. The teacher then called each pair to come into the classroom and
be given an improvisational situation to dramatize it in the front of class.
While other pairs waited for their turn outside. This activity was intended to
avoid them to imitate the drama performance played by their friends. The
teacher recorded their voice in order to assess their speaking skill in each of
the speaking indicators. The students' speaking skill was assessed by the
teacher helped by the collaborator. Below is a table of score obtained from
the students' test after analyzing and calculating the data.
Table 11. The Analysis of the Students' Speaking Skill in the Third Cycle
No Indicator The Number of Students (32)
Rating quality/PercentageVery good % Good % Fair % Poor %
1 Accent 0 0 10 31.25 15 48.88 7i 21.882 Grammar 6 18.8 9 28.13 16 50 1 31.133 Vocabulary 9 28.13 13 40 63 10 31.25 0 04 Fluency 11 34.38 12 37 5 9 28.13 0 0
Comprehension 7 21.88 13 40.63 12 37.5 0 0
According to the table 11, it shows that the students' speaking ability in the term
of accent was poor. There were no students who were very good, 10
students or 31. 25% of the students were good, I S students or 48.88% of
the students who were fair and 7 students or 21.88% of the students who were
poor. It means that the students had difficulty in the term of accent because
their language was influenced by their mother tongue. The level of the
students' speaking skill in the term of accent can be illustrated in the following
figure:
Figure 20: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of Accent
In the Third Cycle
In the term of grammar, the table 11 above shows that there were
6 students or 18.8% obtaining very good score, 9 students or 28.13% of the
students who were good, 16 students or 50% of students who were fair, and 1
students or 31.13% who were poor. It means that the students made many
grammatical mistakes when speaking English. It can be illustrated in the figure
as follow as:
Figure 21: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of
Grammar
in the Third Cycle
In the term of vocabulary, it shows that there were 9 students or 28.13%
of the students obtaining very good score, 13 students or 40.63% of the students
who were good, 10 students or 31.25% of the students who were fair, and no
student who was poor. It means that the students' vocabulary when speaking
English was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 22: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of
Vocabulary
in the Third Cycle
In the term of fluency, it shows that there were I 1 students or 34.38%
of the students who were very good, 12 students or 37.5% of the students
who were good, 9 students or 28.13% of the students who were fair, and no
students who were poor. It means that the students' fluency when speaking
English was poor. The figure can be seen as follow:
Figure 23: The Rating of the Students' Speaking. Skill in Term of Fluency
in
The Third Cycle
In the term of comprehension, it shows that there were 7 students
or 21.88% of the students who were very good and 13 students or
40.63% of students who were good, 12 students or 37.5% of the students
who were fair and no students who were poor. It means that the students'
comprehension about the topic being talked was poor. The figure can be seen
as follow:
Figure 24: The Rating of the Students' Speaking Skill in Term of
Comprehension in the Third Cycle
Table 12. The Average of the Score of the Students' Speaking Skill
In the Third Cycle
The Average of Speaking Indicators
Students' Score Accent Grammar Vocabulary Fluency Comprehension62 72 79 81 77
Figure 25: The Average Score of the Students' Speaking Skill In the Third
Cycle
After completing the third cycle, the researcher carried out an interview,
which the interviewees were the students selected at random by using numbered
card. There were 10 students selected and given the interview. They were asked
to tell about their problem using improvisation technique taught to them irn their
class.
The first interviewee told that improvisation technique was good
technique that motivated her to speak more and more. Besides leading to a
good comprehension and fluency, improvisation technique could increase her
vocabulary, grammar and comprehension through the situation given. Before she
studied improvisation technique, she had problems with her self- confidence,
grammar and comprehension.
The second interviewee explained that improvisation technique was good
technique, useful to make students enjoy their speaking. She told that she
improved her vocabulary and her comprehension when acting out situation of
improvisational drama. The problems of hers before studying improvisation
technique, she had problems with grammar and comprehension.
The third interviewee clarified that improvisation technique was good
technique in teaching speaking enabling him to improve vocabulary,
pronunciation and comprehension in analyzing the situation. Before he studied
about this technique, he had problem with his grammar, and confidence. He felt
the advantages of improvisation technique to their speaking skill having
emerged his self- confidence and the improvement of his grammar.
