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Horticulture CD Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Nursery, Landscaping, and Landscaping, and Gardening Gardening

Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

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Page 1: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Horticulture CDHorticulture CD

Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Landscaping, and

GardeningGardening

Page 2: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Problem Area 5: Fruit and Problem Area 5: Fruit and Vegetable Crop ProductionVegetable Crop Production

Page 3: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Lesson 1: Planning and Preparing Lesson 1: Planning and Preparing a Vegetable Garden Sitea Vegetable Garden Site

Page 4: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Which Do You Think is Better?Which Do You Think is Better?

Fresh or not fresh?Fresh or not fresh?

Spending money on something or Spending money on something or getting it for free?getting it for free?

Sitting on the couch or getting Sitting on the couch or getting exercise?exercise?

Page 5: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Identify the important factors to Identify the important factors to consider in garden site selection.consider in garden site selection.

Determine what and how much to Determine what and how much to grow.grow.

Develop and draw a garden plan.Develop and draw a garden plan.

Prepare the planting seedbed.Prepare the planting seedbed.

Page 6: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

TermsTerms

Adequate sunlightAdequate sunlightClimateClimateCompostCompostCool-season Cool-season vegetablesvegetablesCover cropCover cropCrop rotationCrop rotationFertile soilFertile soilGarden planGarden planIdeal seedbedIdeal seedbed

IntercroppingIntercroppingIrrigationIrrigationLoamLoamRaised bed, wide Raised bed, wide row systemrow systemSoil pHSoil pHStrip tillageStrip tillageSuccession plantingSuccession plantingWarm-season Warm-season vegetablesvegetables

Page 7: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

What factors are important in What factors are important in selecting an ideal site for a selecting an ideal site for a

vegetable garden?vegetable garden?

Identify the important factors Identify the important factors to consider in garden site to consider in garden site

selection.selection.

Page 8: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden Site SelectionGarden Site Selection

Adequate sunlight for best yields Adequate sunlight for best yields would be a minimum of 8 to 10 would be a minimum of 8 to 10 hours of direct full sun each day.hours of direct full sun each day.– Large trees and shrubs shade a Large trees and shrubs shade a

garden and compete for nutrients and garden and compete for nutrients and water.water.

– If some areas are shaded, select If some areas are shaded, select vegetables for those locations that will vegetables for those locations that will grow in those conditions.grow in those conditions.

Page 9: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

Well-drained soil is needed.Well-drained soil is needed.– If a 12" wide by 18" deep trench filled If a 12" wide by 18" deep trench filled

with water drains away in an hour or with water drains away in an hour or so, the soil is classified as well-so, the soil is classified as well-drained.drained.

Page 10: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

The best soil is a loam.The best soil is a loam.– Loam is a soil that has a combination Loam is a soil that has a combination

of sand, silt, and clay particles along of sand, silt, and clay particles along with the pore space that results from with the pore space that results from the combination of particle sizes.the combination of particle sizes.

– The combination of particles sizes The combination of particles sizes results in soils that are well-drained results in soils that are well-drained with good aeration while also having with good aeration while also having high nutrient and water holding high nutrient and water holding capacity. capacity.

Page 11: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening
Page 12: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening
Page 13: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

SoilSoil

Planting a cover crop in the fall of Planting a cover crop in the fall of rye or oats that are plowed under or rye or oats that are plowed under or tilled in the spring can add organic tilled in the spring can add organic matter.matter.– Using a cover crop is sometimes Using a cover crop is sometimes

referred to as a green manure referred to as a green manure because the results are addition of because the results are addition of organic matter and nutrients very organic matter and nutrients very similar to the use of livestock manure.similar to the use of livestock manure.

Page 14: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

CompostCompost

Compost can be used instead of a Compost can be used instead of a cover crop.cover crop.– Compost is made by piling alternate Compost is made by piling alternate

layers 4" to 6" deep of plant material layers 4" to 6" deep of plant material (grass clippings, old sod straw, or (grass clippings, old sod straw, or leaves) and soil. leaves) and soil.

– Adding nitrogen fertilizer and keeping Adding nitrogen fertilizer and keeping the pile moist speeds up the decay. the pile moist speeds up the decay.

Page 15: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

CompostCompost

Organic matter added by the cover Organic matter added by the cover crop or compost helps keep the soil crop or compost helps keep the soil loose, adds nutrients, improves loose, adds nutrients, improves drainage, and increases moisture drainage, and increases moisture holding capacity.holding capacity.

Page 16: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Compost BinCompost Bin

Page 17: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

The garden should be located near a The garden should be located near a supply of water in case irrigation is supply of water in case irrigation is necessary.necessary.– Irrigation is the addition of water to Irrigation is the addition of water to

supplement natural rainfall.supplement natural rainfall.

Page 18: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

Fertile soil is soil high in nutrients Fertile soil is soil high in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.potassium.– Soil tests should be taken to determine Soil tests should be taken to determine

nutrient levels.nutrient levels.– Fertilizer is applied as needed Fertilizer is applied as needed

according the test results and the according the test results and the crops you plan to raise.crops you plan to raise.

