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Paints and varnishes - Corrosicinprotection of steel structures by protectiveaal-* arra*am-paint systems

Part 1 :General introduction

Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acler par systdmesde peinture -Partie 1: lntroduction gen1rale

Firsl ediiion1 998-05-1 5

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IT{TERNATIOi{AL STAT.JDARD O ISO lS0 X2944-1:1998{E)

Paints and varnishes - Gorrosion protectionby protective paint systemsPart 1 :Gene,ral introduction

of steel structures

1 Scope

1 .1 ISO 12944 deals with the corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint sysrems.

1.2 ISO 12944 covers only the corrosion-protective function of paint systems. Other protective functions, like theprotection against:

microorganisms (marine fouling, bacteria, fungi, etc.),

chemicals (acids, alkalis, organic solvents, gases, etc,),

rrrechanic;rl acticln (abrasion, etc. ) and

fire

ai not coverecl by ISO 12-944,

1.3 The fietd of application js characteri;zed by:ttre iype of structrrr-e,

the iype of surface and surface preparation,

tiis. type of environrnent,

the type of protective paint system,

the type of worl< and

the durabiliW of the protective paint system,

Althougir l$() 12944 rjoes not cover all types of structure, surface arid surtace preparation, it rnpy, by aEreement,also be applied to those eases which are not covered bv the standarc;.

The various aspects of the field of applieation are slescribed in more detailiri 1.3.1 to 1 3.6.

Licens kabt"af: l-lempel tu$ Lundtoftevej.,450, 2800.Lyng1by

lS0 12s44-t:199S(E)

1.3.1 Type of structure

@ tso

lSo'l 2944 concerns structures made of carbon or low-alloy steel (e.g. in accordance'with EN i002b) of not lessthan 3 mm thickness, which are designed using an approveo srrength calculation.

Not covered by lso 12944 are concrete structures reinforced with sreer.

1.3.2 Type of surface and sur{ace preparation

ISO 12944 deals with the following types of surface consisting of carbon or low-alloy steel, and their preparation

uncoated surfaces:

surfaces thermally sprayed with zinc, aluminium or their alloys;

hotdip-galvanized surfaces;

zi nc-electro plated surfaces ;

sherardized surfaces:

surfact;s pairrted with prefabrication primer;

other prainted surfaces.

1.3.3 Type of environment

ISO 12944 deats with;

six corrosivity categories for atmospheric environments,

three categories for structures immersed in water or buried in soil.

1.3.4 Type of protective paint system

ISO -1 2944 covers a range of paint products whieh dry or cure at ambient conditions.

Not ccvered by ISO 12g44 are:

powder coating materials,

stoving ename!s,

heat-cured paints,

coatings of more than 2 mnr dry-film thicxness,

linings of tanks,

products tbr the chemical treatment of surfaces (e.g. ohosphating solutions).

1-3.5 Type of work

lS0 12944 covers both new work and maintenance.

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See 3.5 and clause 4

The-following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute proVisions of this partof ISO 12t944. At the time of publication, the editions indiiared were valid. All standards are sublept to revision, andparties tcl agreements based on this part of ISO 12944 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent editions of the standards indicated below Members of IEC and l5O maintain regisiers of currLntlyvalid Internatiorral Standards.

ISO 462f-1 "19E\2,

Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Desigitation of intensity,quantity iznd size of common types of defect - Part 1: GeneVat principles and rating ichemes.ISO 462l-2:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Desig4tation of intensity,quantity itnd size of common types of defect - Part 2: Desi{nafion of degree of blistiring.fSO 462i-3:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coating,s - Designation of intensity,quantity and siz:e of common types of defect - ParT 3: Designation of degree of rustiigt.ISO 462E-4: 1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coating,s - Desigrltation of intensity,quantity eznd size of common types of defect - Part 4: Designation of degree of crizciing.f SO 462E-5:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coating.s - Desigrlation of intensity,quantity ztnd size of common types of defect - Part 5: Desig=nation of degree of 1akiigEN 1002{i:1 990, Hot-rolted products of non-alloy structuralsfeels - Technicat detivery conditions.

are given in the other pai-ts of

NioTE"- Some of the definitions have been takerr from lSo8044:1989, Carrosion of metals ancl alloys,-Vocabulary, ancFl"l 971-1:199f,, Paints and varnishes -*Terms ancl definitians for coating materials - pan' 1: C)eneralfernr$, as rndicated

a continuous film of pairrt (3.7), resultihg from a single

1.3.6 Durability of the protective paint systenr

lso 'l29zl4 considers three different durability ranges (low, medium and high).

The dur;rbility range is not a ,,guarantee time',.

2 Normative refef,ences

3 Defirnitions

f-o1tne purposes of ISO 12944, the followinq definitions apply. Additionat definitionstso 12944.

3.1 coat: A crrntinuous layer of rretal materiai orapptication,

3.? conrosion: Physicochemical interaction tletvveen a metalproperties; of the metal and which may often lead to impairmenttechnical system of whieh these form a part. [lSO g044i

and its environment wfrich results in changes ir'' theof the function of the rnetal, the envirorrment or the

3'3 corrosion damage; Corrosion effect which is corrsirlered detrimental toenvtronrnent or the technical system of which these fonr a part. llso 9044]

3'4 eorrcsion stresses; The environmental factors rvlrich promote corrosion.

the fulrction of the metal, the

3'5 dur;rbitity; The expected life of a protective paint system to the first major maintenance painting. See alsa 4 4

3.6 !ining: A protective coating on the inner sudace of a tank"

3,8 protective coating system: The sum total of the coats of metal materials and/or parnts orwhich are trr be applied or which have been applied to a substrate to provide corrosion protection,

3'9 prote'ctive paint system: The sum total of the coats of paints or related products which arewhich have been applied to a substrate to provide corrosion protection,

.,Licens kqbt af: Hernpel*1/S l_r.rcicltoftevej j50, pgtl0 l_yngby

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3'7 paint: A pignrented coating material, in liquid or in paste or powder form, which, whenforms an opaque film having pro'iective decorative or other specific properties. tEN g71-il

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applieQ to a substrate,

felated products

to be applied or

3'10 substrate: The surface to which the coating material is iapplied or is to be applied. IEN 971-1]

4 General considerations and requirements4'1 Since the period during which the protection provided by paint systems is effective is; generally shorter than theexpected seryice life of the structure, due consideration shall be given at the planning Lnd oeiign stage to thepossibility c,f their maintenance or renewal.

4.2 Struct re exposed to c which acorroslon P ssembly shall be n prote,ctand hetrce structure, for the life of thachievedb atingsystems,o etakencornponents from corrosion-resistant material, designi that thspecificatiorr of a corrosion allowance).

4,3 The cost-effectiveness of a given corrosion protection system will generally be in dir,ect proportign to the lengthof tirne for which effective protectLn is maintained, since the anrount oimaintenance or replacement work requiredduring the service life of the structure will be reducecj to a mininrum"

4"4 Ti"re levei of coating failure before the first major rnaintenatlce painting shall be agreed by the ilterested partiesartd strall be assessed in ac;cordance with lso 4628.-1 to ISO 4628,5, unless othenwise agreerl between theirrtereriterrj paft i es.

irr this slanrlard, ciurability sed in terms of three ranqes:

ic'rv (1") 2 to 5 years

tr,rrliunr (1l4) 5 io 15 years

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a "guarantee time". l?urability is a iechnical eonsideration tliai can help iheItrj\rner liett Ltp * maintenart$e progralnnrc. A gilarartee tinre is a consideration that is the lqgal suhlrict of'^|.lilLlsr,'5i in thr:, edrninistrative part-af the c;r:Lntiact" 'Ihe guar'i;rnteu time is usualty shr;.rter than the durabilityrailge, l-i'e'e ere no rufes that rinh the two Dariods of time"

4"5 i:crI ciuality Inanagerneot purposes, the iSO t)000 series of standarris shculd preferal5ly be takerr into accor,iril

.1 Heaith and safety and envirorlrnentari 6rrcrtectlernii is th* dr.ri5;' of ontiactors, paint aiarrufacturer.s.Prcj*ci [n cetrry iclr they are respc)nsible in suchand saietv of ih

inspectors and all other p'ersonnei inv,:lverj iri aa manner that they do not endanger the health

Licsns kabt af: l-lempel*VS Lundtoftevej ,150, 2800 Lyngby

lso 12944-1 :'lB9s{F)

In pursuzrnce of this duty, each parly shall ensLtre that all the statutory requirements of the couptry in which thelrwork, or any paft of their work, is to be carried out are complied with.

