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JNF - COPYRIGHT JNF - COPYRIGHT Human Body Systems & Human Body Systems & Functions Functions Profa.Juliris Navarro Profa.Juliris Navarro

Human body systems & functions

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Page 1: Human body systems & functions

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Human Body Systems Human Body Systems & Functions& Functions

Profa.Juliris NavarroProfa.Juliris Navarro

Page 2: Human body systems & functions

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Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System THE INTEGUMENTARY THE INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEM IS THE SKIN.SYSTEM IS THE SKIN.

Is regulates body Is regulates body temperature, acts as a temperature, acts as a sensory receptor to internal sensory receptor to internal and external stimuli, and external stimuli, excretes waste from the excretes waste from the body trough sweat, and body trough sweat, and absorbs vitamin D and absorbs vitamin D and calcium from sunlight to calcium from sunlight to nourish the body.nourish the body.

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The heart and circulatory system The heart and circulatory system

(blood vessels, including arteries, (blood vessels, including arteries, veins and capillaries) make up the veins and capillaries) make up the cardiovascular system. cardiovascular system.

It delivers blood to all the body’s It delivers blood to all the body’s tissues, carrying nutrients and tissues, carrying nutrients and oxygen to every cell within the oxygen to every cell within the body and removing waste products body and removing waste products ( such as carbon dioxide).( such as carbon dioxide).

Oxygen rich blood is carried to the Oxygen rich blood is carried to the parts of the body through the parts of the body through the arteries. arteries.

The veins carry blood back to the The veins carry blood back to the heart. heart.

The Pulmonary Vein carries blood The Pulmonary Vein carries blood to the lungs where carbon dioxide to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.is exchanged for oxygen.

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system is The circulatory system is

composed of the heart and composed of the heart and the blood vessels and the blood vessels and provides cells within the provides cells within the body with nutrients (via body with nutrients (via blood). blood).

Pulmonary circulation is Pulmonary circulation is the loop from the heart to the loop from the heart to the lungs and back again.the lungs and back again.

While System Circulation While System Circulation (what we usually think of (what we usually think of as our circulatory system) as our circulatory system) sends blood from the heart sends blood from the heart to all the other parts of our to all the other parts of our bodies and back again.bodies and back again.

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM The lymphatic system works The lymphatic system works

with the circulatory system with the circulatory system to distribute fluids and to distribute fluids and nutrients throughout the nutrients throughout the body, and rids the body of body, and rids the body of unnecessary substances unnecessary substances through a clear to yellow through a clear to yellow fluid referred to as “lymph” fluid referred to as “lymph” which contains white blood which contains white blood cells, proteins and fats.cells, proteins and fats.

It also aids the immune It also aids the immune system in removing and system in removing and destroying waste, debris, destroying waste, debris, dead blood cells, pathogens, dead blood cells, pathogens, toxins, and cancer cells, and toxins, and cancer cells, and drains excess fluids and drains excess fluids and protein to prevent edema.protein to prevent edema.

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LYMPHATIC NODESLYMPHATIC NODES The role of the The role of the

lymph nodes is to lymph nodes is to filter lymph before filter lymph before it can return to the it can return to the circulatory system.circulatory system.

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URINARY SYSTEMURINARY SYSTEM The urinary system or The urinary system or

urinary tract includes urinary tract includes the urethra, the the urethra, the bladder, two ureters, bladder, two ureters, and two kidneys. and two kidneys.

It is the system that It is the system that produces, stores, and produces, stores, and eliminates urine.eliminates urine.

The male and female The male and female urinary system only urinary system only differs in the length of differs in the length of the urethra.the urethra.

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEMENDOCRINE SYSTEM This is a system of glands This is a system of glands

that produce and secrete that produce and secrete hormones. hormones.

Hormones regulate the Hormones regulate the body’s growth, metabolism, body’s growth, metabolism, sexual development, and sexual development, and function.function.

The major glands that make The major glands that make up the endocrine system are up the endocrine system are the thyroid, parathyroid the thyroid, parathyroid glands, pituitary, glands, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal hypothalamus, adrenal glands, pineal body and glands, pineal body and reproductive glands ( ovaries reproductive glands ( ovaries and testes).and testes).

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NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM This is a complex system This is a complex system

consisting of the central consisting of the central nervous system (CNS) and nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that regulates system (PNS) that regulates and coordinates body and coordinates body activities.activities.

It sends and receives It sends and receives information via electrical information via electrical signals carried by the signals carried by the nerves and interprets that nerves and interprets that information in the brain. information in the brain.

The CNS is mad up of the The CNS is mad up of the brain and spinal cord.brain and spinal cord.

