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How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia

How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

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Page 1: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

How we learn from experience

Memory and Amnesia

Page 2: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Thorndike Puzzle box

KW 13-3

Page 3: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Pursuit rotor

KW 13-6

Page 4: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Verbal Memory

• Remember the following letters

• PBSFOXBETABCCBSMTVNBC

Page 5: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Recall as many letters as you can

Page 6: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Verbal Memory

• Remember the following letters

• PBS FOX BET ABC CBS MTV NBC

Page 7: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Recall as many letters as you can

Page 8: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory: Declarative vs Procedural

Declarative-the ability to state a memory in words: ABOUT THINGS

Example: Remembering your mother’s maiden name.

Procedural-the development of motor skills: HOW TO DO THINGS

Example: Riding a bicycle.

Episodic – life experiences; biographic details of own life;

Example: HS graduation ceremony

Page 9: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory: Explicit vs Implicit

Explicit-deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory

Conscious use of memory

Example: taking a multiple choice test.

Implicit-the influence of recent experience on behavior, even if one does not realize that one is using memory

Unconcious or unintended influences on memory

Example: ethnic facial preferences

Page 10: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Please read the following words silently to yourself

• Spring

• Winter

• Car

• Boat

Page 11: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Please read the following words silently to yourself

• Trip

• Tumble

• Run

• Sun

Page 12: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Please write down a defintion for the following word

• Fall

Page 13: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Short-term and Long-term Memory

Short-term-events that have just occurred

Long-term-events from previous times

Memories that stay in short-term memory long enough are consolidated into long-term memory

Page 14: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory Model

Sensory registers

Short Termor

Working

Long Term

Loss Loss

Rehearsal

Consolidation

Retrieval

Page 15: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Short term

memory task

KW 13-13

Page 16: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Working Memory

Defined-the way we store information while working with it or attending to it

Components

Phonological loop-stores auditory info

Visuospatial sketchpad-stores visual info

Central executive-directs attention toward one stimulus or another

Page 17: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Action and

Color Words

Kw 13-7

Page 18: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory Areas

Page 19: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Amnesia

TestTodayCar crash

HS graduationJune 2000

High School Prom1999

New Home2001

Page 20: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Hippocampus and Amnesia

Anterograde Amnesia-loss of memories for events that happen after brain damage

Retrograde Amnesia-loss of memories that occurred shortly before brain damage

Page 21: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Boxing Blows

Page 22: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Case of H.M.

• Most studied person in psychology

• Most important case study

• H.M. had severe epilepsy in temporal lobes

• William Scoville, neurosurgeon at

Hartford Hospital operated on HM in 1953

• Removed ventral tips of temporal lobes

Page 23: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

HM’s Brain

KW 13-8

Both sides

Page 24: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

HM’s Temporal

Lobes

Page 25: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Effects on HM

• Recall events from childhood

• Can engage in conversations

• Good semantic memory

• Cannot recall events that have just happened

• Cannot recall any new facts

• Cannot remember new faces

Page 26: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory Model

Sensory registers

Short Termor

Working

Long Term

Loss Loss

Rehearsal

Consolidation

Retrieval

Page 27: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

What is HM’s deficit

• Anterograde Amnesia for declarative memory: fact, events, people.

• No concept of amount of time that has passed.

• Still shows procedural memory: new tasks.

• Some implicit memory: realizes that his parents have died.

Page 28: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Temporal Lobe Memory Areas

Page 29: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory circuits

KW 13-10

Page 30: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Emotional Memory Circuit

KW 13-16

Page 31: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Korsakoff’s Syndrome- brain damage caused by long-term thiamine deficiency (both retrograde and anterograde amnesia)

Page 32: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease- severe memory loss associated with aging

Amyloid beta protein accumulates in the brain and impairs neuron function

PlaquesTangles

Page 33: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Alzheimer’s Disease

KW p. 504

Page 34: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

How does learning happen?

Function and structural changes

Page 35: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Changes in Function

• Existing brain cells

• Donald Hebb (1904-1985)

• Existing circuits start reverberatory circuits

• Eventually form cell assemblies

• Cell assemblies are memories

Page 36: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Enriched Environment

KW p. 514

Creating novel circuits over time

Page 37: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Cortex changes in experience

KW 13-20

Blood

Glial

Page 38: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Changes in motor cortex

KW 13-21

Page 39: How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

Memory

• Anterograde: malfunction in memory consolidation

• Retrograde: loss of “permanent” memories

most likely cell death on cortex

End