NOTE - ltems that will need particular attention are for example:noi specifying or using toxic or carcinogenic substances;

reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)'

measures against harmful effects of fumes, dust, vapours and noise, as well as fire hazards;

protection of the body, including the eyes, the skin, the ears and the respiratory systern;

protection of water and soil during corrosion protection work;

recycling of materials and waste disposal.

6 f nformation on the other pads of ISO 129446' 1 ISO 12944-2 describes the corrosion stresses produced by the atmosphere, lby different types of water and bysoil' lt de,fines atmospheric-corrosivity categories and indicates the corrosion stresses to be expected in situationswhere str-'el structures are immersed in water or buried in soil. The corrosion stresses to which a steel stfucture tsexposed represent one essential parameter governing the selection of appropriate protective paint systems inaccordance with ISO 12944-5.

6.2 ISO 12944-3 gives esign criteria for steel structures for the purpose of improving theirresistance to corrosion. I itable and unsuitable designs, indicating, with the help of diagrams,which structural element elements are likely to cause accessibiiity problems during surfacepreparation work and when applying, inspecting and maintaining paint systems. In addition, desi[n features whichwill facilitate the handling and transport of steel structures are discussed.

6'3 lso'12944-4 des and gives informationctremical and thermal ce preparation graoes(reiughness), assessm of prepared surfaces,ternporarily protected ng metal coatings, Qnaspects. As far as possible, reference is made to the basic International Standards on the surface preparation ofsteel substrates before application of paints and related products. ISO 12944-4 is intended to be read in conjunctionvvilh l-eO 12944-5 and ISO i2.944-7.

G"4 ISO 12944-5 describes different generic types r:f paints on the basis of their chemical colnposition and thetype ol fillm forrnation process. lt gives examples of various proteclive paint systerms that have proveri suitable forr;tt'Ltcturers exposed to corrosive stresses and corrosivity categories described in ISO 12944-i:, reflecting uurrentk';ic;urledg;e r:n atworld-wide scale. ISO 12944-5 is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO '12944-6.

G'S lSO 1?944-6 specifies laboratory test metlrods that are to be used protective paintsystetils is to be assessed" lt is particr.iiarly intendeel for paint systerns for xperience is not

Vers testing of paint systems designed fnr application cleaning, to lrot-and to thermally sprayed nretallic c.ciatings. Atmosph nersion in water

ea water) are also covered.

ti.6 lSO 12944-7 describes how paint work is to be carried out in the workshop or on site. lt desoflbes rnethods fori'l"te application of coaiing materials. Handling and storage of coating materials before application inspection of thewc-rrlt and follow-up of the resulting paint system, as well as ;.rreparation of reference areas, are alsr'.: covered. lt doesnci cover surface preparation work (see ISO 12944^4J"

6.? ISO 12544-8 gives guidance for cleveioping speciflcations for corrosion proterction work, degcribing everythingf hr:t has to be taken into account when a steel struciure is gainst corrosion, For tfre coivenience ofthe user, ISO 12944 project aint system specification, paint workspeciflcation, and ins ication. deal with particular aspects such asplanning of the work, r on, anfl rms intended to facilitate the rryork

5

,Licens kahtaf: Hempel,fuS Lrindisftevej 1S0, 2800 L:ynghv

ISO 12s44-j:i998{87

h) Draw up a plan of work and seiect a method of application (lso 12944-7).i) Establilih a programrne of inspections to be carried out during and after the work (lSC)j) Establish a maintenance programme covering the whole service life of the structrire.NOTE - For detailed pianiring, see ISO j2g44-g, annexes r-- and D.

o tso

b)

c)

d)

e)

Ana:ex A(informative)

GuidelEnes for Llslng ISS 12944 for a given prcject

In order to r:nsure effective corrosion protection, it is important that suitable specifications are writteh for the project(lSO 12944-8), taking the foltowing items as the basis:

a) Analyse or estimate the corrosivity of the environment in the area where the structure is located or is to belocatecl (lSO 1 2944-2).

Establish any special conditions which may affect the choice of paint system to be used (lSO 12944-s).

Examine the design of the structure and make sure that corrosion traps have been avoided and adequateaccess

-has been provided for corrosion protection work. Avoid galvanic corrosion by insulating dissimilarmetals from each other (lSO 12944-3\.

For maintenance painting, assess the condition of the surface to be treated (lSO i2g44-4).

ldentify thosel paint systems with the required durability from those listed as being suitable for the relevantenvironme_nt (lSO 12944-5), or from results of laboratory performance testing if no long+errh experience isavailable (lSO 12944-6).

0 Select, from the paint systems identified, the optimum one, taking into consideration the methotJ of sudacepreparation which wiil be used (tSO 12944_4).

S) Make sure that damage to the environment and all health and safety risks are minimized (lSO'12944-1,lso 12944_8).

12944-7 , tSO 12S41.8)

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Paints and varnishes - Corrosioh

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protection of steel structures by protectivepaint systems

Part 2:Cl assification of environ ments

Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par syslemesde peinture -Partie 2: Classification des environnements

Reference nunrbeTISO 12944'2:1998(E)

Licens kabt,af: tr-lempelA/$ Lunrltoftevej 150; 280fl Lyngbv

ISO 12944-2:'199s(E)

s.t fiare,gories for water and soi!Flrt sirui;lures irnilersed in water or buriecl in soii, corrcrsiof') is norrnally local in nature and corrosivity categories arc;diiiirrult tr: ,lefine Hov,ever. tr"rr the pLrrpclie ot this Internaticrnal Stendard, r,arious enrrironnrents can be ,Jcs:r-ibed:r! tiiDie 2, iifrr+.:er different en,rironrnents are grven tqqether vlith tlreir desiqnations. See 4.2 for mr;re detail

Nll)TE --- l!-i:Ilrany such siluations;, batlrorlir:;rrctectirrri is involirerl arrr.i this shqulcl l-,n borne iri rnino

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ph eric-corrosivify categoq'ies a nd examples af $,pi cal e nvironmenls

Corrosiv'itycategory

ass loss per unit surface/thickness loss(after first year of exposure)

Examples o{ typical environmentsin a temperate climale (informalive only)

on steelThickness

losspm

zMass loss

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Tliicknesslosspm

Exte rior lnte rior

r-1

very low 10 to 200 > 1,3 to 25 >0,7to5 > 0,1 to 0,7 Atmospheres with lowlevel of pollution.Mostly rural areas.

Unheated buildingswhere condensationma'y occur, e.g. depots,sports halls.

r-1medium

> 200 to 400 >25to50 > 5 to'15 > O,7 to 2,1 Urban and industrialatmospheres,moderate sulfurdioxide pollutlon.Coastal areas with lowsalinity.

Production roomswith high humidity andsome air pollution, e.g.food-processing planls,lauridries, breweries,dairies.

a-A

hish> 400 to 650 >50to80 >15to30 > 2,1 lo 4,2 lndustrial areas and

coastal areas wi[h ,moderate salinity.

Chemical plants,swimming pools,coastal ship- andboatyards.

r\R Ivery high(industrial)

> 650 to 1 500 > 80 to 200 >30to60 > 4,?. lo 8.4 lndustrial areas withhigh humidity andaggressrveatmosphere.

Buildings or areaswith almost oermanentcondensation and withhigh pollution.

C5-Mvery.highimaflne)

> 650 to 1 500 > 80 to 200 >30to60 > 4,2 to 8,4 Coastal and offshoreareas with highsalinity.

Buildings or areaswitli almost oermanentcondensation and withhigh pollution.

l'.iOTES-l The loss values ttsed forthe corrosivily categories are identical 1o tho:;e given in ISO 9223,2 lrr_coastal areas in hot, hunrid zones, the rnassj or thickness lossee can exceed the limits of calegory C5-M Special precauticrns mustlir)erefole'Jetaken whenselectingtrprotectivepaintsyslernsforsirucluiesinsuchareas.