The fourth interviewee described that improvisation technique was good
speaking technique for the students to speak spontaneously and naturally. It
could also increase students' comprehension in getting ideas to find good
sentences into a dialogue in acting out the situation given to them. Her
problems before studying improvisation technique were grammar and
vocabulary. She felt some improvement of speaking skill after studying
improvisation technique such as vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
The fifth interviewee gave explanation that improvisation technique was
a good technique, made the students like it very much. It not only improved the
students' speaking skill through drama performance but also made the students
enjoy their studying. She clarified that she got the improvement of her speaking
aspects such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and
fluency. Before knowing this technique, she said that she had problem with
grammar, pronunciation, and comprehension. She also promised to use this
technique after being an English teacher.
The sixth interviewee stated that improvisation technique is a kind of drama
that forced him to speak spontaneously without preparation, indicated that he
comprehended the situation into a good with his speaking partner. He could
improve his grammar after studying this drama technique. Before studying
this improvisation technique, he had problems with his grammar,
pronunciation, vocabulary.
The seventh interviewee explained that improvisation technique was a
drama technique that could inspire her to get good comprehension and fluency.
She clarified that she was able to speak spontaneously without preparation
in acting out the situation given. She told that she felt some improvement
of all speaking aspects consisting of grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary,
fluency, and comprehension. Her speaking problems experienced by her
before studying improvisation were grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.
The eighth interviewee gave clarification that improvisation technique
was good to help students get many ideas in playing out the drama through the
situation given. She informed that the students could increase their
comprehension through this drama because they particularly tried to find
good dialogue spontaneously. She said that through this improvisation she
could improve all speaking aspect such as grammar, Vocabulary,
pronunciation, fluency, and comprehension. Before studying this technique,
she had problem with grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
The ninth interviewee described that improvisation technique
helped her to improve her grammar. She told that teacher was really helpful in
guiding her to correct her mistake not only for grammar but also for other
speaking aspect mistakes. She felt helped through this improvisation technique,
especially for her grammar problems of hers before studying improvisation were
grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
The tenth interviewee told that improvisation was a good technique that
can improve the student's fluency in speaking English. She also said that
improvisation was able to make the students speak spontaneously and naturally.
She experienced the improvement of her grammar after studying improvisation
technique. She had problems with grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary
before studying improvisation technique.
B. Discussion
As clarified previously, this research was carried out in three cycles, each
cycle had four meetings. It was conducted at the students of semester two at
class B of English Education Department of UIN Suska Riau. The class was
chosen due to the speaking problems happening to the students. In order to
overcome the speaking problems, the researcher as a teacher applied
improvisation technique to improve the students' speaking skill. The purposes
of this research were to identify whether Improvisation Technique can better
improve the students' speaking skill and to find out the factors influence the
improvement of students' speaking skill.
Data analysis done during three cycles, the researcher found that
applying Improvisation technique could improve the students' speaking skill. It
was supported by the results of the students at the end of each cycle, the
observation checklist, the field notes and the interview.
1. The Improvement of Students' Speaking Skill
From the speaking skill tests given before conducting the classroom
action research and at the end of the first, second, and third cycle, the use of
improvisation technique was able to improve the students' speaking skill. It
was found that the results of students' speaking skill increased in each
cycle. The comparison of the students' speaking results in all the tests can be
described as in the following:
Table 13. The Comparison of the Students' Speaking Results in All Tests
Test The Average Scores of Speaking Skill
Accent Grammar Vocabulary Fluency Comprehensio
n
Average
Pretest 52 51 46 54 51 50
Cycle 1 54 57 71 68 59 61
Cycle 11 62 58 76 76 64 67
Cycle 111 62 72 79 81 77 74
Furthermore, the improvement of students' speaking skill can also be
seen from the figure below:
were still categorized in the rating of fair. In other words, the students' speaking
skill at the end of the fourth cycle improved, it could reach the category of
good.
