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Human Diseases Presentation:

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Maria Maqsood

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1. What is it?

• MI is basically known as heart attack and is characterized by the interruption of supply of blood to a portion of the heart. This causes the heart cells to die and may result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

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1. 1Technical Definition

• Myocardial Infarction if the rapid development of myocardial necrosis by a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand to the myocardium

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2. What causes it?

• The formation of plaque can cause cracks in the arterial cell wall, and platelets would stick to them. The thickening condition is known as atherosclerosis.

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2. 1Some Factors Involved

• 1. High Blood Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia)• 2. Hypertension• 3. Smoking• 4. Diabetes Mellitus

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3. Prevalence

• In the US, 2 million cases of nonfatal MI were reported in 2011

• Incidence of 600 per 100,000 people• At least 3 Million reported incidents

annually in Pakistan.• Approximately 500,000 to 700,000 deaths

are caused by heart disease annually in the United States.

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Levels of MI

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4. Symptoms

• Chest Pain- anterior precardium tightness• Pain may radiate to jaw, neck and left arm• Dyspnea- angina equivalent, poor LV

function• Nausea/abdominal pain with posterior MI• Anxiety• As many as half of MI are clinically silent

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5. Role of Genes

• Using genome wide association study, it has been unveiled that at least 100 loci are involved in conditions related to coronary diseases, including MI. These have been labeled as “genetic susceptibility factors”

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6. Diagnosis

• 1. ECG• 2. Blood Test and Cardiac Markers

(Elevated Enzymes) Troponin: most important

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Cardiac Markers in Action

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7. Treatment

• A) Anti-platelet Medicine• B) Nitroglycerine• C) Enzyme Inhibitors• D)Beta Blocking Agents• E) Treatment like Angioplasty/Bypass

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Innovation in Treatment

• Can Stem Cell be an ideal solution?• Researches have shown that stem cell

treatment has worked to some extent in patients with MI conditions. Bone-marrow derived stem cells are said to work best for MI condition.

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• Thank you!• Any Questions