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Paints and varnishes - Corrosionprotection of steel structures by protectivepaint systems -Part 3:Design considerations

Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systdmesde peinture -Partie 3: Conception et dispositions constructives

First editi1 998-05-1

Reference nurnberISO 12944-i]:1998(E)

ISQ 1Z94rt-4:1QSS{E)

Contents

1-icens ksbt af: Henrpel Al,S Lundtoftevej 1 50i 2800 Lyngby,

Page

Sr.nno1

I

3

Normative references

Definitions

General 4Types of surface to be prepared ............... 4Surface preparation methods 5Surface preparation grades gSulrface proflle (roughness) and surface profile gradinS ....... 10Assessment of prepared surfaces 10Temporary protection of prepared surfaces from corrosion

and/or contamination ................ 11Preparation of temporarily or parfly protected surfaces

before application of further coatings 1112 Freparation of hot-dip-galvanized surfaces13 Preparation of thermally sprayed metal

(zinc and aluminium) surfaces

14 Preparation of zinc-electroplated and sherardized surfaces15 Flreparation of other coated surfaces1G Rercomrnendations regarding pollution and the environment17 l-leralth and safetyAnnexes

A Standard preparation grades for prirnary (overall) surfacepreparation

Standard preparation grades for secondary (parliai) surfacepreparation

Procedures for removal of extraneous layers and foreignmatter

(0 rso 1e9BAll righls resenred. Untess otfrerwise specified, no part of this publicalion may be reproouceol,:-lLil:,J in.any form or by any means, electronic or mechanicai, inctudirrg photocopying andmrcrolllm, without permission in writirrg from the publisher.

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INTERNATiGE\ALSTANEARD

Paints and varnishes - Gorrosionprotection of steel structurds by protectivepaint systems

Part 4:Types of surface and surface preparation

Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structu4es en acier par sysfdmesde peinture -Partie 4: Types de surface et de preparation de surface

First edition1 998-05-1 5

Reference nrrmbeiISO 12944-4:19s8(E)

Licens karbt ai: l-,lempeltuS Luncltoftevei 15t], ?8fr0 t.yngbv

ISO'12s44-a:1998(E) o tso

Frnnex i\(normative)

Standard prepa!'atlon gnades far primary {overail) surface prepa!'at'on

Key lct syrrnbgl5 q5g6;Sir ,- bli:rril-cieaning (lSO 8501.1)St = hand.1,:i:l or pir.wer-tool cleaning {iSO tiS0i 1)[:l - llanre cl.ianing (lSO e5q1-.1)Be '," acid pickling

A' E' c arrci [J are initial corrciitinns o{ rrncoatec steer surfaces (see lso Bs01-.1 )The reprtxentiltive photogtapltic examples shr:,;,,only surfaces cr sirrfacer afeas thal were previously uncoated,ln lhe r:ase of steei surfacers 'd/ith Painted or urrpairrteri rnelal ::oatings, an analogolrs application of oertain stald6rd preparation gi.eilLasrni:y be agreed, provided thai these are iechnically feaslble urrclcr thE given cor,di-tions.ivliii $cale is considernd to br.' ;:oorly adlrr:ring if it can be iemoveil by liflilg with a blunt pultv knifei-he factc'rs influenr;ilrg assessment sharr! be gh;en parlicurar oorrsirJeratior,

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Standardpreparatio rn

grade 1)

Surfacepreparation

method

Representativephotographicexamples in

lso 8501-12)3)4)

Essential features of prepared surfacesFor further details, including treatment prior to and

after surface preparation (column 2), see ISO 8501-1Field of application

Sal Blast-cleaning(6.2 3)

BSalCSalDSal

Poorly adhering mill s;cale, rust and paint coatingsand foreign matter are removed.5)

The surfacepreparation of

a) uncoated steelsu rfaces;

b) coated steelsurfaces, if thecoatlngs are removedto the extent that thespecified preparationgrade is achieved.6)

Sa2 BSa2CSa2DSa2

Most of the mill scale, rust, paint coatingsand foreign matter is removed. Any residualcontamination shall be firmly adhering.

2%Sa A Sa 2/zB Sa2%C Sa2%D Sa2%

Mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter areremoved. Any remaining traces of contaminationshall show only as slight stains in the form of spotsor stripes.

37)Sa ASa3BSa3UbAJDSa3

Mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter areremoved. The surface shall have a uniform metallrccolour.

st2 Hand- orpower-toolcleaning(6.2.1,6.2.2)

BSt2CSt2DSt2

Poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatingsand foreign matter are removed.5)

qi" BSt3CSt3DSt3

Poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatingsand foreign matter are removed.5) However, thesurface shall be treated much more thoroughly thanfor St 2 to give a metailic sheen arising from themetal substrate.

Be

Fiarnecleenirrg{6.3)

Acid oickling(6.1 .B)

AFIBFIcFlDFI

Mill scale, rusi, prainl coatings and foreign malter areremoved Any remaining residues shali show only asa discoloration of the stirface (shades of different

.colg-urs). _-Mill scale, rust and residues lrom paint coatinE;s areremc.rved aomrrletely. Pi:int coatings shall beremoved prior to acid pickling by suitable means.

Prirlr to hor.dip-galvaniz.ing, irrexaniple

14r

This sur-face preparation gtade can only be achiev'.:d and mairrioiner-j urrcier cer'lain conditions r,vhich it may rrol be possihle lo produceon site.

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First editi1 998-05-

Corrected and re

Paints and varnishes - Gorrosionprotection of steel structures by protectivepaint systems -Part 5:Protective paint systems

Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systdmesde peinture -Partie 5: Systdmes de peinture

Reference riumbefISO'12944-5;1998(E)

', '-'-,! ': , .,,:, r .,Liq'nsftabi:af:,r-rennperA/$. Lundtoftevej is',,zg00Lynguy

iSO 12944-5:1s9s{F)

ISO850l-l:i988

o tso

ISO 8503-2:1988

ISO 12944-t:1998

ISO 12944-2:t998

ISO 12944.4:1998

ISO 12944-6:1998

Preparario, ofsreel subsrrares before apprication ofpainrs and rerared prod,cts -Visual assesstnent of sutfoce cleanliness _Part l

" Rust grades and preparation grades ofuncoared sreer sr.tbstrares and oJ'sreelsubstrates afler overall removal of pivious coatinps.

ted products -

leaned steel _

Paints and vqrnishe's -- Coftosion prolection of sleel slruclures by proteclive painlsys/ems - Part L' General introduction

Paints and varnishes - corrosion protection of sleel slructures by prolective paintssyslems - Parl 2: Classification o1[environments.

Paints and varnishes - Coruosion protection of sleel structures by proteclive painlsyslenrs - Part 4: Types ofsurface and sudace preparation.

Paints and varnishes - Corrosion proleclion of steel structures by protective paintsystems - Part 6: Laboratory pedormance test nethods.

The property of a coating material which permits the apptication of a coat of greater thickness than usually consideredasnormaf fcrrthattypeofcoating.Forthep.r.po*r.ofthispartoflsO 12944,ahismeans>g0pmdryfilmthickness.

3.2 tligh-sotid

A term used to describe paint materials with a greater than normal volume of solids.

3 DEF'INITIONS

This clause covers those expressions which are used in this part of ISo 12g44 and.not covered by ISO 12g44-l .3.1 High-build

J.J Compatibility

(I) of pioducts in a paint system:The ability c''f two or more products to be used in a paint system without causing undesirable effecrs.(iI) t-rf a proctuct with tne substrate:'rhe ability of a produci io be appiied to a substraie wiihoui causing unciesirabie effecis.3.4 Prinring coat(s)

The first ooa{(s) of a paint system, obtained by application of a primer.

Prirning coats provide go.cl aclhesion to sufficiently rougherred, cleaned metal and./or cleaned old coating, ensuring asolr*d base fi:rr and offering adhesion to the subsequent coats. They normally also provide corrosion protection dur.ingthe o'yercoating interval anil the whole service lil.e of.the paint svstern.

J.5 Intermediate coat(.s)

Coat(s) betlvr:t:n priming and 1op coat(s).

NOTE I ril the E'glish language, the ter-rn "undercoat" is someljmes used sy'onymous)y, normally for a coatapplied direcrly before the top coltlsi

2

i "i :i Licensksht'.at-:t'renaperA/s LuncrtoftevejisO,2g0!-ynghy:",, . : ,:, . :.