In conclusion, the students’ speaking skill having conducted the
classroom action research by improvisation technique achieved better
improvement. In other words, the indicators of vocabulary, fluency,
comprehension, accent and grammar achieved much better improvement
compared with the students speaking skill before carrying out the research.
2. The factors Influence the improvement of speaking skill
The activities of teaching speaking through improvisation technique have
made a lot of changes toward the improvement of Students' speaking skill.
Referring to the observation checklists, field notes and interview from the first
cycle up to the third cycle, it can be clarified that the students Could improve
their pronunciation in speaking English gradually. In term management of
interaction. the students got good models of speaking accent from the teacher.
When they were wrong to pronounce the words, the teacher corrected the words with
good pronunciation done after they finished their improvisational drama
activities. They could listen and repeat the words with the correct ones. It gradually
improved their speaking accent.
Then, the improvement of grammar in speaking was improved gradually.
It was because of reminding the students grammatical points and telling them the
importance of grammar aspect before doing their drama performance. The students
actually have been studying about grammar since they were still in elementary level,
but when they used it in spoken English, they were not so careful and caused the
mistake of their grammar.
The students could also increase much vocabulary and developed a lot of
ideas through the activities of turn- taking. They paid attention to their friends'
performance and got some new vocabulary spoken out by their Friends during
drama of improvisation in progress. Improvisation technique really led them to
enrich their vocabulary and ideas. It was found that the vocabulary made a lot of
improvement because the students could relate the situational drama to as
many words or phrases in order to activate their prior knowledge. As a result, it
enabled the students to speak much.
Improvisation technique could also be very helpful to improve
the students' fluency looked in turn- taking activity that they got many ideas on the
situations given and spontaneously and naturally spoken out in their improvisation
drama. The students knew what they wanted to do or say and they did not spend much
time to express their ideas because the students had speaking partners practicing
drama in accordance with their situations.
The improvement of comprehension was also experienced b\ the students,
particularly in term negotiation of meaning. The students Could activate their
prior knowledge, showed their mimic. gesture when then acted out
improvisational drama situations.
Finally, improvisation technique could not only improve the students'
speaking skill in terms of accent, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and
comprehension but also the students' confidence and participation.
C. The Limitation of the research
The classroom action research was carried out at the students of
semester two at class B of English Education Department of UIN Suska Riau. It
aimed at improving the students speaking skill. Based on the research finding,
some improvement of speaking skill was made by the students. However, there
were some (imitations and weaknesses found as in the following:
a. The findings cannot be generalized to other classes.
b. The researcher could not control all mispronunciation spoken by the
students, frequently accompanied with the students' actions when the drama
was still in progress.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SLIGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Having completed the analysis of the data based on the findings of this
classroom action research is concluded as follows:
1. Improvised drama technique improves the students' speaking skill.
2. The factors influence the improvement of the students' speaking skill as in
the following:
A. Management of Interaction (teacher model)
a. The students are encouraged to develop many ideas when they act out
the improvisational drama situations.
b. The students feel unworried about making mistakes in grammar when
playing out the improvisational drama situations.
c. The students have good confidence in communicating their ideas in
improvisational drama.
d. The speaking class becomes active and enjoyable.
B. Turn- taking
a. The students are able to broaden their vocabulary as much as possible b.
b. The students are able to speak spontaneously and naturally.
c. The students can control themselves in speaking when acting out the
dramatic situations of improvisation
C. Negotiation of Meaning
a. The students can activate their prior knowledge, mimic, gesture when
acting out the improvisational drama situations.
b. The students have good comprehension and fluency in speaking
English.
B. Implications
Improvised drama technique improve the students' speaking skill and
influences some factors of the students' speaking skill in terms of
accent, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension, and confidence
as well. It can be implied that improvised drama technique is very useful in
teaching speaking.
C. Suggestions
Referring to the conclusions and implications of this research. some
suggestions can be given as follows:
1. The researcher as an English lecturer should continue using improvised
drama technique in teaching speaking class.
2. The other researchers conducting a research related improvised drama
technique can use this research finding as relevant research.
3. The English teachers having the same situation and condition can use
improvised drama technique in teaching speaking.