Human Origins

Early Man during the Paleolithic Era(Old Stone Age)

SOL Review

•Humans (HomoSapiens) emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 yearsago.

Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. (Every continent except Antarctica!) Land and ice bridges connected the continents.

Early humans were hunters and gatherers who survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries and nuts for food.

Early human societies (hunter-gatherer societies)

•Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water and shelter)

•Invented the first tools, including simple weapons

•Learned how to make fire

•Lived in clans

•Developed oral language

•Created “cave art”

Neolithic Age Begins 8000 BCEThe New Stone Age

The Ice Age is ending and the earth is warming

Sea levels rise

eliminating land

bridges

Agriculture develops

Seeds scattered at a regular campsite result in crops the following season

The agricultural revolution begins.

Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)

•Developed agriculture

•Domesticated animals

•Used advanced tools

•Made pottery

•Developed weaving skills

Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing:

•Human remains

•Fossils

•and artifacts

Archaeologistsuse a scientific method called Carbon Dating to tell the age offossils and artifacts

Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic era and completed during the Bronze Age.

Aleppo and JerichoWere early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists

is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently underexcavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor

Catal Huyuk

What was a most important step in the advancement of civilization during the Neolithic Era?

Permanent Settlements that included agriculture and the domestication of animals

Name a scientific test that archaeologists use to analyze fossils and artifacts.

Carbon Dating

The first use of advanced tools was a part of what era?

Neolithic Era

What is Eurasia?

Asia and Europe considered as a whole. Even though neither Asianor Europe is entirely surrounded by water, they are considered continents.

1. The movement patterns of early humans were mostly determined by

a. Tribal warsb. Language developmentc. Animal migrationd. Religious practices

2. Early people stopped roaming with the —

a. Development of agricultureb. Building of aqueductsc. Invention of the wheeld. Discovery of iron

3. What archaeological site is this?

a. Chichn Itzb. Babylonc. Machu Picchud. Stonehenge

4. The first crops likely to have been planted by Neolithic people were:

a. Berry bushesb.spices and herbsc. Fruit treesd.Grains

5. During the Glacial periods, Old Stone Age people kept warm by all of the following means EXCEPT by:

a. Wearing animal skinsb. Building firesc. Wearing woolen clothingd. Building shelters

6. Archaeologists learn about prehistoric cultures by studying all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. fossils

b. tools and weapons

c. written records

d. pottery

Ancient River Valley CivilizationsDuring the New

Stone Age, permanent settlements appearedin River Valleys and around the Fertile Crescent.

River Valleys provided:

•Rich soil for crops and•Protection from invasion Source: http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/riv-vall.gif

These early civilizations existedbetween 3500-500 BC

The first civilization was Sumer in Mesopotamia, which means “Land between two rivers”Situated between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

The second civilization to develop was Egypt along the Nile River.

http://loellenpark.org/callens/images/stories/Ancient_Egypt_Map.jpg

The Third River Civilization was the Indus River Valley civilization in India

The Fourth River Valley Civilization was The Huang He River civilization in China

Source: http://core.ecu.edu/hist/tuckerjo/chinciv.jpg

4. During the Paleolithic Era, early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of:

a.Water and clothb.Wild plants & animalsc.Cultivated crops and plantsd.Domesticated herds and wild plants

5. During the Old Stone Age, Hunter gatherer societies had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

a.They were nomadicb.They had simple tools c.They had control of fired.They had a written language

6. Which improvements in technology helped createAgricultural surpluses in river valley civilizations

a.Tools, plows and irrigationb.Silt, domestication and irrigationc.Bronze, domestication and writingd.Plows, laws and irrigation

7. Match the ancient river valley civilization with its river valley

_______ Egyptian a. Indus River Valley

_______ Mesopotamian b. Huang He Valley

_______ Indian c. Nile River Valley and Delta

_______ Chinese d. Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys

8. All of the following are necessary for a Neolithic culture to evolve into a civilization, EXCEPT

a. The development of a system of public education for the community

b. Job specialization with different groups performing different tasks

c. The growth of a settlement large enough to be a city

d. A centralized government for the city

9. Neolithic farmers found that the soil along rivers was especially fertile because

a. They slashed and burned the vegetation along the rivers

b. Annual flooding replenished the land with a layer of topsoil

c. They added fertilizers to the soil

D. Animals deposited their manure more frequently along the rivers

Sort the following words in the correct columns below.

Caves hunters-gatherers fire domesticated animalsadvanced tools nomadic sedentary agriculturepottery clans irrigation weavingsimple tools herders villages Old Stone AgeNew Stone Age migration Africa food surplusRiver civilizations Ice age oral language cave artSimple weapons permanent settlements job specialization Bronze

Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era