ISC 12944-5:19sS{F)

:t,6 Top coat(s)

The last coat(s) of a paint system, designed to protect the coats beneath from the envirorunent, to contr.ibute to t.verall conosio' protectio' offered by the system and to give the requisite colour,

r./ llecoat

A coat designed to improve intercoat adhesion and,/or avoid certain defects during application.

3.8 Stripe coat

A supplementary coat applied to ensure adequateprotection of critical areas like edges, welds etc.

3.9 Dry film thickness @FT)T'he thickness of a coating remaining on the surface when the coating has hardened.

3.10 Nominal dry fitm thickness (NDFT)The dry film thickness specified for each coat or for the whole paint system to achieve the required duLability.

3"11 Maximum dry film thickness

The highest acceptable dry film thickness above which the performance of the paint or the paint system mayirnpaired.

3,12 Primer

A paint that has been formulated for use as a priming coat on prepared surfaces, commonly under subsequent coats.

3.13 Pre-fabrication primer

A fast-drving paint that is applied to the blast-cleaned steel of a structure to protect the steel during fabrication rvhisfill allowing the steel to be weldecl.

NOI'E 2 7n rnany Ianguages, the term pre-fabrication primer does not have the same meaning as in Iinglish.-3.14 Pot life'fhe rnaximum time during which a coating rnaterial suppliecl as sepa.ate components should be usecl after they havel,-een mixed together.

3.:[5 Shclf tife

T?re time riuring which a coating material, will remain in gcod condition when stored in its original seaied conrainersunclel normal storage conditions.

NorE 3 The expression "notmal storage conditions" is usually understood to mean storage betweerr #3 ocand -t-30 oC.

3.16 lzOC (volatile organic compound)FTndamenlally, any organic liquid and/or solicl that evaporates spontaneously at the prevailing ternperature a'dprossure of the atmosphere witir rvhioh it is in contact.

As tc current usage of the term voc in the fiercr cf coa.ting materiars see 3,r?.

- .-,tr'icens.ksbt af: tlernBe'l A/S Lundtoftevej 158, 280 Lyngby

ISO 12944-{i:199S{E) o lso

3.17 VO{l content (volatile organic cornpound content/VGCC)

The mass of the volatile organic compounds present in a coating material, as determined under specified conditions

NOTE 4 'fhe exact interpretation of the word "volatile" will depend on the sphere of application of the coatingmaterial and the conditions ai the place of appiicatron. For each sphere of application, the limitrng values of the VOC

content and th,e methods of determination or calculation are stipulated by regulations or by agreements,

4 TYPES OF PATNT

The followingl generic types of paint are widely used in paint systems for the protection of steel strucfures againstcorrosion. Typical binders for these paints are mentioned in the following sub-clauses. Many other modifications orcombinations of thenr will also be possible.

NOTE J The information given hereafter concems only the chemical and physical properties of paints and not theway they are used. The limits given for drying and curing temperatures are indicative only. Variations can be expectedfor each type ,of paint depending on its formulation.

4.1 Air drying paints

The film hardens by evaporation of organic solvents or water followecl by reaction of the binder with oxygen in the air'

Typical binders are:

- alkyd;- uretharne alkyd;- epoxy ester.

The drying tirne will depend, among other things, on the temperatufe. The reaction with oxygen can take place down to0 'C, although at low temperatures it is much slower.

4"2 Physically drying paints

Eormulations of these paints can be solvent-borne or water-borne.

4.2.I Solvent-borne paints

The film Cries by evaporaiion of the solvents. Thr; process is reversitlle, i.e, the dry fihn refitains soluble in ils origirialsolvents.

Typicai bintir:rs are:

- chlorinated rubber;- vinyl chloride copolyniers (also known as PVC);-_ acryli,c resins;_' bitrimen.

The drying time will depel,C, among other things, on air movement arrd temperature. Drying can take place dovin to0 'C. although at low ternperatures it is much sio"'rer.

4.2.2 Water-bornc paints

In these paints the binder is dispersed in water

The fllm hardens by evaporation cf rvater anC film forming (eoalescr:nce) of the dispersed binder.

The I'rocess is not reversible. i.e, this fype of coa.iing is not ledispelsible in water after drying.

4

:,/ . Licens,kebta'l: l{enrpelfu-S Lundtoftevej'150, 2800 Lyngby

flSG 12944-5:i998(E)

Typical binders are:

- acrylic dispersions;- vinyl dispersions;

polyurethane dispelsrons.

The drying time will deper.rd, among other things, on air movement, relative humidity and temperature. Drying can takeplact: down to +3 'C, although at low temperatures it is much slower.

4.3 Chemically curing paints

In general, this fype of paint consists of a base component arrd a curing agent component.

The paint film cures by evaporation of solvents, if present, and subsequent chemical reaction between the base and thecururg agent component.

The types given in 4.3.1,4.3.2 and 4.3.3 are in use.

4.3.11 Epoxy 2-pack paints

Base componenl

The binders in the base component are polymers having epoxy groups which react with suitable curing agents.

Typ.ical binders are:

- epoxy;- epoxy vinyl/epoxy acrylic;- epoxy combinations (e.g, epoxy hydrocarbon resins or epoxy coal tar).

Forrnulations can be solvent-bome, water-bome or solvent-free.

Epoxies chalk when exposed to sunlight. If colour or glossr retention is required, the top coat should be ari aiipharicpolyurethane (4.3.2) or a suitable physically drying type (4.2)"

Curing agenl iomponent

Pol5raminoutllines (polyamines), polyaminoamides (polyamides) or adducts of these are most commorrl)/ tlsed.

Pcllrav6i6tss afe more suitable for primers because of their good wetting propefiies. Polyamines lead to coatings u'hicirare generally more resistant to chemicals.

Cuiing does iiot require exposure to air. Thc diying tirle will depend anrongst other things on air movemettt anri c'n Lhetemlpcrature. The curiErg reaction can taks place dcrvn l.c -15 "L.

4,3'Z Folyurethane 2-pack pairrts

Ecse component

The binders are polymers with free trydroxyl groups which react with suitable curing agents.

Fotrnulations can be solvent-borne or solvent-free.

Typical binders are:

__ polyester;- acryIate;- epoxy;.- poiyether;- fluoro resin.

' Licens,ksht af:,HempelFJS Lundtoftevei 150, 2800 Lyn:gby

tSC 12944-5:1998{E)

C u ring ag ent c o illp oil ext

Aromatic or aliphatic polyisocyanates are most comnonly used.

Aliphatic-polyisocyanate-cured products have excellent gloss-retention and colour-retention properties if combinedwith a suitabie base component.

Aromatic-polyisocyanate-curing agents give faster drying but are less suitabie for exterior exposure, tending to chalkand discolour rnore rapidly.

Curing does not require exposure to air. Ilowever, the drying time will depend, among other things, on air movementand temperafure. The curing reaction can take place down to 0 "C, or lower, but the relative humidify should preferablybe kept within t;he paint manufacturer's recommended range to ensure coatings free from bubbling and pinholing,

4,3.3 Moisture curing paints

The film dries by solvent evaporation. It cures chemically by reacting with moisture from the air.

Typical types are:

- pollurethane (1-pack);- alkyl si'licate, e.g.- ethyl silicate (2-pack);- ethyl silicate (1-pack).

The drying time will depend, amongst other things, on the temperature, the air movement, ttre humidity and the filmthickness. Thq curing reaction can take place down to 0 oC, or lower, provided that the air still contains moisture. Thelower the rela{ive humidity, the slower the curing.

It is irnponani that manufacturers instructions regarding the limits for moisture, relative humidity and wet and dry filmthickness are (:omplied with in order to avoid bubbling, pinholing, detachment etc. in the coating.

