S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 January 2012

The s eason of

pas s ive transport

Diffusion: refers to a natural

phenomenon caused by the tenden-

cy of small par�cles to spread out

evenly within any given space. (3)

Fact: During diffusion

molecules move from an

area of high concentra�on

to an area of low concentra-

�on. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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February 2012

The s eason of

pas s ive transport

Dialysis: A form of diffusion in

which the selec�vely permeable

nature of a membrane causes the

separa�on of smaller solute par�cles

from larger solute par�cles. (3)

Fact: Both water and glucose

molecules are small enough to

pass through the pores in the

dialysis membrane. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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march 2012

The s eason of

pas s ive transport

Osmosis: The diffusion of water

through a selec�vity permeable

membrane that does not allow

diffusion of one or more other sub-

stances. (3)

Fact: adding volume to a cell

by osmosis increases its

pressure, just as adding volume

to a water balloon increases its

pressure. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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April 2012

The s eason of

pas s ive transport

Facilitated diffusion: When

movement of molecules is facilitated

or made more efficient by the ac�on

of carrier mechanisms in a cell

membrane. (3)

Fact: This mechanism differs

from channel-meditated

transport, which does not

involve binding the solute

molecule and changing shape to

release the bound solute. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30

may 2012

The s eason of

pas s ive transport

Filtra�on: Form of transport

involves the passing of water and

permeable solutes through a

membrane by the force of hydrosta�c

pressure. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 June 2012

The s eason of

act ive transport

Ac�ve Transport – a carrier

mediated process where cellular ener-

gy is used to move molecules “uphill”

through the cell membrane

Pumps– two different types: cal-

cium or sodium – potassium

Facts: - allow cells to move certain ions or

other water – soluble par�cles

to specific areas

- usually essen�al for healthy cell

survival/ used in all different

types of cells

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 July 2012

The s eason of

act ive transport Endocytosis – requires meta-

bolic energy by the cell but un-

like pumps allow substances to

enter or leave the cell without

actually moving through the

plasma membrane

Facts: - plasma membrane “traps” extra cellu-

lar material and brings it into the

cell

-two basic forms Phagocytosis and Pino-

cytosis

-Phagocytosis: par�cles are engulfed by

the plasma membrane and enter

the cell in vesicles that have pinched

off from the membrane

-Pinocytosis: commonly called

“condi�on of cell drinking” , fluid

and the substances dissolved in it

enter the cell

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 august 2012

The s eason of

act ive transport Exocytosis – requires metabolic

energy by the cell but unlike pumps

allow substances to enter or leave

the cell without actually moving

through the plasma membrane

Fact: - large molecules and notably proteins

can leave the cell even though they

are too large to move out through

the plasma membrane

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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September 2012

The s eason of

Cell metabol i sm

Catabolism: the breakdown of

food compounds or cytoplasmic con-

s�tuents into simpler compounds (3)

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Facts: A metabolic

pathway is considered

catabolic if its main

goal is to break down

molecules. (3)

Catabolism usually

breaks down nutrient

molecules, therefore

releasing energy. (3)

S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 October 2012

The s eason of

Cell metabol i sm

Anabolism: cells making com-

plex molecules from simpler mole-

cules(3)

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Facts: metabolic path-

ways are called to as ana-

bolic pathways when small

molecules are built into

larger molecules. (3)

Anabolism requires a large

amount of energy, and are

considered to be the oppo-

site of catabolic pathways.

(3)

S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 November 2012

The s eason of

Cell metabol i sm

Enzymes: func�onal proteins

that regulate various metabolic path-

ways of the body (3)

Fact: enzymes are typi-

cally ter�ary or quaternary

proteins (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 December 2012

The s eason of

Prote in synthes i s

Transcrip�on: The process of chang-

ing one form of energy or other physical

event to another form, as when sound

energy is changed to an electrical energy

in a microscope (3)

Transla�on: Process in

which mRNA is used by ribo-

some in the synthesis of a

protein. (3)

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S U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

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30 January 2013

The s eason of

growth Cell division- begins with the spli=ng and

replica�on of double helix DNA, in the end crea�ng

two molecules of DNA. (1)

Stages: Mitosis the life cycle of the cell, basical-

ly the division of the nucleus. The majority of the

cell’s life is spent in interphase, where the cell pre-

forms all its normal func�on. Slowly chromosomes

become more defined and moving

apart as prophase begins. Metaphase

comes next as spindle fibers form and

then the chromosomes align in the

middle of the cell. Anaphase involves

the chromosomes spli=ng in half and

moving to the opposite poles of the

cells. Telophase is when the 2 groups

of chromosomes fully separate and

form their own cells and then return to

anaphase. (1)

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Fact: Cell reproduc�on speaks to the XY sex chro-

mosome. Females have 2 X’s, which are homologous,

and males have XY, which aren’t homologous. This de-

termines the gender of the cell. (1)

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