The PNS is made up of our The PNS is made up of our nerves, sense organs (eyes, nerves, sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.) and other neural ears, etc.) and other neural elements ( receptors in elements ( receptors in muscles, skin, joints, etc.).muscles, skin, joints, etc.).

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM This is the system by which This is the system by which

both male and female both male and female humans reproduce. humans reproduce.

It is sometimes called the It is sometimes called the genital system as it is made genital system as it is made up of the organs in the up of the organs in the pelvic region that contribute pelvic region that contribute toward the reproductive toward the reproductive process. process.

The organs of the female The organs of the female reproductive system include reproductive system include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.mammary glands.

The male reproductive The male reproductive system includes the testes, system includes the testes, scrotum, penis, vas deferens scrotum, penis, vas deferens and prostate.and prostate.

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The male The male

reproductive reproductive system includes system includes the testes, the testes, scrotum, penis, vas scrotum, penis, vas deferens and deferens and prostate.prostate.

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEMDIGESTIVE SYSTEM The main organs of the The main organs of the

digestive system consist digestive system consist of the mouth, tongue, of the mouth, tongue, salivary glands, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small stomach, small intestine, large intestine intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, anus, (colon), rectum, anus, pancreas, liver, and pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.gallbladder.

This system is This system is responsible for ingesting responsible for ingesting and digesting food, and digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste.eliminating waste.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM This system is responsible This system is responsible

for delivering oxygenated for delivering oxygenated blood to al parts of the blood to al parts of the body.body.

Through breathing, the Through breathing, the body inhales oxygen and body inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide, exhales carbon dioxide, warms and moisturizes the warms and moisturizes the air, and filters debris.air, and filters debris.

The main organs of the The main organs of the respiratory system include respiratory system include the pharynx, larynx, nasal the pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity, trachea, cavity, oral cavity, trachea, lungs, bronchus, lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli.bronchioles, and alveoli.

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMMUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM This is the system that gives the human body form and This is the system that gives the human body form and

stability and enables movement. It consist of bones, stability and enables movement. It consist of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and other connective tissue.other connective tissue.

Connective tissue assists in the support function of this Connective tissue assists in the support function of this system and is made of elastic fibers and collagen, a system and is made of elastic fibers and collagen, a protein substance.protein substance.

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SPINE ( Vertebral Column)SPINE ( Vertebral Column) Strong, flexible group of Strong, flexible group of

bones which provides bones which provides structure for the upper structure for the upper body.body.

It encloses and protects It encloses and protects the spinal cord, supports the spinal cord, supports the head, and serves as the head, and serves as an attachment for ribs.an attachment for ribs.

(Also known as Spinal Column)(Also known as Spinal Column)Five regions of the spine:Five regions of the spine:

1.1. CervicalCervical2.2. ThoracicThoracic3.3. LumbarLumbar4.4. SacralSacral5.5. Coccygeal (coccyx)Coccygeal (coccyx)

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CERVICAL VERTEBRAECERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Uppermost part of Uppermost part of the spine. C1 –C7the spine. C1 –C7

(neck bones)(neck bones)

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THORACIC VERTEBRAETHORACIC VERTEBRAE This is the mid- section This is the mid- section

of the spine (mid back), of the spine (mid back), and makes up the and makes up the largest part of the spinal largest part of the spinal column. column.

Found below the Found below the Cervical, and above the Cervical, and above the Lumbar regions.Lumbar regions.

T1 – T12 Articulate with T1 – T12 Articulate with (attach to) the 12 pairs (attach to) the 12 pairs of ribs.of ribs.(Formerly known as Dorsal Spine)(Formerly known as Dorsal Spine)

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LUMBAR VERTEBRAELUMBAR VERTEBRAE Below the thoracic spine.Below the thoracic spine. L1 – L5L1 – L5 Strongest and larges of Strongest and larges of

spinal bones. (lower back, spinal bones. (lower back, small of back)small of back)

The load of body weight is The load of body weight is increased at the lower end of increased at the lower end of spine, therefore it is a spine, therefore it is a common place for common place for backaches, injury and backaches, injury and pathology.pathology.

This is the area where the This is the area where the sciatic nerve lies ( the large sciatic nerve lies ( the large nerve that branches down nerve that branches down into the legs) and pain in this into the legs) and pain in this region (sciatica) can radiate region (sciatica) can radiate from the back all the way from the back all the way down to the foot.down to the foot.

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REFERENCESREFERENCES

MOSBY’S DICTIONARY of Medicine, Nursing & MOSBY’S DICTIONARY of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions 9Health Professions 9thth Edition Edition

http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=iihttp://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=ii