4.4 Geirera! properties of different generic types of paint

Fttrl.her inf.rrn{ration is given in aunex C, This informative annex is intended only as an aid to seleetion, but if it is r.rsedit sfrail be useil in combinaiion with the tables iri annex A, rranut-achrrers published data and information from previousplo.jects.

r,A)tN.I' SYSTEMS

{Jl4ssificatiou ofenviron,nents and surfaces to he painted

5, 1.1 Cleissification of environrnents

In accorda.ircd.wittr ISO 12944-.2 the environmerrt is divided into the lbllowing categories:

Six a"tmoslihdric. u'on osivity categoliesC1 ve:iy lswC,2 iou'C_3 tnediumC4 highC5-i viry triglL (inCushial)C5-Izl 'very high (rnarine)

Three categoiies for water and soillml iurmersion in fresh u,aterIm2 irlrmersion in sea or blackisii waterIm3 buLried in soil

@ tso

5

5.1

, ,l-icens ksbt af: He'rnpelpVS Lundtoftevei 150,'2800 Lvngby

ISO 12944'5:1998{E)

5,1.2 Surfares to bc painted

5.1.?:.1 I\e'n,structures

The paint systems listed in amex A are related to surface preparation grades Sa 2t/zattd St 2. For steel surfaces prepared

to St 2, rust grade C as defined in ISO 8501-l is the reference grade, The roughness of a surface is generally expressed

as th,e height of the major peaks relative to the nrajor valleys. A method for grading the surface profile of abrasive blast-

ciea;ned steel is described in ISO 8503-2

The paint systems listed in amex A are typical examples of systems used in the environments defined in ISO 12944-2'

No r;orrosion protection is required for items in corrosion category C1. If painting is necessary for aesthetic reasons, the

systrems jn table A.2 (corrosion category C2) may be used.

The mechanical ol chemical surface treatrnent required for hot-dip-galvanized surfaces is described in IS O I 2944-4 '

S.l|2.2 Maintenance

For maintenance ofpreviously coated surfaces, the condition ofthe existing coating and the surfaces shall be checkedusin,g suitable methods, e.g. ISO 4628,to determine whether partial or complete repainting should be carried out' The

fype of surface preparation and protective paint system shall then be specified. The paint manufacturer should be

consulted for recommendations. Test areas may be prepared to check the manufacturer's recommendations.

5.2 Type of primer

Tab,les A.1 to A.9 in annex A give information on the type of primer to be used, and indicate whether the primer lszino-rich or based on other pigments. For zinc-rich primers, the minimum zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile

portion of the paint shall be S-O "2" Uy mass (m/m), both for organic and inorganic binders. T'his frgure is the basis for

the durabitities given for the paint systems with zinc-rich primers in tables A.l to A.8. The zinc dust pigment shallcomply with the requirements specified in ISO 3549.

NOTE 6 A method for the determination of the zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile portion of paints isdescribed in ASTM D 237 1-85 , Standard Test Method for Pigmenl Content of Solvent-Reducible Painls .

NO,Ttr 7 Some countries have national standards with a minimum content higher than 80 % by mass (m/m) Ahigher zinc dust pigment content genei-ally improves the durability of paint systems.

5"3 Low-VOC paint systems'i'hr: examples listed in annex A include paint systems with a lolv VOC content der;igned to rneet requirements fbr lorvemission of solvents.

For each corrosivity category one or rwo separate ta.hles indicate tvhether the paints for the paint systems listed are

av4ilablq as waier-bome materials, or as a l-pack or 2-pack. Several of the paint systems listed can inelude cither high-

solids or water-borne paints for both the primer ancl tlie top coating materials, or a combination of'high-solids and

water-borne paints

5.4 Drv film thickness

t)ehnirions of clry film thickrress (DF'f) and nominal dry'film thickness (NDFT) are given in clause 3.

Film thicknesses indicated in the tabies in annex A are nominal dry film thicknesses. Dry fihn thicknesses are getlerally

checkerl on the cornplete paint system. Where ludged appt'opriate, the dry film thickness of the priming coat or of otherparts of ths paint system rnay be meesured ,-purut"ly. Deperrding on the inslrument calibration, measurerient method

a.nrJ fibn thickness, the roughness of the steel surface will have a different degree of influence on the tneasurenrelltresuit,

Methods for the measLlrement cf film thickoess are clescibed in ISO 2808. The procedure for checking norninal dryfihn thicknesses (irrstruments, calibration, and any allowance to be made for the contribution o1'the surface roughnessto the result) shall be agteed between the interested parties.

Licens kobt af: l,{empeliVS l-r-lncltoftevej 150, 28flS !-yngby

trate before preparation;surlace preparatlon;

the condition of thethe effbctiveness ofthe standard ofthe ication work;the conditions during pplication;the exposure conditi after application,

The condition of the paint sin compiling the tables in

@ lso

Unless agreed othelwise, indi'f,idual dry f,rlm thicknesses of less than 80 % of the nonrinal dry film thickness are llot

acceptable. Unless agreed othJrwise iniividual values befween 80 % and 100 % of the nominal dry filnr thickness areacceptable providecl that the of,erall average (rnean) is equal to or gtealer than the nominal dry film thickness'

Care shall be taken to achidve the nominal dry film thickness ancl thickress' lt isreconrmended that the niaximJm dry film thickness is not greater than 3 ss' In the case ofexcessive maximum dry fllm ihi.kn..r, expert agreement shall be fouri ducts or systen'lswhich have a critical maximum dry filn thickness or, in special cases, t manufacturer'stechnical data sheet shall be observed.

The number 0,f coats and the {ry fitm thicknesses quoted in annex A are based on the use of airless spray application.Application by roller, brush or conventional spraying equipment will produce lower fihn thicknesses, and more coatswill be needecl to produce the pame dry film thickness for the system. Consult the manufacturer for more information.

5.5 Durability

ISO i2944-15:1998(E)

Definitions o1'both durability and durability ranges are given in ISO 12944-1.

The durabiliqr of a protective int system depends on several parameters, such as:

the typ,e of paint systethe desiign of the st

reasons of co rrosion protect once the coatins has reached the level Ri 3 as defined in ISO 4628-3

Based on this precondition, ity has been indicated in this parl of ISO 12944 in terms of three ranges;

tem applied can be assessed by means of ISO 4628-1 to ISO 4628-6' It has been assumed

.* R ittot the first major maintenance painting would normally need to be carried out for

Disadvanttrgesal }:ossible limitation of the size of the building compolierrlsb) Darnage due to handling, transpofi and ereciiono) Over"coaiing time can be exceededC) Possillie contamination of the last coat

'Ihe durability range is not "guarantee time". Durabitity is a technical consideration that can help the o"*'nel set ltp ai'naintenairce prograrnm,e. A uarantee time is a corrsideration that is the legal subject of clauses in the administtative

lovz (L)medium (N4)high (H')

part $f: the coniract. T'heperiods of time,

h4.rinlenance is cftenfor aresthr,tic clr other reas

5.6 Strron and site a

'l'o ensure rnaximum nelfosystem, should pr"aferably

Arlvanfagesa) .FJetter control ofapplb) (lontrolled temperatuc) (-jontroiied relatived) Easier repail of da.rne) Gr eater outpnt

2ta55 to 15 earsmore t I 5 years

tee tirrre is usually shor:ter than the durabilit-v range. There are no rules that link the two

at mcre f.requegt inteivals becausc of f'acling, chalking, coniaminatio-rr or wear atid'rear, or

ication

ance of a paint system, thr.r nrajority of the coats of the system ol, iipossible, the complete

appliediltheshop The:iclvantagr:sandcltsadvantagesofshopapplicaticrrareasfollows:

f) Retter waste and pol

'Licens kobt af: HernpelA/S Lundtoftevej 150, 28S0 Lyngby

ISO 12944-5:1998(E)

After conrpletiol of fabrication on site, any darnage shall be touched up and the cornplete stntcture can then be coated

with the final coat of the paint system.

Site application of the coating system wiil be strongly influenced by the daily weather conditrons which will also have a

cefiain influence on the expected lifetime.

If preloaded bearing type connections are to be painted, paint systems shall be used which do not lead to anunacceptable decrease in the pr:eloading force. The paint systems selected and/or the precautions taken for suchco6ections will depend on the fype of structure and on subsequent handling, assembly and transportatton.

llables for paint systems

The tables given in annex A give examples of paint systens for several environments' The paints used for all these

systems shall be suitable for the highest corrosion stress of the given corrosivity or inrmersion category. The specifrer

shall have access to documentatron, or a statement frorn the paint manufacturer, conhrming the suitability or the

durability of a paint system in a given corrosivity or immersion category. If required, the suitability or durability of the

pairrt system shall be demonstrated by experience and/or artificial-ageing tests in accordance with ISO 12944-6 or as

othr:rwise agreed.

For paint systems based on new products or when no experience has been obtained with a particular system, the patttt

sysl;em shatl be tested at least in accordance with ISO 12944-6 and meet the requirements given.