Page 19: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening
Page 20: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

Soil pH is a measure of the acid Soil pH is a measure of the acid content of the soil (concentration of content of the soil (concentration of the hydrogen ion).the hydrogen ion).– Most vegetables grow best in a pH Most vegetables grow best in a pH

range of 6.0 to 6.5.range of 6.0 to 6.5.– Limestone is used to raise the pH and Limestone is used to raise the pH and

sulfur or gypsum is used to lower the sulfur or gypsum is used to lower the pH.pH.

Page 21: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Site SelectionSite Selection

A good garden site should be free of A good garden site should be free of weeds and protected from animals.weeds and protected from animals.– Fencing may be needed to keep pets Fencing may be needed to keep pets

and wildlife from damaging your and wildlife from damaging your plants.plants.

Page 22: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening
Page 23: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

What and How Much Should What and How Much Should be Planted ?be Planted ?

Determine what and how Determine what and how much to grow.much to grow.

Page 24: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

FactorsFactors

Space availableSpace availableTime availableTime availableWhat you like to eatWhat you like to eatSize of your familySize of your familyClimate (temperature, sunlight,Climate (temperature, sunlight,rainfall, and day length)rainfall, and day length)Soil type (percentage of sand, silt, Soil type (percentage of sand, silt, and clay)and clay)

Page 25: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GuidelinesGuidelines

Vegetables can be planted in flower Vegetables can be planted in flower pots, flower boxes, patio containers, pots, flower boxes, patio containers, flower beds, or various size garden flower beds, or various size garden beds.beds.– Seed catalogues, seed packets and Seed catalogues, seed packets and

transplant tags provide information transplant tags provide information about space requirements for about space requirements for vegetable varieties.vegetable varieties.

Page 26: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GuidelinesGuidelines

If your time is limited, it is better to If your time is limited, it is better to plant a small well maintained garden plant a small well maintained garden than a large poorly maintained one. than a large poorly maintained one. – Keep in mind vegetables that ripen for Keep in mind vegetables that ripen for

one harvest such as potatoes require one harvest such as potatoes require less time than vegetables such as less time than vegetables such as cucumbers that have several harvests cucumbers that have several harvests over time.over time.

Page 27: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GuidelinesGuidelines

Plant vegetables that you and your Plant vegetables that you and your family likes to eat. family likes to eat.

Calculate the amount of seed or Calculate the amount of seed or plants needed and the number of plants needed and the number of feet of row space that must be feet of row space that must be planted to achieve the needed yield.planted to achieve the needed yield.

Page 28: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GuidelinesGuidelines

The climate and season of the year The climate and season of the year also must be considered in the also must be considered in the planting decisions.planting decisions.– Cool-season vegetables, such as Cool-season vegetables, such as

cabbage, can be planted 2 to 4 weeks cabbage, can be planted 2 to 4 weeks before the average frost-free date for before the average frost-free date for your area.your area.

– They germinate well in cool soil and They germinate well in cool soil and can withstand light frosts.can withstand light frosts.

Page 29: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

ClimateClimate

Cool season vegetables can also be Cool season vegetables can also be planted in the cool fall weather.planted in the cool fall weather.

Warm-season vegetables need to be Warm-season vegetables need to be planted on or after the frost-free date planted on or after the frost-free date in your area.in your area.

These vegetables germinate and These vegetables germinate and grow only in warm soil.grow only in warm soil.

Page 30: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GuidelinesGuidelines

Your plan for using the vegetables is Your plan for using the vegetables is very important in determining the very important in determining the amount to plant.amount to plant.– Determine whether you will only eat Determine whether you will only eat

fresh vegetables or if you will be fresh vegetables or if you will be canning and freezing produce for the canning and freezing produce for the winter months.winter months.

Page 31: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

What factors are considered in What factors are considered in arranging vegetables and arranging vegetables and developing a garden plan?developing a garden plan?

Develop and draw a Develop and draw a garden plan.garden plan.

Page 32: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlanGarden Plan

Scale drawing (preferably on graph Scale drawing (preferably on graph paper) of the garden plot with paper) of the garden plot with vegetables, row lengths, and row vegetables, row lengths, and row widths included.widths included.The garden plan saves time by The garden plan saves time by giving direction to purchases and giving direction to purchases and garden planting work.garden planting work.Planning will result in a more Planning will result in a more attractive and productive garden.attractive and productive garden.

Page 33: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlanGarden Plan

Arrange the garden in rows for the Arrange the garden in rows for the best sun exposure.best sun exposure.– Plant low-growing varieties on the Plant low-growing varieties on the

south or east so they will not be south or east so they will not be shaded by tall - growing plants such as shaded by tall - growing plants such as sweet corn.sweet corn.

Page 34: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlanGarden Plan

Rows for small plants can be closer Rows for small plants can be closer together than for larger plants.together than for larger plants.– Vine-type plants need wider spacing Vine-type plants need wider spacing

than bush-type plantings.than bush-type plantings.– Follow seed company spacing Follow seed company spacing

recommendations.recommendations.

