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How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal

How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

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Page 1: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

How Governments

Distribute Power

How Governments

Distribute PowerUnitary

ConfederationFederal

UnitaryConfederation

Federal

Page 2: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

UnitaryUnitary

Definition: A form of government in which power is held by one central government.

Power is NOT shared between states, counties, or provinces.

Example: United Kingdom

Definition: A form of government in which power is held by one central government.

Power is NOT shared between states, counties, or provinces.

Example: United Kingdom

Page 3: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal
Page 4: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Central Authority

UnitaryWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Page 5: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Confederation• Definition: • A form of government based on a voluntary

agreement under which separate countries work together

• Voluntary association of independent states that often only delegate a few powers to the central authority.

• Secure some common purpose.• Agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action.• Each unit has final control of its own laws and citizens.• Confederations can be unstable because members often want

to do things their own way!• Example: European Union and OPEC

Page 6: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal
Page 7: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Central Authority

ConfederationWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Page 8: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Federal• Definition: A form of government in

which power is divided by a powerful central government and states or provinces that are given considerable self-rule, usually through their own legislatures.

• Examples: The United States, Germany, Australia, Canada, Russia, Mexico

Page 9: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal
Page 10: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Page 11: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Ways Government Distributes Power

FederalUnitary Confederation

All key powers are held by the

central government

State/regional authorities

hold most of the power

Strong central government

Weaker central government

Page 12: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

How Governments DetermineCitizen

Participation•Autocratic (Autocracy)•Oligarchic (Oligarchy)•Democratic (Democracy)

Page 13: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

AutocraticAutocratic

Government in which one person possesses unlimited power

Citizens have little if any role in the government

Government in which one person possesses unlimited power

Citizens have little if any role in the government

Page 14: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

OligarchicOligarchic

Government by the few: A small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes

The citizen has a very limited role.

Government by the few: A small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes

The citizen has a very limited role.

Page 15: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Democratic

A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.

Citizens vote for leaders.

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Two Types of Democracy

Two Types of Democracy

ParliamentaryPresidential

ParliamentaryPresidential

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Parliamentary

• A system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature.

• May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.

Page 18: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Parliamentary Systems

The executive and legislature are fused. Survival and origin of each branch are not separate.

The people elect the Parliament; the Parliament elects the cabinet and Prime Minister.

Many parliamentary governments have a dual-executive. One ceremonial (the monarchy), one political (prime minister and cabinet).

Page 19: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Queen Elizabeth II,

Britain’s Head of State

Page 20: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Parliamentary SystemsParliamentary Systems

Survival not separate:

Cabinet must “maintain the confidence” of parliament (sustain the support of a majority of MPs) or resign.

Terms of office are not fixed, so cabinet can dissolve parliament and call new elections when it sees fit.

Thus, the executive can dissolve the legislature and the legislature can axe the executive!

Survival not separate:

Cabinet must “maintain the confidence” of parliament (sustain the support of a majority of MPs) or resign.

Terms of office are not fixed, so cabinet can dissolve parliament and call new elections when it sees fit.

Thus, the executive can dissolve the legislature and the legislature can axe the executive!

Page 21: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Countries with parliamentary system

Countries with parliamentary system

Page 22: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Presidential Democracy• A system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.

• Original presidential system: ours! But also very common in Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia. Not popular in Europe.

Page 23: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Presidential DemocracyPresidential Democracy

Separate origin: Both branches are elected separately, in different elections.

Separate survival: Both branches are elected for a fixed term, neither can dismiss the other.

Cabinet answers only to president.

Personnel of each branch is non-overlapping.

Separate origin: Both branches are elected separately, in different elections.

Separate survival: Both branches are elected for a fixed term, neither can dismiss the other.

Cabinet answers only to president.

Personnel of each branch is non-overlapping.

Page 24: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

How Governments Determine Citizen Participation

How Governments Determine Citizen Participation

DemocracyDemocracyOligarchicAutocratic

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Go

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High Participation

High Participation

Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation

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are needed to see this picture.

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 27: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

You live in a small country ruled by one man, who is also the head of the military. The only tv and radio stations you have are owned and run by the government. You can access the internet, but can only see certain government-approved websites. Although your country has elections, you are only allowed to vote for your current leader. People who criticize or protest against the government are jailed or executed. Which form of government best describes the government where you live?A. autocratic

B. parliamentaryC. democraticD. oligarchic

Page 28: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

A. autocratic

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You are the chief executive in your country’s democratically-elected national government. You came to power in the last election after your political party won a majority of seats in the national legislature. As the leader of your political party, you were chosen to be the head of the government by your co-workers in the legislature.Which form of government do you have?

A. presidentialB. autocraticC. parliamentaryD. oligarchic

A. presidentialB. autocraticC. parliamentaryD. oligarchic

Page 30: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

C. parliamentary

The United Kingdom has a parliamentary democracy.

The United Kingdom has a parliamentary democracy.

Page 31: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

The country in which you live has a central government that shares the power with several state and local governments.Which word best describes the way your government distributes power?

• A. unitary

• B. confederation

• C. federal

Page 32: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

•C. federal• America has a federal system of

government.• Germany also has a federal system of

government.

Page 33: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

I live in a country that has regular elections. The legislature is elected separately from the head of government. What type of democracy does my country have?

• A. oligarchic

• B. autocratic

• C. parliamentary

• D. presidential

Page 34: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

• D. presidential

Page 35: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Anne lives in a country that has a strong central government that does not share power with states or provinces within the country or with any other country. What type of government best describes how Anne’s country distributes power?

Anne lives in a country that has a strong central government that does not share power with states or provinces within the country or with any other country. What type of government best describes how Anne’s country distributes power? A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal

A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal

Page 36: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

A. UnitaryA. Unitary

Page 37: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

In George’s country, there are a few leaders. They were not chosen by the people. They make decisions for the country based on what is best for them not for the country. They are mostly interested in making themselves rich. What type of citizen participation does George’s country have?

In George’s country, there are a few leaders. They were not chosen by the people. They make decisions for the country based on what is best for them not for the country. They are mostly interested in making themselves rich. What type of citizen participation does George’s country have?

•A. autocratic•B. oligarchic•C. democratic

•A. autocratic•B. oligarchic•C. democratic

Page 38: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

•B. oligarchic•B. oligarchic

Page 39: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

◊ In which system of government does the legislature elect the executive leader of the government?

◊ A. democratic◊ B. communist◊ C. parliamentary◊ D. totalitarian

◊ In which system of government does the legislature elect the executive leader of the government?

◊ A. democratic◊ B. communist◊ C. parliamentary◊ D. totalitarian

Page 40: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

C. parliamentary C. parliamentary

Page 41: How Governments Distribute Power Unitary Confederation Federal Unitary Confederation Federal

Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true?

A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life.

B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate.

C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties.

D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.

Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true?

A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life.

B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate.

C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties.

D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.

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D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.

D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.