The paint systems have been listed in the tables using two different principles:

a)

b)

In tables A.l, A.5 and A.9, which list systems for more than one corrosivify categoly (table A.l and A'5 arereferred to in the following as "summarizing tables"), the systems have been arranged according to the binder

used in the top coat. This arrangement is rnore convenient when the performance properties of the top coat are to

be taken as the basis for the ryrt"- selection, and for comparison of the overall durability of paint systems formore than one corrosivity category when the corrosivity category is not known exactly'

ln tables A.2, A.j,A,4, A.6, A.7 ancl A.8,lvhich list systems for one corrosivity category only (referred to in the

following as "individual tables"), the systerns have been arranged according to the binder used in the priming

coat. This arrangement is oonvenient for users who know exactly the corrosivity category of the environment to

which their structute is exposed.

NCtTEt8 The pairrt svstems listecl have been choserr taking into accbunt sysiems ltsed as "fypical systenls"sel.eral couutries. ihis has necessarily led to sorne systems being iisted which are not typical in other couutries' ittreern concluded, hcrwever, that a simple overyiew cannot be given, nor can all options be covered.

NOTE 9 ln several eases, systoms have beel lncluded with more coatsbut no increase in expected durability' 'theapplication of more coats ;11ay b. n."".rury, and wil'be cost-efficient in particular cases (see also iSO 12944"1, sub-ciause 4.r't.

If a specilier intencis to make use of the paint systems listed in tl.re tables, he should first decide whether he rvrli usepaiilt systerns from summarizing tables or-tiom irrdividual tables because fhe system nurntreling rs different in the fivo

tyfles crf table.

All exarnples of palnt systems for con'osivir.y categones C2, C3 and C4 are given in table .A. l. 'iables A 2, A''3 antl A'4

sh6w separltely the same paint systems f", *u"i, of these conosivity categories, A paint system is not showtr intatile A.2 if ii is sho.ln as having a ciurabiiil'y classification "high" in table A,3. Likewise, a paint systcm is not sh{}r''II lil

tatrle A,2 or A.3 if shovun as "ltish" in talrle A-.4.

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Table A,2: Pziint systents for c.or.rosjvity catcgory C2'J'hc paint r;1'stems given irr the following table are only exarnples. Other painl sl,stenrs having lhe sume perforrnance arc possible.Ifthese exanrples are used' it shall be Jnsured that tlie paint systenrs choscn cornpJy rvith the indicared durability wheD executrorr ot thc painrplace as sprecified. See also 5.7.

lurS1 r-usl dinISOS50l-iist],ereltrenceg.rade lrrSr2%rusigrade/r.ItorCasitetinedills(lg-sulZr {P') 7-i:, 5.2, i,iis,,.: }v{is,:eiiirricur.rn- iypcs ;ii-aniir;oirosivr prenrents.l',lDI'I l.lot ickne;s. liee, -5.,1 i?.r firtLrci rieLrrtrll i.; rc.:.rrrrnehd.:t! that cornpaiibrlitv iri chr:rt:t:rl rziLh flr,: niiiir( rnan,tiact''r .llct:l'r'rr ''trtiglorstEtel)ti(,fli)lJqLl:'.''.i,it,irr)cr)r)rn,enJirilh:rr.rlrc.:r{:cu,rrslrtrrll,Jl*hascduaallph:rtir!,lJpiloi- :xpiartrtion oiabbroviatiorrs. scc ii:nt cf La.,lc.

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PaintS ys tenr

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Prinring coat(s) 1'op coat(s) includingintermediate coat(s)

Paint systcnn Expcctcd durability(see 5.5 and ISO I 2944-l )

sr2 Sa 2Y B i nde16l Type ofpr i nrer2)

Numberof coats

NDFTJ

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NDFTJJpnt

Numberof coa ts

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3)

1j)l

i,;.f.;i=lI;l-I,',",*.::"]]]:..l;'.I|.?,.'iuJ;,i],.:l:]:'f..:".'"grae,Fc,rl;?,13i l:illl. '',':, l,in::, sc-e j,2, rvlisc = Misc..lar,eou" ;;?;;;,t,;;;;;,,,;;;,:il;l!I]Fl -. |1,-r11-ri1sl Ury Filni 't h::kiress, S"" S i f", i.,.,'f*, AJ,",ls"tt.ls Leuoffrrn,euded ,Iai compatibiiity is checke.J vrith tht pajnt maDLltaciureiorl, ll;l:: :::.|l1f:l,::::::i',,T requir_ed, it i,,.",",,.""iJ,t Lhut rh- i,,,r coal sh!,i,!,i be l,a.seci on airphatic pUR

fl:rt']ll, rrc LU.r),lilHl< paini sysLcm carr be adjusi;.J by subsrilucni coatsi t is r(corrilerrde d thai one ot trre intcmr:diate coats ii l,sed JS ,- tie cirarFrri esnlarrrri trr . r1' abbreviation:-. scc lboL of tahle

PaintS ys1 eol

No.

lS u rfaccpreparatiun

:qra d el )

Priming coat(s) Top coarlnlcrme

ls) incluliatc cor

Ing(s)

Paint system Expccted durabilitr(see 5.5 and ISO 12941-l)

St Sa 2'/, Binder 6) 1'ype ofprinre12)

NDFTr)!nt

B i nder8) F"''*I

or coats ] NoEl

lrmof coa

N urnbel

of coats

3

'.1'o ta I

NDFT]pm,

t20

Lorv M cdiurn H igh

i3.0 t

AK M isc

2 80

AK

I 40i3 02 x 2 80 I

1-2

40 2-t

3Jl

120s3 03 X 2 803.04 X

80 1602 80 l-7 80 2-tl 160s3 052 80 a-) z0 3 200

I06s3 07

2 80 2-3 z0 3 2002 80 AY,CR,PVC4) 2-3 z0 3-j 200

3,08 x 2 80 2-3 60 3-ji 240s3.09 1 80 BIT 4) 2 60 1-1. 240g1l!s3.ll

AY, CR, PVC

l-2 80 2 60 3-4 2402 80

AY, CR, PVC80 34 t60-l tl

t-2 80 t-2 80 ) 160)J. IJ x 80 120 200S3 t4

80 160 240

EP

I 160 AY 40 2 '200i3.t680

EP, PUR5)

40 z-J t20s3. 17 I-2 80 t-2 80 160 ''It8s3.i9

l-2 80 2-3 t20 3-5 20080 2:3. 160 3-5 :::.240

s3 20 EP, PUR

zn (R)

80 l-2 80

7)) EP, PUR6)40 EP, PUR5) :iI20.,' l,:".16A'.'.

x 40 2-.t 160 l-{ 200

sJ.24 I---

s-.1..',2-< |-,*'-*--+st :5 |

x 40 AY, CR, PVC I-2 120 . I60X 40 160 3-4 200

80 lr 80K 80 AY (]F., PVC t-2 80 160

80 20 34 200 rDmmm

id)

Watr:rbolrs

;cssjb I

80 I]P, PUR5) 80 2-3 16080 t20 200

z'tzr irrrs t(.r piruling roat(s) PairN";i.."

lL"q.-l

rts (ltqu.

-r;tJ l---,--J2-oack I

.r,1"."*_Wflte r-l,i 0nle

Iros:riblc

tsinde rs for top :{rnt(s) Paints (li',lo ofcon-,por,elts

X

I

X!,

X

X

I;

x

xx

t.0

ci1!. tll e

Licerrs kahi af: Henrpel*\/S Luncltoftevej .tS0, 2g00 Lyrrgby

ISO't 294{t-S:'l $9S{E)

rhe painr.sysrerns gi'en ," ,n..,""11?.,, ,,lilj:"i l;..llil:8,.,iJ:il,:,l"rl,:"i1il;iJJ?.::::"-,ll]:,i,:nce are possibre

,1j::::ilili"1i :';ii::';!'n'" o' "","1-,;";;;";;trr svsrems choscn cc,r.ply wirh rl,e indicared durabiriry,r,ht:n execLrrrorr of the Paint rvork Lakcs

'.2 ).r)4)5)6)

t)8)

Li

()l-j is riie rcferonce giade.neorrs type,i ci antjccirosive pigmentsrlher dc_talls.

r the paint manufac:furcr,iijed that the last coat shnuld bc basetl ol aliphaticvided that tire Ep or pUii ,t inc rich prrnter crrttsenSuLj!.,r t::I C,lalj.