Page 35: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlansGarden Plans

Group vegetables according to Group vegetables according to maturity (early, mid-season, and late maturity (early, mid-season, and late or long season).or long season).– Intercropping is the practice of growing Intercropping is the practice of growing

rapidly maturing crops in the same row rapidly maturing crops in the same row or between rows of late maturing or between rows of late maturing crops. crops.

Growing green onions between cabbage Growing green onions between cabbage plants is an example.plants is an example.

Page 36: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

GroupingGrouping

Succession planting is getting two crops Succession planting is getting two crops from one garden row in the same from one garden row in the same growing season.growing season.– Turnips, for example, could be planted after Turnips, for example, could be planted after

green beans have completed their green beans have completed their production. production.

– Succession planting can also be used to Succession planting can also be used to describe the case when two or three describe the case when two or three plantings of sweet corn are made 7 to 10 plantings of sweet corn are made 7 to 10 days apart to provide a continuous supply.days apart to provide a continuous supply.

Page 37: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlansGarden Plans

Two planting systems that are Two planting systems that are gaining popularity are the strip tillage gaining popularity are the strip tillage and raised bed, wide row system.and raised bed, wide row system.– Strip tillage is the practice of planting Strip tillage is the practice of planting

garden areas separated by a strip of garden areas separated by a strip of sod. sod.

Page 38: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlansGarden Plans

The raised bed, wide row system The raised bed, wide row system involves raising the soil level in a row involves raising the soil level in a row two to four feet wide and planting two to four feet wide and planting vegetables in the entire row area.vegetables in the entire row area.– The result is up to three or four times as The result is up to three or four times as

much production per foot of row.much production per foot of row.– Also the raised beds mean the soil dries Also the raised beds mean the soil dries

and warms quicker in the spring allowing and warms quicker in the spring allowing earlier planting.earlier planting.

Page 39: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlansGarden Plans

Long term planning should include a Long term planning should include a three or four year crop rotation.three or four year crop rotation.– Crop rotation means not planting the Crop rotation means not planting the

same vegetables in a given spot two same vegetables in a given spot two years in a row.years in a row.

Page 40: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Garden PlansGarden Plans

Mixed planting of vegetables helps Mixed planting of vegetables helps lower insect and disease outbreaks. lower insect and disease outbreaks. – Insects often zero in on plants by Insects often zero in on plants by

detecting odors associated with a detecting odors associated with a given plant.given plant.

– Mixed plants tend to confuse the bugs Mixed plants tend to confuse the bugs by the great number of odors that are by the great number of odors that are given off.given off.

Page 41: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

What is the Ideal Seedbed What is the Ideal Seedbed and How is it Prepared?and How is it Prepared?

Prepare the planting Prepare the planting seedbed.seedbed.

Page 42: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Ideal SeedbedIdeal Seedbed

Loose soil providing a desirable Loose soil providing a desirable medium for:medium for:– Seedbed germinationSeedbed germination– Root developmentRoot development– Open enough to absorb water and airOpen enough to absorb water and air– High organic matter to prevent crustingHigh organic matter to prevent crusting

Page 43: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Seedbed PreparationSeedbed Preparation

Take soil tests to determine nutrient Take soil tests to determine nutrient levels in the soil.levels in the soil.– Use a spade or trowel to dig a small Use a spade or trowel to dig a small

hole about six to eight inches deep.hole about six to eight inches deep.– Mix eight samples from well scattered Mix eight samples from well scattered

locations together.locations together.– Have the soil tested for pH, Have the soil tested for pH,

phosphorus, and potassium.phosphorus, and potassium.

Page 44: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Seedbed PreparationSeedbed Preparation

Apply limestone, phosphate, and Apply limestone, phosphate, and potash according to the soil test and potash according to the soil test and the crop to be planted.the crop to be planted.– Add composted organic matter and Add composted organic matter and

nitrogen as needed for the crops to be nitrogen as needed for the crops to be planted.planted.

Page 45: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Seedbed PreparationSeedbed Preparation

For small garden areas, use a spade For small garden areas, use a spade or hand spade to loosen the soil and or hand spade to loosen the soil and a rake to smooth the surface.a rake to smooth the surface.

Larger areas can be prepared using Larger areas can be prepared using a garden tiller.a garden tiller.

Commercial size gardens are chisel Commercial size gardens are chisel plowed or disked with a leveling plowed or disked with a leveling harrow.harrow.

Page 46: Horticulture CD Unit C 5-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Review/SummaryReview/Summary

What factors are important in selecting What factors are important in selecting an ideal site for a vegetable garden?an ideal site for a vegetable garden?

What and how much should be planted?What and how much should be planted?

What factors are considered in arranging What factors are considered in arranging vegetables and developing a garden vegetables and developing a garden plan?plan?

What is the ideal seedbed and how is it What is the ideal seedbed and how is it prepared?prepared?