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The Hudson River School
Romantic Painting
• Mid-19th century art movement• Landscape painters influenced by
Romanticism• Not actually a school—more of a group of
people with commonalities
Their Paintings
• Major themes: discovery, exploration, and settlement
• Pastoral setting where humans and nature coexist peacefully
• Realistic, detailed, and sometimes idealized pictures of nature
• Nature = manifestation of God• Use of darkened palette• Use of contrast• Personal interpretation, style, technique
The First Generation: Thomas Cole
• Founder of the Hudson River School• Inspired by the Catskill Mountains
• Falls of Kaaterskill• Landscape from Last of the Mohicans• The Course of Empire series of paintings
http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/kjohnso1/pictures/cole1.jpg
Falls of Kaaterskill, 1826
http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/kjohnso1/pictures/mohicanscole.jpg
Landscape from Last of the Mohicans, 1827
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg
The Course of Empire: The Savage State, 1834
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Cole_Thomas_The_Consummation_The_Course_of_the_Empire_1836.jpgA
The Course of the Empire: The Consummation, 1836
The First Generation: Asher B. Durand
• One of the country’s finest engravers• Moved from engraving to painting c. 1830
• Kindred Spirits• Thanatopsis• The Beeches
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/h/images/hudsonriv_durand_kindredspirits_lg.jpg
Kindred Spirits, 1849
Landscape, Scene from “Thanatopsis”, 1850
http://internal.usn.org/pages/kgreenebaum/images/image006.jpg
http://www.albany.edu/~hh4500/images/durand.jpg
The Beeches, 1845
The Second Generation:Frederic Edwin Church
• Luminist (instead of sharing own reactions with viewer, looking to eliminate their presence in their work)
• Founder of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
• Committed to natural sciences, but concerned with including spiritual dimension in work
• Twilight in the Wilderness• Aurora Borealis• Niagara Falls
http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec124/church-twilight-in-the-wilderness.jpg
Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860
http://faculty.pittstate.edu/~knichols/churchaurora3.jpg
Aurora Borealis, 1865
http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/cjackson/c/p-church3.htm
Niagara Falls, 1857
The Second Generation:Albert Bierstadt
• Focused on westward expansion• Popular, but ripped by critics
• Among the Sierra Nevada, California• The Oregon Trail• Niagara
Among the Sierra Nevada, California, 1868
http://angellier.biblio.univ-lille3.fr/etudes_recherches/imagesduplay/Bierstadtsierranevada.jpg
The Oregon Trail, 1869
http://www.butlerart.com/pc_book/pages/albert_bierstadt_1830.htm
http://www.wfu.edu/art/ac_bierstadt.jpg
Niagara, 1869
Hudson River School:Other Second
Generation Artists
John Frederick KensettBeacon Rock, Newport Harbor, 1857
http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/MESLatCU/AH360/Large/NGA/A0000133.jpeg
http://www.nga.gov/feature/wilmerding/72/bracesrocksplash.jpg
Fitz Hugh LaneBrace’s Rock, Eastern Point, Gloucester, c. 1864