PU]{,is suitable for sucLr an NDFT In this case. tlrc

,. ,n ,cL.uUrrrLe!loco tnat one oi rhe lntermediaic ,oals is ,ra"Oll ,, ,i",rriPr,r cz1;i;rnation ufabbre.,iations, ser fbct of,trble.

PaintSyslem

No.

l4--ir

S urfaccp rrpa ration

gradel)

Prirning coat(s) 'lop coat(s) incluinlcrnediatc co:

rng(s)

Expected dunrbiliii'(sec 5.5 und ISO 12944-t )

Sr2 Sa 2t/z B indo18) Typc ofpr imer2)

Numberof coats

NDFTJ)

[mB inderu) N urrbe

of coats

2-3

NDFl'])pnl

120

LOW Mcdium I High

AK

M isc

11 80 AKYI?s4.03

2002 80 B I't-4) 2 160 L40

80 200 l-5 2E0Ygs4.05

2 80 AY, CR, PVC4 2-3 120 2002 80 2-1 160 3-5 ?_40s4 06 X

AY, CR, PVC2 80 BIT 4]

s4.072 r60 t-4 240

-2 80 2-3 200 J-f 280a0814.09

x80

AY, CR, PVC2-3 120 J-l 200

II

80 z-) 160 3-5 2404't0 xx

EP

s4.1 1160 I 40 2 2.00

:4.12i60 I 120 2 280

2 80

EP, PUR5)

120 200s4. l3 x l-2 80s4.1 4 x

x

2-3' 160 3-5 240

S4 5l-2 80 2-3 200 280

80

40

J

Licens ksht af: l-lempet ,A/S l_ilncltoftevej 1Stt, 2B0Ci Lyngby

lscr r?944-5:.t998(E)

Tab.le A.5: Paint systen.rs slrntmarizcd lbr ror.rosirril)r catcsor.es C5_l and C5_Ml'1'he paint syr;tenrs givcn in the tbllowing table are only, exarrples Othcr paint systcms having tlre sanre pcrlbrmaltce arc possibleiiji::;::']i:T,J:..:i::,;;:'..',u.Jn,u,"a_iioiii"l,i"..,,.",",cllosencotlp|ywi|htheindlcatedtlurab|ity

o tso

the

;;-2i.r)

4)

-il

6)!)

h)

9)

t0)ii)!2)111

i-or Sa ?.Z nrst gr-ade A, B or (. as liolined in ISO g50j I is the refe.rericc gracie.iir:r expli:irra.tion of ai:breviafions, see {bol of table.olrl!s,v plgrirenr

or i,l_f Ii zini: r tch pri mcr ohose' is s uita ble {br srrr:h aa NDFT., ln th::; ; :ise

c;rl sliottid trr,lrase' on aliphatic PUR.

-! he firsi lflhe abbreviarjons rerari:s ro the inLerrrediate coai anLr rh, i:,!ter t/l tirc torl cilat,l- - low, lVi = mcdiun, H - hign.

fl.rl;tenrs fr;r Cl5-l r:arr oflen be used irlr C5-lr4 blt uvith a rcdlti:eC +lurahiliir,.''j'/slgms hr c5 M can ofrer he userr frl (----5-r L)ur *itt, u,, ;".-i.r..ri,ir,r"u;r;,,

ifr

PaintSystcnl

t\ 0.

S u rtacep rep a ration

gra del )

Priming coat(s) Top coat(s) includinginternrcdiatc coat(s)

Paint syslcm [)xp ec tcddurabilityll)[s(:e 5,5 and

IS0 12944-1)c5-l I cs-M

Cor rts-p0ndingpaint sl,stcmnunrbct in

ta blcs

A6 lr '7

?) l3)

st2 Sa Tt/t Binder 2) Type olprimerl.

Misc

! DI- T{Frn

E] i nde12)

f coatl\DFT4

Itnof coaNltmbeof coatu

Io1 alNDFT4

pnn

L M H L M n

s5.01 CR l-2 80

120 CR, PVC

2 t20 i4 200 16.0 I s? 0ls5.02 X EP, PUR5) 2 l-2 80 3-4 200 i6 02s5-01

ES]6) Zn (R

I 80 3 200 4 280 i6 07s5 04 X 80 4 240 5 320 s6,l Is5.05

EP, PUR5)

40 EP + CR lo) 2 200 3 240 s7 08s5.06 x 40 3-4 280 A< 320 s7 09s5.07

40 2 t20 J 160 6s5.08 x EP, PUR M isc 80 2 120 3 200 s7 02s5.09 x EP, PUR5) Zn (R) 40 3 200 4 240 s6.06 s7,07s5 l0 ESt6) 80 EP, PUR?) 2-4 60 3-5 240 s6,09 s7. t2s5.1 1 X EP, PUR Misc 80 3 204 ^ 280 s6.03s5 l2 x ESI6) zn (R) 80 3 200 4 280 \o l0S5 J x 80 240 3-5 ?tn i6 08 s7.t4S5 x

EP, PUR Misc

50 150

240

2 300 s7,03!s,1iSlJ If;

80 J-9 _ 320.'' s6,04 s7.04x 250 250 2 500 06s( 1?

ESI6) zn (R) 80 Ep+CTEe)l 0) ?00 : 3 280: .s5.t8 CTV9) At8) 100 CT\'9) 2 200 .J 300s5 *9 EP, PTIR Misc. 400 400: s7 01L: 70 X EP, PUR5) zn (R) 40 CTV9) 3 360 4 00s5.27 CTEg) lvl r sc t00 C'I E9) 2 2C0 00 s7,t6

2 x !,P, PLTR5) zn (R) 4C : lreo 4 400 ill|iltl ,s7 t!Hir,lri{ir.s for prinring r:o:

. _;::-_. ChLo111

rt(s) Fain f s---N".;--

componerirs

-pack | 2-oack

lrsqt)---_-WaLer-borle,

possi ble

Bindcrs for top cnat(s) $sliil.--V"'algi -bornr

ated rubLer v_ -:__ Acrylic4-;:+-,:J

IPolvurtllth','i sioal taC-oal ta

v. It . Chlu;irated rLibber)tnaDe

I:e!":--_- _._,._firly.l_._-_..__-.__9PeLv_*__.*-*

I {tP EpoxyX UR - Polyureihane x

x VC = Polvvinvl chlorideX :11-V ', Coal lar vinvl - -.t

TI'l . Coul Lat sDo):\

Licens ksbt af: l-lemnel i\/S l_urndtofterrej 180, ZB00 Lvnghv

lSfi 'l ;1944-5 : 1 .998{E)

'i'able A.6: Print s1'sterns 1or co:.ros!r,ily category {15_1

The painl systerns givcll in tlte follorving table are only exanrples othcr paint systcnrs having the sanrc perforprancc are possible.lfthese examples are used, jt shall bc ensured that tlrc painL sysLenrs chosen comply with rhe indicated durability whcn execution ofthe pai[t rvork takcsplace as specified. See also 5.?,Paint

SystenlNo.

Su rfa cepreparation

gra del)

Priming coat(s) Tnp coat(s) including intermediatccoat(s)

Paint s5r511a1 Expectcd durability(see 5.5 und

lso 12944-l)Sa 2t/z tJtrd,er/ | Type of

primer2)Numberof coats

NDFTJ)

Fm

tJ rnder /, Numberof coats

NDFT3)

Frn

Numberof coats

TotalNDFT])

iltn

Low Mediun High

s6.01 CR

Mrsc

t-z 80 AY, CR, PVC 2 t20 J-+ 200s6.02 X

EP, PUR

2 20 l-2 80 3-4 200s6.03 80

EP, PUR4)

3 200 ^ 280s6 04 1 80 3-4 240 4-6 320s6.05 EP, PUR5)

Zn (R)

40 ) t20 ) 160s6 06 X 40 3 200 A 240s6 07

ES16)

80 AY, CR, PVC 3 200 zaos6 08 x 80

EP, PUR4)

24 240 3-5 320s6,09 I 80 2-4 160 3-5 240s6.10

I 80 3 200 4 280s6.1 I .l '80 AY, CR, PVC 24A l

Binders :[or primiing coat(s) Paints (liquid) Binders for top coat(s) Paints (liquid)No. of components Water-

bomepossible

No. ofcommnents

Water-bome

rossi blr| -nack 2-pack

I -pacl ?-packCR = Chlorinated rubber x CR .= Chlorinated rubber xEP = Epoxi x AY : Acrylic xtthyl stltcate x x PVC : Polyvinyl chloride

PUR Polyurethane x EP Epoxy xPUR : Polyurethane x

gradeorrosl./e prgments

coat should be based on aliphatrc pURorPUR zinc rich pnmerchosen is surtabje forsuch anNDFT !n lhis cas-e, tlre

!)

Licens kaht af: Hempel,r\/S Luncltoftevei i5{1, 2S{J0 Lvngby

lsc 1 29ri,:tr-5:1 99S{E)

ilable A.7: Faint sS,stents for corrosivity caiegor'1, [g-ffi'fhe paint systctlls givcn in the tblloiving table are only examples. Othel painL systerns having the sanrc perfornrarrceIfthese exarrples are used, it shall be ensured tha( the paint syslems chosen cornply u,lth the indicated clurabilityplace as specificd, See also 5.7,

o tso

are possiblc,when execntion of the paint work takes

PaintSystrrn

No

S u rfacepr cp arati on

gradel)

Priruing coat(s) Top coat(s) including intermcdiatecoat(s)

Paint systcm Expccted durabilifi'(sce 5.5 andrso 12944-r)

sr2 Sa 2tA B inder I u Type o[prime12)

Nunrbcrof coats

NDFT3)pn'1

B i n derlo) Numberof coats

NDFTI)Fm

NurnberoI coats

TotalNDF]'3)

tfrl

Low Mcdiun High

s7.01 CR

Misc

It 80 AY, CR, PVC 2 120 34 200s7.02

EP, PUR

80

EP, PUR4J

2 120 3 200s7.03 150 ]50 '.2 300s7.04 I-2 80 j-q 240 4-6 320s7.0s 400 400! /.Uf) 250 EP, PUR4J 250 '.2 500s7.07

Zn (R)

40 3 200 ,1 240s7.08 x EP. PUR5 40 EP + CR9) 2 200 l 240i7.09 40 EP, PUR4) 280 4=5 320s7 l0 x 40 CTV8) 3 360 4 400i7.l I 40 CTEE) 3 .360 4 400;1.12 ESI6) 80 EP, PUR4) 160 3-5 240s7.13 80 EP + CTEs) 9) 200 . J ,280

;'1 .t 4 80 EP, PUR4) 2-4 240 3-5 320) /- l ) CTVs) Al7) 100 CTV8) 2 200 3 300 'i7.16 x CTEs) Misc. 100 CTE8) 2 200 3 300Binders for prriming coat(s) Paints (liquid) Binders for top coat(s) Paints fliquid)

No. ofcomponenls Water-bo rne

nossihle

No. ofcomponents

Water-borne

rnsqi hlrI -pack 2-oack r-;;;kl 2-oackrR - Chlorinated rubber X CR : Chlorinated rubber xtrP Epoxv x PVC : Polwinvl chlorideES,L_: __ Erhfls_ilicare _ x Ef = Epoxy KffA_: _____!S.lEterhane _ PUR = Polyurethane X

I V '- Coal iar vinvl ITV : Coal tar vinvl-lb = CoaltareDoxv x fE = Coal tar eDoxv X

AY -- Acrylic x x

l)2)

1)

4)J)

6)

1)

LYi

e)| {.1)

iror Sl 2 ii rusi grlde rr, B or C as defined in ISO 8.501-! is the relerence grade,Ztt (R): Zinc ricir plimer, ser,5.2, Misc = fvlisccllaneous lypes of anticorrost,/e plgments,t{DFT.= }.lominal Dry Filrn Thickness. See j.4 for rirriher detaiis,Ifcolc,ur anri gloss retention is required, it is recornmended that the iast coat should be bascd on aliphatic PUR.It js also possrnie to work wittr an l.lDFI of flO pr provided that the EP or PUR zinc fich primer chosen ir; suitable for such an NDFT ln this case,tlre NDFT ol ihe complere painJ sysLem can be adjusrel. by subsequelrt coats,ll is rero:nm:rdcd that cne of the internedilic coats it used ae a tie ccat,-41 '. A )unrinium. prgmented prrmer.Aliernltives i.o cJal tar zire available.'ihe firsl of the abbrevialions relates to thc intemrerliaii coat and rhe la(di- io r-he ,,op coarirrrr expianatiori oiabbreviations, see foot oitable

?0

j, ;,..,!.,, Lieens*kabt af l flempe l AJ:S Lu n dteftevej 1 50,, Z g00,Lyn g by-.

ISO i2944-5:f 998{E)

lhe painr svsrems given ,^ ,n"-,"3,?l',1,1,[ ffi'',Tiil ffiffifflT"1jilh*rtJ;l3po,.iur"

lli:::: ilil|:T. t.'":l::';!:t"rr be Jnsured

'r"i if' p^i', s wirh ahe indicared durabiriry *r'"ln

"*""ution or rhe painr work rakes

in ISO 8501-l is the reference grade.Miscellaneous rypes.of anticorros ive p igments,5.4 for fudher details.

of table.

PaintSystem

No.

Surfacepreparation

grader)

Priming coat(s) Top coat(s) including intermediatecoat(s)

Paint system Expectcd durability(see 5.5 and

rso 12944-l)sr2 Sa 2% Bindets) Type of

prime12)Numberof coats

NDFTJ)

Fm

Binde16) Numberof coats

NDFTJ)pjn

Numberof coats

TotalNDFT3)

ltrn

Low High

EP, PUR Zn (R) EP, PURS8,02

40 CTPURs) 500 5 540

EP

Misc.

x 80 EP, PUR 300 I 380

s8.06 x EP4) 800 I 800CTE5) CTE5)

s8.p8 x I 120 J 380 4 500

s8.10 x CTE4) 5) I I 000 I I loooCTPUR5)

Binders for p.irning *x$ Paints (liquid) Binders for top coat(s) Paints (liouid)No. ofcomponenk Water-

borne

oossible

No, of Water-borne

[ -pack 2-packEP : Epoxy x Ep = EpoxyPUB : polyurethane

X PUR = Polyrrethane3TP = Coal tar epoxy x ITE : Coal tar epoxy xx ITPUR = Coal tar polyurethane x x

?'9

Licens.kabt a{: l-"{er*pel AJS .f,_undto{tevej 1S0, Zg00 Lynggy,,, ,".

ISC 129,44-5:1e9S(E)o tso

Table A,9: Paint systems for corrosivity categories C2 to C5_I and C5_M

l'he painr svster's given ," ,n"-1"]l?:i.g ruur",uy," on1f; ili:,?:,ttJ,*lperforn,ance are possibre,ilj$:: $::li:T l:'.",:::';!:t"ll

be Jnsu'"a tt'ai tie wirh rhe indicated durabiriry when execution or the painr workTop coat(s) includingintermediate coat(s)

(see 5.5 and ISO 12944-l)

crlc4 lcs-t lcs-vtJ I n OerJ,

Binders for priming coat(s) Binders for top coat(s)

SO 12944,4.t-dip-galvan.ized surface,

at should be based on aliphatic pUR.

ol normally be used for these corrosivity categories, They are not listed in

4d

ISO '12944-S:'t99S(E)

hlkalis (splash)

Licens ksbi af: H.ernpelfuS Lundtoftevej 1S0, Zg00 LVngby

.Arasnex C

{informative)Table C,1: General properties of different generic types of paint

Ilguts-tgrl. qlg_$Llge!_ _60 to ?0 "C

'70 to i 20 .c

120 to 150 "C

P h _vs i cal .proirerti esA.brasion resistance

Irnpact resistance

F-lexibilily

Fl ardness

Application bvLlrushing

Roller coating

_L^--'l) 1'u,1o syrtrbois in one columlr means that significant differences mav occln

!al

C

C ExcellentA Goode Pot-rr

Not relevant

The ratings may vary for differentformulations of the same generic fype ofproductl)

ies of different generic fypers of painl

Gloss rr:tention

Colour retention

Iilater immersion

liolvents (splash)

l\cids (splash)

both symbols may apply